Development of an Out-of-Plane Flexible Ring Tire Model Compared with Commercial FTire® Via Virtual Cleat Tests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Xiaobo Yang ◽  
James Yang
Keyword(s):  
Tire Model ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Flexible Ring

In-Plane Flexible Ring Tire Model—Part 1: Modeling and Parameter Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Xiaobo Yang ◽  
James Yang ◽  
Yunqing Zhang ◽  
Zeyu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Static Load ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
Virtual Test ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Particle Swarm Method ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Flexible Ring

ABSTRACT The tire model is essential for accurate and efficient vehicle dynamic simulation. In this article, an in-plane flexible ring tire model is proposed, in which the tire is composed of a rigid rim, a number of discretized lumped mass belt points, and numerous massless tread blocks attached on the belt. One set of tire model parameters is identified by approaching the predicted results with ADAMS® FTire virtual test results for one particular cleat test through the particle swarm method using MATLAB®. Based on the identified parameters, the tire model is further validated by comparing the predicted results with FTire for the static load-deflection tests and other cleat tests. Finally, several important aspects regarding the proposed model are discussed.

In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Dynamic Response Predictions of a Truck Tire Using Detailed Finite Element and Rigid Ring Models

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokyong Chae ◽  
Fredrik O¨ijer ◽  
Mustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Mukesh Trivedi ◽  
Inge Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Tire Models

A detailed nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model of a radial-ply truck tire, 295/75R22.5, has been developed using explicit FEA simulation software, PAM-SHOCK. For the validation of the model, the tire model predictions of contact patch area, vertical stiffness, and cornering characteristics, such as cornering force and aligning moment versus slip angle, at different vertical loads are in good agreement with available physical measurements. For complete vehicle simulations, a simplified rigid ring tire model is required for efficient analysis throughput. The behavior of such a tire model can be verified and improved by comparing responses with the developed FEA model. Moreover, the in-plane and out-of-plane tire parameters needed for the simplified rigid ring tire model could be virtually determined at various vertical loads by testing the FEA tire model instead of performing expensive tire parameters measurements. The in-plane and out-of-plane tire parameters are implemented into a simplified rigid ring tire model to perform durability tests. The durability tests are conducted to examine dynamic behaviors by using the FEA truck tire and the rigid ring tire models during running on a water drainage ditch at various vertical tire loads. The ditch is 12.0-cm (4.72-in) deep and lies in 45-degree angle against tire traveling direction. The dynamic responses such as vertical displacement, forces, and moments at tire center are predicted using both tire models. The results obtained from both models are in reasonable agreement.

A New Analytical Tire Model for Cornering Simulation. Part I: Cornering Power and Self-Aligning Torque Power2

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kabe ◽  
N. Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Nonlinear Least Squares ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Load Dependence ◽  
Negative Feedback Loops ◽  
Torque Transmission ◽  
Torque Generation ◽  
Out Of Plane

Abstract A new analytical tire model for cornering power (CP) and self-aligning torque power (SATP) is proposed on the basis of the Fiala model. In a pneumatic tire, the self-deformation by the transmission of force and torque is so large to influence recursively the force and torque generation during cornering. Then CP and SATP have negative feedback loops: As CP and SATP increase, the steering transmission loss by the tire self-deformation also increases to depress further increments of CP and SATP. The present model, the CP∕SATP system model, analytically describes the force and torque transmission with feedback loops by taking into account not only (i) the shear deformation of the tread rubber and (ii) the in-plane belt deflection, but also (iii) the out-of-plane sidewall rotation. As well as other practical systems with a negative feedback loop, the CP and SATP feedback stabilize the CP and SATP output level at a higher vertical load, and approximates the measured load dependence of CP and SATP with high accuracy. Although the sidewall rotation feedback by SATP has not been considered in conventional cornering studies, its contribution in recent radial tires is shown to be larger than that of belt deflection by CP. The model is applicable to not only the numerical simulation for tire design but also the inverse data analysis of the cornering test. Nonlinear least-squares fittings of the measured data to the model are excellent and give the dynamic estimates of tire-part stiffness.

