Cooperative Evaluation of Techniques for Measuring Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide - A Report of the Program Group on Diesel Exhaust Composition of the Air Pollution Advisory Committee of the Coordinating Research Council, Inc.

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Perez ◽  
L. C. Broering ◽  
John H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Cooperative Evaluation

scholarly journals Assessment of Air Pollution from Household Solid Waste Open Burning in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirataya Pansuk ◽  
Agapol Junpen ◽  
Savitri Garivait
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Household Solid Waste ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent ◽  
Equivalent Carbon

The purpose of this study was to assess household solid waste management in areas governed by local administrative organizations (LAOs). The obtained results would be used to assess the amount of air pollution emitted from household solid waste open burning. A survey was employed, through the use of questionnaires, to collect data from a random sample of 4300 households residing in areas governed by 96 LAOs. According to the results, it was evident that a total of 26.17 Mt of solid waste were generated per year, of which 6.39 Mt/year was not collected by the LAOs and was eliminated by households. Moreover, the percentage of waste burned on or outside the households’ property was 53.7%, or an equivalent of 3.43 Mt/year of solid waste burned in open areas. In addition, it was found that 0.66 Mt/year of solid waste collected by the LAOs was burned in open areas and was not eliminated properly. Hence, the total amount of solid waste from these two sources was 4.09 Mt/year, which resulted in the emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, and particulate matter of 1247.3 kt/year, 103.0 kt/year, 1.2 kt/year, 7.4 kt/year, and 19.6 kt/year, respectively.

At high cardiac output, diesel exhaust exposure increases pulmonary vascular resistance and decreases distensibility of pulmonary resistive vessels

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (12) ◽  
pp. H2137-H2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Wauters ◽  
Marco Vicenzi ◽  
Benjamin De Becker ◽  
Jean-Philippe Riga ◽  
Fatemeh Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Stress Echocardiography ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Dobutamine Stress ◽  
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
High Cardiac Output ◽  
The Mean

Air pollution has recently been associated with the development of acute decompensated heart failure, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. A pulmonary vasoconstrictor effect of air pollution, combined with its systemic effects, may precipitate decompensated heart failure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) under resting and stress conditions but also to determine whether air pollution may potentiate acquired pulmonary hypertension. Eighteen healthy male volunteers were exposed to ambient air (AA) or dilute DE with a particulate matter of <2.5 μm concentration of 300 μg/m3 for 2 h in a randomized, crossover study design. The effects of DE on PVR, on the coefficient of distensibilty of pulmonary vessels (α), and on right and left ventricular function were evaluated at rest ( n = 18), during dobutamine stress echocardiography ( n = 10), and during exercise stress echocardiography performed in hypoxia ( n = 8). Serum endothelin-1 and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were also measured. At rest, exposure to DE did not affect PVR. During dobutamine stress, the slope of the mean pulmonary artery pressure-cardiac output relationship increased from 2.8 ± 0.5 mmHg·min·l−1 in AA to 3.9 ± 0.5 mmHg·min·l−1 in DE ( P < 0.05) and the α coefficient decreased from 0.96 ± 0.15 to 0.64 ± 0.12%/mmHg ( P < 0.01). DE did not further enhance the hypoxia-related upper shift of the mean pulmonary artery pressure-cardiac output relationship. Exposure to DE did not affect serum endothelin-1 concentration or fractional exhaled nitric oxide. In conclusion, acute exposure to DE increased pulmonary vasomotor tone by decreasing the distensibility of pulmonary resistive vessels at high cardiac output.

scholarly journals AIR POLLUTION AT PARKING‐LOTS OF VILNIUS

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrenas ◽  
Danguole Kaziukoniene ◽  
Mindaugas Kvasauskas
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Parking Facilities

The expansion of Vilnius creates the need for the installation of new parking facilities. This problem could be solved by establishing guarded parking‐lots or modern underground and multi‐storey garages, in order to economize useful land and comply with the requirements of environmentalists. Investigation was carried out on parking‐lots of Vilnius. All the guarded parking‐lots are divided into three types in accordance with the size of the lot and the type of vehicles parked on it. Measurements were carried out at a lot of each type. The concentrations of hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and dust were measured. Guarded parking‐lots located at the crossroad of Ateities and L. Giros streets, on Architektu and Č. Sugiharos streets were selected for the investigation. The parking‐lot located at the crossroad of Ateities and L. Giros streets had the highest concentration of nitric oxide overrunning the permitted concentration up to 1,9 times. Besides, the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons also overran the permitted norms. The lowest concentrations were found after measuring dust concentration in the air.

