Prediction of Out-of-Plane Rigid Ring Truck Tire Model Parameters Over Flooded Surface Using FEA-SPH Techniques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab El-Sayegh ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Inge Johansson ◽  
Fredrik Öijer
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Ring Model ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Out Of Plane

Abstract This paper focuses on predicting the out-of-plane rigid ring model parameters of an off-road truck tire running over a flooded surface. The truck tire size 315/80R22.5 used in this study is modeled using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) technique and validated in static and dynamic responses. The flooded surface is modeled using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) technique and Murnaghan equation of state. The contact between the truck tire and a flooded surface is defined using node-symmetric node-to segment contact with edge treatment algorithm. The out-of-plane rigid ring tire model parameters include the lateral stiffness, cornering stiffness, self-aligning moment stiffness, and relaxation length. The out-of-plane rigid ring model parameters are computed at different operating conditions including various inflation pressures, vertical loads and water depth. The effect of the previously mentioned operating conditions on the tire-flooded surface interaction is examined and investigated.

In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Dynamic Response Predictions of a Truck Tire Using Detailed Finite Element and Rigid Ring Models

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokyong Chae ◽  
Fredrik O¨ijer ◽  
Mustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Mukesh Trivedi ◽  
Inge Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Tire Models

A detailed nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model of a radial-ply truck tire, 295/75R22.5, has been developed using explicit FEA simulation software, PAM-SHOCK. For the validation of the model, the tire model predictions of contact patch area, vertical stiffness, and cornering characteristics, such as cornering force and aligning moment versus slip angle, at different vertical loads are in good agreement with available physical measurements. For complete vehicle simulations, a simplified rigid ring tire model is required for efficient analysis throughput. The behavior of such a tire model can be verified and improved by comparing responses with the developed FEA model. Moreover, the in-plane and out-of-plane tire parameters needed for the simplified rigid ring tire model could be virtually determined at various vertical loads by testing the FEA tire model instead of performing expensive tire parameters measurements. The in-plane and out-of-plane tire parameters are implemented into a simplified rigid ring tire model to perform durability tests. The durability tests are conducted to examine dynamic behaviors by using the FEA truck tire and the rigid ring tire models during running on a water drainage ditch at various vertical tire loads. The ditch is 12.0-cm (4.72-in) deep and lies in 45-degree angle against tire traveling direction. The dynamic responses such as vertical displacement, forces, and moments at tire center are predicted using both tire models. The results obtained from both models are in reasonable agreement.

Off-Road Tire-Soil Modeling Using Finite Element Analysis Technique

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Slade ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Ryan Lescoe ◽  
Fredrik O¨ijer ◽  
Mukesh Trivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Published Data ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Dense Sand ◽  
Ring Model ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Wheel Model ◽  
Soil Flow

A new rigid ring model with additional parameters was developed to model an off-road tire running on soil. In order to create this new rigid ring model, an FEA off-road truck tire was created and used to determine the in-plane and out-of-plane parameters for a tire running on soil. The soil, dense sand in this case, was modeled as an elastic-plastic solid with material properties obtained from published data. The longitudinal forces and the normal stress and shear stress distributions in the soil are compared with published data as preliminary validation. The general trends of soil flow from a rigid wheel model running on soil were used to validate the soil model. In addition, a model of a standard circular plate was used to determine the vertical pressure-sinkage curves and then these simulations were compared with available published measured data.

Development of In-Plane Truck Tire-Flooded Surface Interaction Models Using FEA-SPH Techniques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab El-Sayegh ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Inge Johansson ◽  
Fredrik Öijer
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Smoothed Particle

The performance of a vehicle highly depends on the tire-terrain interaction characteristics. The terrain on which a vehicle operates can vary dramatically. This paper focuses on the evaluation of an in-plane truck tire performance running over the flooded surface. The truck tire is modeled using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) technique and validated against measured data. The water is modeled using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), which includes water material properties. The tire-terrain interaction algorithm is defined using node-symmetric node-to-segment contact with edge treatment. The performance characteristics of the interaction include the rolling resistance coefficient, vertical, longitudinal tread and longitudinal tire stiffnesses. The simulations are repeated for several operating conditions such as inflation pressure, applied vertical load, and water depth. The flooded surface results are compared with previously published data. This work will be extended to include the prediction of the full in-plane and out-of-plane rigid ring tire model parameters while the tire is operating under various conditions.

