Particulate Bound Trace Metals and Soot Morphology of Gasohol Fueled Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
Rashmi A. Agarwal ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gdi Engine ◽  
Gdi Engines

Direct injection spark ignition or gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are superior in terms of relatively higher thermal efficiency and power output compared to multipoint port fuel injection engines and direct injection diesel engines. In this study, a 500 cc single cylinder GDI engine was used for experiments. Three gasohol blends (15% (v/v) ethanol/methanol/butanol with 85% (v/v) gasoline) were chosen for this experimental study and were characterized to determine their important fuel properties. For particulate investigations, exhaust particles were collected on a quartz filter paper using a partial flow dilution tunnel. Comparative investigations for particulate mass emissions, trace metal concentrations, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) imaging of the particulate samples collected from different test fuels at different engine loads were performed. For majority of the experimental conditions, gasohols showed relatively lower trace metal concentration in particulates compared to gasoline. HR-TEM images showed that higher engine loads and presence of oxygen in the test fuels increased the soot reactivity. Multicore shells like structures were visible in the HR-TEM images due to growth of nuclei, and rapid soot formation due to relatively higher temperature and pressure environment of the engine combustion chamber. Researches world-over are trying to reduce particulate emissions from GDI engines; however there is a vast research gap for such investigations related to gasohol fueled GDI engines. This paper critically assesses and highlights comparative morphological characteristics of gasohol fueled GDI engine.

Idle Speed Control for GDI Engines with Interval Time-Delay

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 1598-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Li ◽  
Wei Hong ◽  
Yan Su
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Idle Speed ◽  
Idle Speed Control ◽  
Interval Delay ◽  
Gdi Engine ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gdi Engines

The gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is a highly non-linear and a delayed system. The engine modle with time-delays is derived. The delays consist of an intake to torque production state delay and a network -induced interval delay. Base on the Liapunov-Krasovskii function, the criterion of interval delay control system is proposed, which ensure the idle speed control system is stability as well as robust. The simulation results show that the H∞ control has good robustness,which improves the stability of the idle speed of the GDI engine.

Particulate Emission Reduction by Fuel Injection Timing Optimization in a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Fuel Injection Timing ◽  
Gdi Engine

Abstract Optimized fuel injection timings in internal combustion (IC) engines exhibit superior performance, combustion characteristics, and lower emissions. Particularly, particulate emissions from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine are highly dependent on fuel injection timings. GDI engines have emerged as a popular choice of powerplants for automobiles among customers. They are preferred over multiple-port fuel injection (MPFI) engines in the transport sector because of their superior fuel economy and performance characteristics. The main objective of this study was to optimize a GDI engine for the lowest particulate emission at different fuel injection timings. GDI engine was investigated for particulate matter (PM) mass/ particulate number (PN) emissions at five fuel injection timings (230, 250, 270, 290, 310 °btdc), which covered the entire envelope. Once the optimum fuel injection timing was determined, an engine exhaust particle sizer was used to measure the particle size-number distribution. Particulate samples from the engine were also collected on the filter paper for morphological investigations of particulates collected under optimized fuel injection timings. These experiments confirmed the importance and need to optimize the fuel injection timings at every engine operating point to reduce the PM/PN emissions from a GDI engine, which remains one of the biggest challenges to this technology.

scholarly journals Catalytic Materials for Gasoline Particulate Filters Soot Oxidation

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Roberto Matarrese
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Gdi Engine ◽  
Gdi Engines

The energy efficiency of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines is leading to a continuous increase in GDI engine vehicle population. Consequently, their particulate matter (soot) emissions are also becoming a matter of concern. As required for diesel engines, to meet the limits set by regulations, catalyzed particulate filters are considered as an effective solution through which soot could be trapped and burnt out. However, in contrast to diesel application, the regeneration of gasoline particulate filters (GPF) is critical, as it occurs with almost an absence of NOx and under oxygen deficiency. Therefore, in the recent years it was of scientific interest to develop efficient soot oxidation catalysts that fit such particular gasoline operating conditions. Among them ceria- and perovskite-based formulations are emerging as the most promising materials. This overview summarizes the very recent academic contributions focusing on soot oxidation materials for GDI, in order to point out the most promising directions in this research area.