Ultra-Low Amounts of Palladium (0.005-0.05 Wt% Pd) Supported on Titania: Remarkable Low-Temperature Activity for NO Reduction with CO and Structure-Function Property Relationships in Methane Oxidation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Khivantsev ◽  
Libor Kovarik ◽  
Nicholas R. Jaegers ◽  
János Szanyi ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Methane Steam Reforming ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Methane Steam ◽  
Anatase Titania ◽  
Nitric Oxide Reduction

<p>Atomically dispersed Pd +2 cations with ultra-dilute loading of palladium (0.005-0.05 wt%) were anchored on anatase titania and characterized with FTIR, microscopy and catalytic tests. CO infrared adsorption produces a sharp, narrow mono-carbonyl Pd(II)-CO band at ~2,130 cm<sup>-1</sup> indicating formation of highly uniform and stable Pd+2 ions on anatase titania. The 0.05 wt% Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> sample was evaluated for methane combustion under dry and wet (industrially relevant) conditions in the presence and absence of carbon monoxide. Notably, we find the isolated palladium atoms respond dynamically upon oxygen concentration modulation (switching-on and switching off). When oxygen is removed from the wet methane stream, palladium ions are reduced to metallic state by methane and catalyze methane steam reforming instead of complete methane oxidation. Re-admission of oxygen restores Pd<sup>+2</sup> cations and switches off methane steam reforming activity. Moreover, 0.05 wt% Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> is a competent CO oxidation catalyst in the presence of water steam with 90% CO conversion and TOF ~ 4,000 hr<sup>-1</sup> at 260 ⁰C. </p><p>More importantly, we find that diluting 0.05 wt% Pd/titania sample with titania to ultra-low 0.005 wt% palladium loading produces a remarkably active material for nitric oxide reduction with carbon monoxide under industrially relevant conditions with >90% conversion of nitric oxide at 180 ⁰C (~460 ppm NO and 150 L/g*hr flow rate in the presence of >2% water steam) and TOF ~6,000 hr<sup>-1</sup>. Pd thus outperforms state-of-the-art rhodium containing catalysts with (15-20 times higher rhodium loading; rhodium is ~ 3 times more expensive than palladium). Furthermore, palladium catalysts are more selective towards nitrogen and produce significantly less ammonia relative to the more traditional rhodium catalysts due to lower Pd amount nd lower water-gas-shift activity. Our study is the first example of utilizing ultra-low (0.05 wt% and less) noble metal (Pd) amounts to produce heterogeneous catalysts with extraordinary activity for nitric oxide reduction. This opens up a pathway to study other Pd, Pt and Rh containing materials with ultra-low loadings of expensive noble metals dispersed on titania or titania-coated oxides for industrially relevant nitric oxide abatement.</p>

Environmental and Hygienic Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution in Oil-Producing and Oil-Refining Areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan and Population Health Status

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
N.R. Rahmatullin ◽  
E.G. Stepanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Total Suspended Particles

Introduction. High density of oil-producing and refining facilities in certain areas of Bashkortostan significantly affects the environment including ambient air quality in residential areas. Materials and methods. We analyzed concentrations of airborne toxicants (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, nitrogen and carbon oxides, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, xylenes, toluene, phenol and total suspended particles) and population health status in the cities of Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Blagoveshchensk, and the Tuymazinsky District in 2007–2016. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were used to establish possible relationships between medico-demographic indicators and air pollution. Results. Republican fuel and energy enterprises contributed the most to local air pollution levels. Gross emissions from such enterprises as Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim and Bashneft-Navoil reached 43.69–49.77 thousand tons of pollutants per year. The levels of some air pollutants exceeded their maximum permissible concentrations. Elevated concentrations of ammonia, total suspended particles, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide were registered most frequently. High rates of congenital abnormalities, respiratory diseases in infants (aged 0-1), general mortality and morbidity of the population were observed in some oil-producing and refining areas. The correlation analysis proved the relationship between the concentration of carbon monoxide and general disease rates in adults based on hospital admissions (r = 0.898), general incidence rates in children (r = 0.957), and blood disease rates in infants (r = 0.821). Respiratory diseases in children correlated with nitrogen dioxide emission levels (r = 0.899). Conclusions. Further development of oil-producing, petrochemical and oil-refining industries should be carried out taking into account socio-economic living conditions of the population.

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