Techniques for Determining the Parameters of a Two-Dimensional Tire Model for the Study of Ride Comfort

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mancosu ◽  
G. Matrascia ◽  
F. Cheli
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Ring Model ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
And Performance

Abstract A rigid ring model of the tire for the study of in-plane dynamics and a new technique for determining the parameters of the model are presented in this paper. This model can be used for studying the comfort of vehicles, problems of driving, and braking problems in the longitudinal direction. Comparison with finite element models shows that the rigid ring model of the tire is capable of describing the in-plane eigenmode shapes in the frequency range of 0–130 Hz. The well-known “brush model,” integrated into the tire model, is introduced to take into account the slide phenomena in the contact patch. The parameters of the model can be correlated with the physical properties of the tire so that designers can take advantage of such a correlation in the development of new tires in terms of time, cost, and performance. The technique used to determine the parameters of the model for some automobile tires include the direct measurements of some physical properties (mass, moment of inertia, stiffness) and a method of identification applied on the results from a dynamic test. The model is able to predict experimental data in terms of natural frequencies and relative dampings. Results from the application of this technique on two tires are reported.

Three-dimensional vibration of a ring with a noncircular cross-section on an elastic foundation

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (13) ◽  
pp. 2381-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Fuqiang Zhou ◽  
Christian Oertel ◽  
Yintao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Foundation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Formula ◽  
Variation Principle ◽  
Displacement Fields ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Noncircular Cross Section ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Out Of Plane

The three-dimensional dynamic equations of a ring with a noncircular cross-section on an elastic foundation are obtained using the Hamilton variation principle. In contrast to the previous rings on elastic foundation model, the developed model incorporates both the in-plane and out-of-plane bend and the out-of-plane torsion in displacement fields. The errors in the derivation of the initial stress and the work of the internal pressure in previous rings on elastic foundation models have been corrected. The mode expansion was used to obtain the analytical solution of the natural frequency. The initial motivation is to develop a theoretical model for car tire dynamics. Therefore, to validate the proposed model, the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations of a truck tire have been analyzed using the proposed method. To further verify the accuracy of the model, the results of the theoretical formula are compared with the finite element analysis and modal test, and good agreement can be found.

Dynamic Response Predictions of Quarter-Vehicle Models Using FEA and Rigid Ring Truck Tire Models

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokyong Chae ◽  
James Allen ◽  
Fredrik O¨ijer ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Mukesh Trivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Front Axle ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Dynamic Coupling ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Tire Models

In this paper two finite element analysis (FEA) quarter-vehicle models (QVMs) are constructed using developed nonlinear 3-and 4-groove tread FEA radial-ply truck tire models. In addition to the FEA models, a rigid ring QVM is developed to observe the dynamic response of the rigid ring tire model under the effect of the sprung mass vertical motions. The rigid ring tire model was created in the authors' previous studies. In the rigid ring QVM, the suspension characteristics are similar to that used in the FEA QVMs. Simulations are conducted using explicit FEA simulation software, PAM-SHOCK. The FEA tire model predictions of contact patch area, static vertical stiffness, first mode of free vertical vibration, and yaw oscillation frequency response are compared with measurements and found to be in good agreement. After the successful validation tasks, the FEA QVMs is subjected to a durability test on a 74 cm-long and 8.6 cm-deep water drainage ditch to observe the dynamic tire responses. Meanwhile, measurements are conducted using a tractor-semitrailer. The vertical acceleration of the front axle that moves vertically together with front tires is measured and compared with the results from the QVMs. The predicted vertical accelerations from the QVMs exhibit similar results in magnitude and trend to each other. However, the measured peak values are lower than those observed from the QVMs due to a dynamic coupling effect from roll and pitch motions. Reasonable agreement between predicted and measured vertical acceleration is observed at higher speeds because the dynamic coupling effect is less significant on the front axle of the tractor-semitrailer at higher speeds. In order to compare the dynamic tire responses of the QVMs with measured values, special test equipment similar to the QVM is required to obtain the actual dynamic tire responses in the same quarter-vehicle environment.

