scholarly journals A Review of the Requirements for Injection Systems and the Effects of Fuel Quality on Particulate Emissions from GDI Engines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Leach ◽  
Tobias Knorsch ◽  
Christoph Laidig ◽  
Wolfram Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Gdi Engines

A Novel CFD Approach for an Improved Prediction of Particulate Emissions in GDI Engines by Considering the Spray-Cooling on the Piston

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Köpple ◽  
Paul Jochmann ◽  
Alexander Hettinger ◽  
Andreas Kufferath ◽  
Michael Bargende
Keyword(s):  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Gdi Engines

Flame Analysis Techniques for Particulate Emissions Development of GDI Engines

MTZ worldwide ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Michael Koegeler ◽  
Khai Vidmar ◽  
Ernst Winklhofer
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Gdi Engines

Particulate Bound Trace Metals and Soot Morphology of Gasohol Fueled Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
Rashmi A. Agarwal ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gdi Engine ◽  
Gdi Engines

Direct injection spark ignition or gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are superior in terms of relatively higher thermal efficiency and power output compared to multipoint port fuel injection engines and direct injection diesel engines. In this study, a 500 cc single cylinder GDI engine was used for experiments. Three gasohol blends (15% (v/v) ethanol/methanol/butanol with 85% (v/v) gasoline) were chosen for this experimental study and were characterized to determine their important fuel properties. For particulate investigations, exhaust particles were collected on a quartz filter paper using a partial flow dilution tunnel. Comparative investigations for particulate mass emissions, trace metal concentrations, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) imaging of the particulate samples collected from different test fuels at different engine loads were performed. For majority of the experimental conditions, gasohols showed relatively lower trace metal concentration in particulates compared to gasoline. HR-TEM images showed that higher engine loads and presence of oxygen in the test fuels increased the soot reactivity. Multicore shells like structures were visible in the HR-TEM images due to growth of nuclei, and rapid soot formation due to relatively higher temperature and pressure environment of the engine combustion chamber. Researches world-over are trying to reduce particulate emissions from GDI engines; however there is a vast research gap for such investigations related to gasohol fueled GDI engines. This paper critically assesses and highlights comparative morphological characteristics of gasohol fueled GDI engine.

scholarly journals Comparison of emissions from smokeless coal combustion in a household heating boiler used in Central Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Knigawka ◽  
P. Pianko-Oprych ◽  
K. Krpec ◽  
L. Kuboňová
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the fuel quality and the gaseous and particulate pollutant emissions generated from a hot-water boiler during the combustion of different types of innovative processed fuels: smokeless coal, smokeless briquettes 1–3, smokeless pellets and unprocessed hard coal. The aim of our research was to prove the presumption that smokeless processed coals produce less gaseous and particulate emissions. By using modern fuels in already used and manufactured older boilers, there is a possibility to significantly reduce emissions of organic gaseous compounds (OGC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The emission situation in the heating season can be significantly improved even without costly production, and thus consumption of natural resources and energy, and installation of modern boilers. Physical and chemical characterization of solid-fuel samples, including determination of moisture content, ash, volatile organic content, calorific value and elemental composition analysis, were performed. Fuels were burned in one type of hot-water boiler class 1 according to EN 303-5 to determine the impact of applied fuel types on pollutant emissions. The pollutant emissions were characterized by the contents of gaseous components: nitrogen oxides NOx, sulfur dioxide SO2, carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO2, organic gaseous compounds OGC and particle components: total suspended particles TSP, particulate matter less than 2.5 µm and 10 µm (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs in both phases. The emission factors from six types of fuel were compared with applicable European standards. The lowest NOx content was observed for smokeless briquette 1, while the lowest SO2 content was observed for smokeless pellets. The emission of CO was at a similarly low level of 200 g/kg for smokeless briquette 1, smokeless briquette 2 and hard coal. Gaseous and pollutant emissions described by PM2.5 and TSP were observed to be the lowest for smokeless coal, smokeless briquette 1 and smokeless briquette 2.

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