scholarly journals Effects of lubricant-fuel mixing on particle emissions in a single cylinder direct injection spark ignition engine

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoseung Yi ◽  
Jihwan Seo ◽  
Young Soo Yu ◽  
Yunsung Lim ◽  
Sanguk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Wall Film ◽  
Gdi Engines

AbstractGasoline direct injection (GDI) engines emit less carbon dioxide (CO2) than port fuel injection (PFI) engines when fossil fuel conditions are the same. However, GDI engines emit more ultrafine particulate matter, which can have negative health effects, leading to particulate emission regulations. To satisfy these regulations, various studies have been done to reduce particulate matter, and several studies focused on lubricants. This study focuses on the influence of lubricant on the formation of particulate matter and its effect on particulate emissions in GDI engines. An instrumented, combustion and optical singe-cylinder GDI engine fueled by four different lubricant-gasoline blends was used with various injection conditions. Combustion experiments were used to determine combustion characteristics, and gaseous emissions indicated that the lubricant did not influence mixture homogeneity but had an impact on unburned fuels. Optical experiments showed that the lubricant did not influence spray but did influence wall film formation during the injection period, which is a major factor affecting particulate matter generation. Particulate emissions indicated that lubricant included in the wall film significantly affected PN emissions depending on injection conditions. Additionally, the wall film influenced by the lubricant affected the overall particle size and its distribution.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Relationship between Super-Knock and Misfires in an SI GDI Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2099
Author(s):  
Jian Gao ◽  
Anren Yao ◽  
Yeyi Zhang ◽  
Guofan Qu ◽  
Chunde Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Fluctuation ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Exhaust Valve ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Gdi Engine ◽  
The Relationship

The super-knock poses new challenges for further increasing the power density of spark ignition (SI) engines. The critical factors and mechanism connecting regarding the occurrence of super-knock are still unclear. Misfire is a common phenomenon in SI engines that the mixture in cylinder is not ignited normally, which is often caused by spark plug failure. However, the effect of misfire on engine combustion has not been paid enough attention to, particularly regarding connection to super-knock. The paper presents the results of experimental investigation into the relationship between super-knock and misfires at low speed and full load conditions. In this work, a boosted gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine with an exhaust manifold integrated in the cylinder head was employed. Four piezoelectric pressure transducers were used to acquire the data of a pressure trace in cylinder. The spark plugs of four cylinders were controlled manually, of which the ignition system could be cut off as demanded. In particular, a piezoelectric pressure transducer was installed at the exhaust pipe before the turbocharger to capture the pressure traces in the exhaust pipe. The results illustrated that misfires in one cylinder would cause super-knock in the other cylinders as well as the cylinder of itself. After one cylinder misfired, the unburned mixture would burn in the exhaust pipe to produce oscillating waves. The abnormal pressure fluctuation in the exhaust pipe was strongly correlated with the occurrence of super-knock. The sharper the pressure fluctuation, the greater the intensity of knock in the power cylinder. The cylinder whose exhaust valve overlapped with the exhaust valve of the misfired cylinder was prone to super-knock.

Experimental and numerical analyses of the combustion process in a direct injection gasoline engine

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Reissing ◽  
H Peters ◽  
J. M. Kech ◽  
U Spicher
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Gasoline Engine ◽  
Gdi Engines

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) spark ignition engine technology is advancing at a rapid rate. The development and optimization of GDI engines requires new experimental methods and numerical models to analyse the in-cylinder processes. Therefore the objective of this paper is to present numerical and experimental methods to analyse the combustion process in GDI engines. The numerical investigation of a four-stroke three-valve GDI engine was performed with the code KIVA-3V [1]. For the calculation of the turbulent combustion a model for partially premixed combustion, developed and implemented by Kech [4], was used. The results of the numerical investigation are compared to experimental results, obtained using an optical fibre technique in combination with spectroscopic temperature measurements under different engine conditions. This comparison shows good agreement in temporal progression of pressure. Both the numerical simulation and the experimental investigation predicted comparable combustion phenomena.

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