Dynamic Response Predictions of a Truck Tire Using Detailed Finite Element and Rigid Ring Models

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokyong Chae ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Mukesh Trivedi ◽  
Inge Johansson ◽  
Fredrik O¨ijer
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

A detailed nonlinear finite element (FE) model of a radial-ply truck tire has been developed using an explicit FE code, PAM-SHOCK. The tire model was constructed to its extreme complexity with three-dimensional solid, layered membrane, and beam elements. In addition to the tire model itself, a rim model was included and rotated with the tire with proper mass and rotational inertial effects. The predicted tire responses, such as vertical stiffness, cornering force, and aligning moment, correlated very well to physical measurements. For complete vehicle simulations, a faster and simplified tire model is required for efficient analysis through-put. The behavior of such a tire model can be verified and improved by comparing responses with the developed FE model. Moreover, the parameters needed for the simplified model can be determined by the developed model instead of having to rely on tire measurements. The in-plane sidewall transitional stiffness and damping constants of the FE tire model were determined by rotating the tire on a cleat-drum. The other constants, such as in-plane rotational stiffness and damping constants, were determined by applying and releasing a tangential force on the rigid tread band of the FE tire model. The tire axle, spindle, and reaction force histories at longitudinal and vertical directions were recorded. In addition, the FFT algorithm was applied to examine the transient response in frequency domain. The tire steering characteristics were also determined. These parameters were used as input for a simplified rigid ring tire model. This study will discuss the results obtained from both the developed tire and the rigid ring tire models while both models are rolling at 12 mph constant linear speed and loading range of 13,345 N (3,000 lbs) to 53,378 N (12,000 lbs). The dynamic responses for the developed FE tire model were compared with the dynamics predicted using the rigid ring model. The results will show a successful attempt to capture the transient response of a tire rolling over a complex road profile.

Modal and harmonic analysis of three-dimensional wind turbine models

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takwa Sellami ◽  
Hanen Berriri ◽  
A Moumen Darcherif ◽  
Sana Jelassi ◽  
M Faouizi Mimouni
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Micro Turbine

In this article, the dynamic responses of wind turbine systems are analytically and numerically investigated. For this purpose, analytic differential equations of motion of wind turbine components subjected to vibration (the blades, the nacelle, and the tower) are solved. This allows determining their dynamic characteristics, mode shapes, and natural frequencies. Two models of two three-dimensional (3D) micro-turbine that are created by the finite element method are set up using the new version of the academic finite element analysis software ANSYS. The first wind turbine is a standard micro three-bladed turbine and the second one is a micro six-bladed Rutland 504. Their natural frequencies and mode shapes are identified based on the modal analysis principle to check the validity of designed models. Dynamic behaviors at several operating conditions of wind turbines are established. Then, spectrum graphs of the structures along x-, y- and z-axis are analyzed.

Truck Tire Operating Temperatures on Flat and Curved Test Surfaces

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. LaClair ◽  
C. Zarak
Keyword(s):  
Flat Surface ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Pressure ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Endurance Testing ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tread Rubber ◽  
Cylindrical Test

Abstract Operating temperature is critical to the endurance life of a tire. Fundamental differences between operations of a tire on a flat surface, as experienced in normal highway use, and on a cylindrical test drum may result in a substantially higher tire temperature in the latter case. Nonetheless, cylindrical road wheels are widely used in the industry for tire endurance testing. This paper discusses the important effects of surface curvature on truck tire endurance testing and highlights the impact that curvature has on tire operating temperature. Temperature measurements made during testing on flat and curved surfaces under a range of load, pressure and speed conditions are presented. New tires and re-treaded tires of the same casing construction were evaluated to determine the effect that the tread rubber and pattern have on operating temperatures on the flat and curved test surfaces. The results of this study are used to suggest conditions on a road wheel that provide highway-equivalent operating conditions for truck tire endurance testing.

Tread Depth Effects on Tire Rolling Resistance

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Luchini ◽  
M. M. Motil ◽  
W. V. Mars
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Test ◽  
Depth Effects

Abstract This paper discusses the measurement and modeling of tire rolling resistance for a group of radial medium truck tires. The tires were subjected to tread depth modifications by “buffing” the tread surface. The experimental work used the equilibrium test method of SAE J-1269. The finite element analysis (FEA) tire model for tire rolling resistance has been previously presented. The results of the testing showed changes in rolling resistance as a function of tread depth that were inconsistent between tires. Several observations were also inconsistent with published information and common knowledge. Several mechanisms were proposed to explain the results. Additional experiments and models were used to evaluate the mechanisms. Mechanisms that were examined included tire age, surface texture, and tire shape. An explanation based on buffed tread radius, and the resulting changes in footprint stresses, is proposed that explains the observed experimental changes in rolling resistance with tread depth.

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