Alternate Test Methods for High Pressure Engine Component Testing

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Mayne ◽  
E.J. Connor ◽  
R. Scrip
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Component Testing ◽  
Engine Component ◽  
Alternate Test

Differential Pressure Transmitters, Span-Shift Errors With Static Pressure

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Akeley
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Shift Performance ◽  
Mercury Manometer

The author reviews methods of calibrating low-differential (25–300 in. H2O) D.P. transmitters at high (up to 3000 psig) static pressure. Various test methods are described along with discussion of their merits. Included are use of one or more deadweight testers (gas or liquid) and use of a high-pressure mercury manometer as a standard. Five D.P. transmitters of different construction are tested and their static span-shift performance reported.

Cyclic Lifetime Validation of Annular Combustor Liner Segments for Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hughes ◽  
Oliver Riccius ◽  
Roy Moobola ◽  
Ingo Kuehn ◽  
Lothar Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Component Testing ◽  
Annular Combustor ◽  
Combustor Liner

The cyclic lifetime of combustor liner segments for heavy duty gas turbines has been validated by means of full scale high pressure testing. This testing is part of a systematic combustor component validation ensuring top quality designed parts and a proper integration into the advanced GT24 and GT26 gas turbines. The accuracy of lifetime predictions for such components is highly dependent on the quality of the predicted temperature profiles and induced stress-strain distributions. Three-dimensional computer simulations of both hot combustion gas flows and high velocity cooling air provide detailed knowledge of the flow and temperature fields within a combustor. When linked to finite element representations of the mechanical structure, the resulting models can be used to give predictions of interface contact behaviour, coating integrity, creep deformation and fatigue lifetime. Full size component testing under representative engine conditions provides a means to ensure that a component fulfils its design objective. It also provides a substantiation of the design rules and the analytical models used for combustor liner lifetime prediction. The physical size, and the long time period needed to accumulate a representative number of cycles limits the practicality of full cyclic lifetime component testing in heavy duty gas turbine engines. Rig testing of parts provides a means of lifetime testing at reasonable cost and provides additional advantages relating to monitoring, instrumentation, flexibility and speed. An annular combustor sector test rig operating at high pressure in a cyclic mode and cycling between low and high firing temperatures has been used to cyclically test a single-burner sector of the first GT26 combustor, the so called EnVironmental (EV) combustor. The automatic control and monitoring system allowed accurate and consistent cycling conditions to be maintained. Continuous data logging provided an evolving picture of the conditions being experienced by the components. Between test runs, visual examinations and measurements were carried out by boroscope to assess the structural behaviour. Detailed modelling of the temperature field over the liner allowed the local stress-strain response to be predicted using a Robinson unified material model. Fatigue crack development was simulated by finite element analysis incorporating the effects of accumulated residual stresses. Close correspondence has been demonstrated between the measured temperatures and the predicted temperature fields for the testing conditions used. Regular visual examination of the development of damage during the course of the test has confirmed the accuracy of the mechanical integrity analysis process. Knowledge of the relationship between rig testing conditions and normal engine operating conditions has confirmed the ability of the combustor parts to exceed the specified cyclic life even under the severe conditions used in the test.

Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Airbag Retraction Actuator (ARA) Pyroshock Test Results

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mars Exploration ◽  
Flight System ◽  
Shock Test ◽  
Mars Exploration Rover ◽  
Alternate Test ◽  
Explosive Charges ◽  
Test Requirements

This paper presents the shock test results achieved in the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) airbag retraction actuator (ARA)/brush motor pyroshock qualification. The results of MER flight system pyrofiring tests are compared with ARA shock test requirements. Alternate test methods were developed in an effort to qualify critical MER equipment for adequate performance under actual flight pyroshock conditions. Simulated pyroshock qualification tests were conducted using shakers, mechanical impacts, and explosive charges for excitation. Comparisons of excitation and responses of an ARA subjected to different shock tests are presented.

