Effects of Alternate Source Diesel Fuels on Light-Duty Diesel Emissions

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce B. Bykowski ◽  
Thomas M. Baines
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Alternate Source

Comparison of Petroleum and Alternate-Source Diesel Fuel Effects on Light-Duty Diesel Emissions

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce B. Bykowski ◽  
Charles T. Hare ◽  
Robert L. Mason ◽  
Thomas M. Baines
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
Fuel Effects

Diesel Emission Test Stand for Advanced SCR Control

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Noto ◽  
Athul Radhakrishnan ◽  
Ye Sun ◽  
Josh Ferreira ◽  
Marc Compere
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Nox Sensor ◽  
Diesel Emission ◽  
Tier 3

The combination of increasingly challenging emissions regulations and impending Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards of 54.5 mpg by 2025 presents auto makers with a challenge over the next 10 years. The most promising technologies currently available for meeting high fuel economy and low emissions regulations are increased hybridization, turbo downsizing, and increased Diesel engine implementation. Combining these into a hybrid turbo Diesel is an ideal transition technology for the very near future as battery and other alternative fuels become viable for widespread automotive use. This paper presents a Diesel emission test stand to improve Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems for light duty Diesel vehicles, particularly hybrid power systems that experience many start-stop events. Advanced modeling and control systems for SCR systems will further reduce tailpipe emissions below existing Tier structures and will prepare manufacturers to meet increasingly stringent Tier 3 standards beginning in 2017. SCR reduces oxides of Nitrogen, NO, and NO2, from otherwise untreated Diesel emissions. Scientific study has proved that inhaling this harmful exhaust gas is directly responsible for some forms of lung cancer and a variety of other respiratory diseases. In addition to EPA Tier emissions levels and CAFÉ standards, the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) regulations require every vehicle’s emission control systems to actively report their status during all engine-on vehicle operation. Testing and development with production NOx sensors and production SCR components is critical to improving NOx reduction and for OEMs to meeting strict Tier 3 light duty emission standards. The test stand was designed for straightforward access to the NOx sensors, injector, pump and all exhaust components. A Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) followed by a Diesel Oxidizing Catalyst (DOC) precedes the Selective Catalytic Reducer (SCR) injector, mixing pipe and catalyst. An upstream NOx sensor reads engine-out NOx and the downstream NOx sensor reports the post catalyst NOx levels. Custom fabrication work was required to integrate the SCR mechanical components into a simple system with exhaust components easily accessible in a repeatable, controlled laboratory environment. A Diesel generator was used in combination with a custom designed resistive load bank to provide variable NOx emissions according to the EPA drive cycles. A production exhaust temperature sensor was calibrated and integrated into the software test manager. Production automotive NOx sensors and SCR injector, pump and heaters were mounted on a production light duty vehicle exhaust system. The normalized nature of NOx concentration in parts per million (ppm) allows the small Diesel generator to adequately represent larger Diesels for controls development purposes. Both signal level and power electronics were designed and tested to operate the SCR pump, injector, and three Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) heating elements. An Arduino-based Controller Area Network (CAN) communications network read the NOx Diesel emissions messages from the upstream and downstream sensors. The pump, injector, solenoid, and line heaters all functioned properly during DEF fluid injection. CAN and standard serial communications were used for Arduino and Matlab/Simulink based control and data logging software. Initial testing demonstrated partial and full NOx reduction. Overspray saturated the catalyst and demonstrated the production NOx sensor’s cross-sensitivity to ammonia. The ammonia was indistinguishable from NOx during saturation and motivates incorporation of a separate ammonia sensor.

Testing of Syntroleum Synthetic Diesels in Diesel Generators Suitable for Alaska

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aseem Telang ◽  
Dennis Witmer ◽  
Chuen-Sen Lin ◽  
Jack Schmid ◽  
Thomas Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Gas To Liquids

Sulfur free synthetic diesel fuels can be produced using gas to liquids (GTL) technology, and may prove useful as a substitute for conventional diesel fuels when oil reserves are depleted. With non-detectable amounts of sulfur and aromatics, these fuels should generate lower emissions and enable catalytic clean up. This paper presents the results of a durability test conducted on a Detroit Diesel Series 50 diesel engine-generator operating on two synthetic GTL diesel fuels. Besides providing a comparison of diesel emissions, the paper also provides a comparison of generator fuel efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption between the synthetic fuels and conventional diesel. Documented emissions include total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). All tests on the diesel engine reported were conducted at the factory set injection timing. As the best performance of an engine on a particular fuel may be affected by injection timing, further tests of the synthetic fuels at different injection timings are needed and will be discussed in future work.

Light Duty Diesels—The Emissions Challenge

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Engine Development ◽  
Emission Legislation

Further restrictions of automotive diesel emissions are planned for European Economic Community countries at the end of 1992 and in North America for 1994. The effect of changes in emission legislation on engine development is reviewed. This paper also examines these standards and the technologies that are being applied to light duty automotive diesel engines. Combustion systems, fuel injection equipment, exhaust gas recirculation and oxidation catalysts are areas where development is reaping benefits in reducing diesel emissions.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in flames, in diesel fuels, and in diesel emissions

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Dobbins ◽  
Robert A. Fletcher ◽  
Bruce A. Benner ◽  
Stephen Hoeft
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Diesel Particulate Emissions: Landmark Research 1994-2001

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Light Duty

The need for manufacturers to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mobile source diesel emissions standards for on-highway light duty and heavy duty vehicles has been the driving force for the control of diesel particulate and NOx emissions reductions. Diesel Particulate Emissions: Landmark Research 1994-2001 contains the latest research and development findings that will help guide engineers to achieve low particulate emissions from future engines. Based on extensive SAE literature from the past seven years, the 45 papers in this book have been selected from the SAE Transactions Journals.

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