Electro-fluidic Devices as Fuel Injectors for Spark-ignition Engine Fuel Injection Systems

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiang Q. Huang ◽  
Nigel J. Leighton ◽  
Barrie Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injectors ◽  
Fluidic Devices

An Experimental Optimisation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Injector to Reduce the Total Hydrocarbon Emissions During Cold Start Conditions

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cardone ◽  
V. Cioffi ◽  
A. De Fenzo ◽  
C. De Marino ◽  
A. Senatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Cold Starts

Engine exhaust emission limits have been subject to increasingly severe controls during the last few years. This has led to the need for a suitably structured systemic approach to the problem of exhaust gas treatment, instead of just focusing on improving catalytic converters efficiency, in other words, it has become increasingly more productive, and necessary, to carry out “global” optimization of the chemical conversion process generally present when gases are burnt, along with activities aimed directly at reduce the cause of their creation, acting on the engine geometric and operating parameters. This work was aimed at an operating experimental analysis of alternative fuel injection systems to optimize their use in order to reduce exhaust emissions in spark ignition engines, especially during cold starts in low temperature conditions.

The Potential of a Separated Electric Compound Spark Ignition Engine for Hybrid Vehicle Application

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Pipitone ◽  
Salvatore Caltabellotta
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Generator Unit ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Abstract In-cylinder expansion of internal combustion engines based on Diesel or Otto cycles cannot be completely brought down to ambient pressure, causing a 20% theoretical energy loss. Several systems have been implemented to recover and use this energy such as turbocharging, turbo-mechanical and turbo-electrical compounding, or the implementation of Miller Cycles. In all these cases however, the amount of energy recovered is limited allowing the engine to reach an overall efficiency incremental improvement between 4% and 9%. Implementing an adequately designed expander-generator unit could efficiently recover the unexpanded exhaust gas energy and improve efficiency. In this work, the application of the expander-generator unit to a hybrid propulsion vehicle is considered, where the onboard energy storage receives power produced by an expander-generator, which could hence be employed for vehicle propulsion through an electric drivetrain. Starting from these considerations, a simple but effective modelling approach is used to evaluate the energetic potential of a spark-ignition engine electrically supercharged and equipped with an exhaust gas expander connected to an electric generator. The overall efficiency was compared to a reference turbocharged engine within a hybrid vehicle architecture. It was found that, if adequately recovered, the unexpanded gas energy could reduce engine fuel consumption and related pollutant emissions by 4% to 12%, depending on overall power output.

The effects of cylinder deactivation on the thermal behaviour and fuel economy of a three-cylinder direct injection spark ignition gasoline engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 2838-2849
Author(s):  
Michael McGhee ◽  
Ziman Wang ◽  
Alexander Bech ◽  
Paul J Shayler ◽  
Dennis Witt
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Cylinder Deactivation ◽  
Direct Injection Spark Ignition

The changes in thermal state, emissions and fuel economy of a 1.0-L, three-cylinder direct injection spark ignition engine when a cylinder is deactivated have been explored experimentally. Cylinder deactivation improved engine fuel economy by up to 15% at light engine loads by reducing pumping work, raising indicated thermal efficiency and raising combustion efficiency. Penalties included an increase in NOx emissions and small increases in rubbing friction and gas work losses of the deactivated cylinder. The cyclic pressure variation in the deactivated cylinder falls rapidly after deactivation through blow-by and heat transfer losses. After around seven cycles, the motoring loss is ~2 J/cycle. Engine structural temperatures settle within an 8- to 13-s interval after a switch between two- and three-cylinder operation. Engine heat rejection to coolant is reduced by ~13% by deactivating a cylinder, extending coolant warm-up time to thermostat-opening by 102 s.

Effects of injection parameters on the amount of wall-wet fuel in a port-fuel-injected spark-ignition engine during cold start

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-198
Author(s):  
Mikiya Araki ◽  
Katsuya Sakairi ◽  
Takashi Kuribara ◽  
Juan C González Palencia ◽  
Seiichi Shiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Stokes Number ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Two Parameters

In a four-stroke cycle port-fuel-injected spark-ignition engine, a significant portion of unburned hydrocarbons is exhausted during the short period of cold start. The aim of this study is to investigate the physics behind the wall-wet phenomena and its determining parameter as simply as possible even though qualitative to some extent. The test engine is driven at a constant speed of 350 r/min. The fuel injection starts at a certain cycle, and the cycles required for the first ignition is counted. Three gasoline injectors having different atomization characteristics are used for port fuel injection, and the droplet size, the spray angle and the spray velocity are varied independently. The fuel transport phenomena from the injector to the cylinder are characterized by only two parameters, α and β, the mass fraction of the fuel without wall-wet and the mass fraction of the evaporated fuel from liquid films on walls. They are determined so that all the first ignition cycles observed experimentally are consistently reproduced by the model. The value of α is successfully determined for every single injector, and it increases monotonously with the decrease in the Stokes number.

scholarly journals Spark ignition engine fuel-to-air ratio control: An adaptive control approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1369-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yildiray Yildiz ◽  
Anuradha M. Annaswamy ◽  
Diana Yanakiev ◽  
Ilya Kolmanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Control Approach
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