Methods of Material Testing in High-Pressure Hydrogen Environment and Evaluation of Hydrogen Compatibility of Metallic Materials: Current Status in Japan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽  
Takeru Sano ◽  
Takashi Maeda ◽  
Hiroaki Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Compatibility Of Materials ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

In Japan, with regards to the widespread commercialization of 70 MPa-class hydrogen refueling stations and fuel cell vehicles, two national projects have been promoted on both the infrastructure and the automobile sides. These projects have been promoted to establish the criteria for determining hydrogen compatibility of materials and to expand the usable materials for high-pressure hydrogen environment. For these projects, establishing test methods to evaluate the hydrogen compatibility of materials is one of the most important tasks. This paper describes the status of common standardization of testing methods. Two projects share a common database for the testing results, which is currently put to practical use.

The Use of “Fitness for Service” Assessment Procedures to Establish Allowable Flaw Sizes in Steel Cylinders

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra D. Rana ◽  
John H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Ultrasonic Test ◽  
Flaw Size ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Flaw ◽  
Test Pressure ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Seamless Steel

As part of the U.S. Department of Transportation safety regulations, seamless steel cylinders that are used to transport high-pressure gases are required to be periodically retested during their lifetime [1]. The safety regulations have recently been revised to permit the use of ultrasonic methods for retesting steel cylinders. These ultrasonic test methods permit the quantitative determination of the size of any flaws that are detected in the cylinders. Therefore, to use these ultrasonic test methods it is required that quantitative, “allowable flaw sizes” be established to set acceptance/rejection limits for the cylinders at the time of retesting. Typical flaws that can occur in seamless steel cylinders during service are line corrosion, gouges, local thin areas of corrosion, notches, and cracks. To establish “allowable flaw sizes” for seamless steel cylinders, an assessment of typical flaws that occur in seamless cylinders was first carried out to establish the “critical flaw sizes” (e.g., depth and length or area) for selected types of flaws. The critical flaw size is the size of the flaw that will cause the cylinders to fail at either the designated test pressure or at the marked service pressure. The API Recommended Practice 579 “Fitness-for-Service” was used to calculate the critical flaw sizes for a range of cylinder sizes and strength levels [2]. Several hundred monotonic hydrostatic, flawed-cylinder burst tests were conducted as part of an International Standards Organization (ISO) test program to evaluate the fracture performance of a wide range of steel cylinders [3]. The results of these tests were used to verify the calculated “critical flaw sizes” that were calculated using the API 579 procedures. These results showed that the analysis conducted according to API 579 always underestimated the actual flaw sizes to cause failure at test pressure or at service pressure. Therefore, the “Fitness for Service” assessment procedures can be used reliably to establish the “critical flaw sizes” for cylinders of all sizes and strength levels. After the “critical flaw sizes” to cause failure of the cylinders at both the test pressure and the service were established, the “allowable flaw sizes” were calculated for a wide range of the cylinder types and strength levels. This was done modifying (reducing) the size of the “critical flaw sizes” for each cylinder by adjusting for fatigue crack growth that may occur during the use of the cylinder. This results in the final “allowable flaw size” criteria that are used for defining the acceptance or rejection of the cylinders during retesting. This paper presents the results of the analytical and experimental work that was performed to establish the “critical flaw sizes” and “allowable flaw sizes” for a wide range of high-pressure gas cylinders.

Technical Basis and Application of New Rules on Fracture Control of High Pressure Hydrogen Vessel in ASME Section VIII, Division 3 Code

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra D. Rana ◽  
George B. Rawls ◽  
J. Robert Sims ◽  
Elmar Upitis
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Fracture Control ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

As a part of an ongoing activity to develop ASME Code rules for the hydrogen infrastructure, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Committee approved new fracture control rules for Section VIII, Division 3 vessels in 2006. These rules have been incorporated into new Article KD-10 in Division 3. The new rules require determining fatigue crack growth rate and fracture resistance properties of materials in high pressure hydrogen gas. Test methods have been specified to measure these fracture properties, which are required to be used in establishing the vessel fatigue life. An example has been given to demonstrate the application of these new rules.

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