Effects of Operating Conditions on performance of Wet Friction Materials: A Guide to Material Selection

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick A. Lloyd ◽  
John N. Anderson ◽  
Laurie S. Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Wet Friction

Waste to Energy Conversion and Sustainable Recovery of Nutrients from Pee Power - Recent Advancements in Urine-Fed MFCs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-779
Author(s):  
Natarajan Narayanan ◽  
Vasudevan Mangottiri ◽  
Kiruba Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Beings

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offer a sustainable solution for alternative energy production by employing microorganisms as catalysts for direct conversion of chemical energy of feedstock into electricity. Electricity from urine (urine-tricity) using MFCs is a promising cost-effective technology capable of serving multipurpose benefits - generation of electricity, waste alleviation, resource recovery and disinfection. As an abundant waste product from human and animal origin with high nutritional values, urine is considered to be a potential source for extraction of alternative energy in the coming days. However, developments to improve power generation from urine-fed MFCs at reasonable scales still face many challenges such as non-availability of sustainable materials, cathodic limitations, and low power density. The aim of this paper was to critically evaluate the state-of-the-art research and developments in urine-fed MFCs over the past decade (2008-2018) in terms of their construction (material selection and configuration), modes of operation (batch, continuous, cascade, etc.) and performance (power generation, nutrient recovery and waste treatment). This review identifies the preference for sources of urine for MFC application from human beings, cows and elephants. Among these, human urine-fed MFCs offer a variety of applications to practice in the real-world scenario. One key observation is that, effective disinfection can be achieved by optimizing the operating conditions and MFC configurations without compromising on performance. In essence, this review demarcates the scope of enhancing the reuse potential of urine for renewable energy generation and simultaneously achieving resource recovery.

Paper 16: Friction in Wet Clutches

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (14) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Evans ◽  
J. Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Sliding Surfaces ◽  
Base Oils ◽  
Wet Friction ◽  
Friction Clutch ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

This paper is intended to demonstrate that designers of wet clutches for power transmission can obtain the optimum friction characteristics for specific applications by considering the interaction between friction materials and lubricants. A friction clutch plate rig is described and the friction results obtained are presented. It is shown that a wide variation of coefficients of friction and frictional characteristics in wet friction clutches can be obtained by changing the oils and friction materials. In particular the coefficient of friction is dependent upon (1) the oil, (2) the materials of the sliding surfaces, (3) sliding speed, and (4) temperature. It is also shown that the coefficient of friction is affected by ( a) refining treatment given to the oil, ( b) different base oils, and ( c) additives.

CAD in the CIM Environment: Where Do We Go From Here?

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dell K. Allen ◽  
W. Van Twelves
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computer Integrated Manufacturing ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Design Systems ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Product Definition

The importance of computer-aided design (CAD) has not been fully appreciated as it relates to computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). The CAD product definition model can provide essential information for many down-stream production, estimating, tooling, and quality assurance functions in the CIM environment. However, the product definition model may be inaccurate or incomplete, thus causing incomplete communication with possible scrap, re-work, and missed production deadlines. Other problems are related to the fact that many of our expert designers are retiring and taking their expertise with them. Merely being able to make 2D or 3D drawings on a CAD workstation does not make its operator a designer. A knowledge of production processes, tolerances, surface finish, and material selection is needed to supplement a designers knowledge of user needs, product functional requirements, operating conditions, cost, quality, and reliability targets. One of the most promising methods for providing timely and accurate information to the designer on an “as-needed” basis is through the use of expert design systems. Such systems promise to bridge the knowledge gap between CAD and CAM and help to incorporate these functions into the overall CIM environment.

scholarly journals A Latent Heat Storage System for Low-Temperature Applications: From Materials Selection to Prototype Performances

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10350
Author(s):  
Didier Haillot ◽  
Yasmine Lalau ◽  
Erwin Franquet ◽  
Sacha Rigal ◽  
Frederic Jay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Latent Heat Storage

The industrial sector is increasingly obliged to reduce its energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions to contribute to the world organizations’ targets in energy transition. An energy efficiency solution lies in the development of thermal energy storage systems, which are notably lacking in the low-temperature range (50–85 °C), for applications such as district heating or low-temperature waste heat recovery. This work aims to bring a latent heat storage solution from material selection to prototype evaluation. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the characterization and aging of a phase change material selected from a screening of the literature (fatty acid mixture mainly composed by stearic and palmitic acid). Then, this material is encapsulated and tested in a prototype whose performances are evaluated under various operating conditions. Finally, a numerical model validated by the experimental results is used to explore the influence of a wider range of operating conditions, dimensioning choices, and material conductivity improvements.

Strength Analysis and Optimization Methods for Four Cylinder Engine Crankshaft Based on CATIA and ANSYS

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1789-1793
Author(s):  
Amarjeet Singh ◽  
Vinod Kumar Mittal ◽  
Surjit Angra
Keyword(s):  
Static Analysis ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Stress Zone ◽  
Engine Crankshaft

Crankshaft is one of the most important components of an IC engine. Crankshaft should be checked carefully to ensure that its design is fully optimized. The main objective of this paper is to perform the static analysis on four cylinder engine crankshaft to find out its static strength and the maximum stress zone and analyzing the different methods for the optimization of crankshaft in terms of weight, stress and cost reduction. A three dimensional model of four cylinder engine crankshaft is prepared corresponding to actual conditions in Catia V5 software, static analysis is performed using Ansys under extreme operating conditions and the improvement methods for the optimum design are analyzed in terms of geometric improvement, appropriate material selection and methods used for manufacturing of crankshaft.

Application of Miniaturized Experiments for Constitutive Modeling of Creep Relaxation of a Novel Textured Gasket Product

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali P. Gordon ◽  
John Albury ◽  
Matthew Lopez ◽  
Evren Tasci ◽  
Zachary Poust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Modeling ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Viscoelastic Constitutive Model

The material attributes that are fundamental for developing a candidate textured, ceramic-filled PTFE gasket, such as texture style/dimensions, filler material, thickness and so on, create a set of potential combinations that are not practical to experimentally characterize at the component-level one-by-one. Optimizing gasket performance, however, is essential to the operation of bolted connections associated with pressurized vessels that transfer media from one location to another. Gaskets are essential for these systems since they confer high levels of leak mitigation across a range of operating environments. A balance of both compressibility and sealability must be displayed in an optimal candidate gasket to be subjected to aggressive operating conditions. A novel textured PTFE material (termed textured) characterized using a miniaturized test platform. This new-to-market viscoelastic material features a dual-face, raised honeycomb pattern. Experiments on both flat (termed Flat) and textured are used to identify viscoelastic constitutive model constants associated with Burger theories. Considering that the test platform contains an elastic bolt that is tightened to a prescribe torque level, the gasket is subjected to creep relaxation. Test results on the small samples contribute to constitutive modeling. The influence of parameters such as filler material selection, torque level, dwell period, etc. are presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document