In-Plane Flexible Ring Tire Model Validation Through ADAMS FTire Model Virtual Tests

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Xiaobo Yang ◽  
Ankang Jin ◽  
Yunqing Zhang ◽  
James Yang
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Rectangular Shape ◽  
Quarter Car Model ◽  
Car Model ◽  
Geometric Center ◽  
Quarter Car ◽  
Flexible Ring

This paper presents the validation for the newly developed in-plane flexible ring tire model by using ADAMS FTire model simulation. The developed in-plane model is unique in two aspects: (1) the neighboring belt segments are connected through normal and tangential directions by springs and dampers, each belt segment is a rigid body and its mass is accumulated at its geometric center. Each belt segment is always perpendicular to the line formed by the wheel center and the belt geometric center, thus there is no rotational constrains between the neighboring belt segments; (2) the representation of the tangential friction force between the tire and the road is defined through the multiplication of the normal contact force and the friction coefficient. And the friction coefficient is obtained based on an empirical model of the tire slip. For validation, a quarter-car model first runs on a flat road with a constant velocity (40km/h) and then rides over a rectangular shape obstacle to identify the tire parameters based on the virtual tests of Gipser’s FTire model in ADAMS. Then the quarter-car model runs on a flat road with 4–5 different conditions to ride over each obstacle: rectangular shape, triangular shape, half circle, and trapezoid. Simulation results for the new in-plane flexible ring model are compared with virtual test results from ADAMS FTire model on the same road and velocity condition for the tire patch contact forces in horizontal and longitudinal directions respectively based on the SAE standard J2812. Note that this study is the first time that the new SAE standard J2812 is used for model validation. After the validation, two important aspects have been investigated: (1) What is the minimum height of each obstacle shape so that the parameter identification will have minimum equipment loads? (2) What should the minimum number of belt segments be for each obstacle shape? The above two aspects are useful for tire model end users and tire experimental experts in real world applications.

Prediction of Out-of-Plane Rigid Ring Truck Tire Model Parameters Over Flooded Surface Using FEA-SPH Techniques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab El-Sayegh ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Inge Johansson ◽  
Fredrik Öijer
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Ring Model ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Out Of Plane

Abstract This paper focuses on predicting the out-of-plane rigid ring model parameters of an off-road truck tire running over a flooded surface. The truck tire size 315/80R22.5 used in this study is modeled using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) technique and validated in static and dynamic responses. The flooded surface is modeled using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) technique and Murnaghan equation of state. The contact between the truck tire and a flooded surface is defined using node-symmetric node-to segment contact with edge treatment algorithm. The out-of-plane rigid ring tire model parameters include the lateral stiffness, cornering stiffness, self-aligning moment stiffness, and relaxation length. The out-of-plane rigid ring model parameters are computed at different operating conditions including various inflation pressures, vertical loads and water depth. The effect of the previously mentioned operating conditions on the tire-flooded surface interaction is examined and investigated.

scholarly journals Development of the Flexible Ring on an Elastic Continuous Foundation Tire Model for Planar Vibration of the Heavy Load Radial Tire

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2064
Author(s):  
Zhihao Liu ◽  
Qinhe Gao ◽  
Hailong Niu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Kinematic Characteristic ◽  
Vibration Characteristic ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Coupling Vibration ◽  
Radial Tire ◽  
Planar Vibration ◽  
Flexible Ring

This paper investigates the planar vibration characteristic of heavy load radial tires with a large flat ratio. A proposed tire model with a flexible ring on an elastic continuous foundation is investigated utilizing kinematic modeling and experimental modal analysis. Planar coupling deformation of the radial and tangential direction is considered to enrich the kinematic characteristic of the flexible belt and the continuous sidewall; a flexible ring on an elastic continuous foundation tire model is proposed to investigate the coupling vibration characteristic between the flexible belt and the continuous sidewall. In-extensibility assumption is utilized to simplify the proposed tire model and the planar vibration modal features of the heavy load radial tire are discussed. The variation of the inflation pressure on the radial and tangential stiffness of the sidewall spring model is enriched into the flexible ring on an elastic continuous foundation tire model to extend the modal prediction of the tires with a different inflation pressure. Taking the relative error between the experimental and analytical modal resonance frequency of the tested tire with a different inflation pressure as the object value, structural parameters of the proposed tire model are identified by a backward genetic algorithm. Experimental and theoretical results show that: the planar coupling vibration characteristic of the heavy load radial tire can be predicted precisely with the flexible ring on an elastic continuous foundation tire model; meanwhile, considering the linear variations of the radial and tangential sidewall stiffness due to the inflation pressure, the proposed tire model can be extended to analyze the vibration characteristic of the heavy load radial tire with a different inflation pressure.

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