Lift-Off Lengths in an Optical Heavy-Duty Engine Operated at High Load with Low and High Octane Number Fuels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Lundgren ◽  
Alexios Matamis ◽  
Zhenkan Wang ◽  
Pablo Garcia Valladolid ◽  
Mattias Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Octane Number ◽  
High Load ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
High Octane

scholarly journals Effects of multiple injections on combustion and emissions in a heavy-duty diesel engine at high load and low speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 168781402098462
Author(s):  
Yingying Lu ◽  
Yize Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
High Load ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Multiple Injections ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Main Injection ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Advanced multiple injection strategies have been suggested for compression ignition engines in order to meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations. Experiments and simulations were used to study effects of the main-injection mode (times), the post-injection proportion, and timing on combustion and emissions in a heavy-duty diesel engine at high load and constant low speed. The results reveal the following. The NOx emissions of 1main+1post, 2main+1post, and 3main+1post injections are all lower than those of single injection; the higher the number of main-injection pluses, the lower the NOx emissions. Enough main-post injection interval is needed to ensure post and main injections are relatively independent to entrain more fresh air to decrease the soot. Over-retarded post-injection timing tends to increase the soot due to the lower in-cylinder temperature. The combined effects of formation and oxidation determine the final soot. To gain the best trade-off of NOx and soot, compared with single injection, for the three multiple injections, the lowest soot emissions are gained at post-injection proportions of 15% and post-injection timings of 25°, 30°, and 35° CA ATDC, with soot reductions of 26.7%, −34.5%, and −112.8%, and NOx reductions of 5.88%, 21.2%, and 40.3%, respectively, for 1main+1post, 2main+1post, and 3main+1post injections.

scholarly journals Influence of the diesel pilot injector configuration on ethanol combustion and performance of a heavy-duty direct injection engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110012
Author(s):  
Nicola Giramondi ◽  
Anders Jäger ◽  
Daniel Norling ◽  
Anders Christiansen Erlandsson
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
High Load ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Diesel Combustion ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Ethanol Combustion

Thanks to its properties and production pathways, ethanol represents a valuable alternative to fossil fuels, with potential benefits in terms of CO2, NOx, and soot emission reduction. The resistance to autoignition of ethanol necessitates an ignition trigger in compression-ignition engines for heavy-duty applications, which in the current study is a diesel pilot injection. The simultaneous direct injection of pure ethanol as main fuel and diesel as pilot fuel through separate injectors is experimentally investigated in a heavy-duty single cylinder engine at a low and a high load point. The influence of the nozzle hole number and size of the diesel pilot injector on ethanol combustion and engine performance is evaluated based on an injection timing sweep using three diesel injector configurations. The tested configurations have the same geometric total nozzle area for one, two and four diesel sprays. The relative amount of ethanol injected is swept between 78 – 89% and 91 – 98% on an energy basis at low and high load, respectively. The results show that mixing-controlled combustion of ethanol is achieved with all tested diesel injector configurations and that the maximum combustion efficiency and variability levels are in line with conventional diesel combustion. The one-spray diesel injector is the most robust trigger for ethanol ignition, as it allows to limit combustion variability and to achieve higher combustion efficiencies compared to the other diesel injector configurations. However, the two- and four-spray diesel injectors lead to higher indicated efficiency levels. The observed difference in the ethanol ignition dynamics is evaluated and compared to conventional diesel combustion. The study broadens the knowledge on ethanol mixing-controlled combustion in heavy-duty engines at various operating conditions, providing the insight necessary for the optimization of the ethanol-diesel dual-injection system.

Lift-Off Length in an Optical Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine: Effects of Swirl and Jet-Jet Interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2188-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Lequien ◽  
Zheming Li ◽  
Oivind Andersson ◽  
Mattias Richter
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Jet Interactions

NDE Inspections and Simulation of Defects in Composite-Sintered Bushes

2013 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 582-587
Author(s):  
Kwang Hee Im ◽  
Ki Youl Kim ◽  
Ki Taek Shin ◽  
Han Hee Lee ◽  
To Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
High Load ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Temperature Diffusion ◽  
Load Carrying

Bush is one of machine and automobile parts like brake used in drums and hubs in particular. Such bush parts are used for bearings of heavy-duty, large cars requiring wear resistance and high load carrying capacity. High temperature diffusion bonding has been applied for holding the both materials of the bushing together, which are outer steel materials and inner composite-sintered bushings. Therefore, it is very important evaluate the bonding integrity in manufacturing process. A simulation has been performed in order to evaluate the maximum defect sizes. Also, ultrasonic C-scan tests were performed for finding the defect in the composite-sintered bushings with the size of inherent flaws.

Conversion of biomass derived valerolactone into high octane number gasoline with an ionic liquid

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu Xin ◽  
Dongxia Yan ◽  
Olubunmi Ayodele ◽  
Zhan Zhang ◽  
Xingmei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
High Octane

Biomass-derived γ-valerolactone was converted into high octane number gasoline with SiO2/Al2O3 and [CF3CH2OH2][CF3CH2OBF3] as efficient catalysts.

scholarly journals Conversion of Isoprenoid Oil by Catalytic Cracking and Hydrocracking over Nanoporous Hybrid Catalysts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Kimura ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
Takaaki Maekawa ◽  
Sachio Asaoka
Keyword(s):  
Octane Number ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Hybrid Catalyst ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Hybrid Catalysts ◽  
Microalgae Oil ◽  
High Octane

In order to produce petroleum alternatives from biomass, a significant amount of research has been focused on oils from microalgae due to their origin, which would not affect food availability. Nanoporous hybrid catalysts composed ofnsAl2O3and zeolites have been proven to be very useful compared to traditional catalysts in hydrotreating (HT), hydrocracking (HC), and catalytic cracking (CC) of large molecules. To evaluate the reaction scheme and products from model isoprenoid compounds of microalgae oil, nanoporous hybrid catalyst technologies (CC:nsAl2O3/H-USY andnsAl2O3/H-GaAlMFI; HC: [Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3]/nsAl2O3/H-beta) were studied. The major product from CC onnsAl2O3/H-USY was highly aromatic gasoline, while the product from HC was half-isoparaffinic/olefinic kerosene. Although more than 50 wt% of the products from HT/CC on the USY catalyst was liquefied petroleum gas due to overcracking, the product from HT/CC on the MFI catalyst was high-octane-number gasoline. Delightfully, the product from HT/HC was kerosene and its average number was 11, with more than 80 wt% being isoparaffinic. As a result, it was demonstrated that hydrotreating may convert isoprenoid oil from microalgae over nanoporous hybrid catalysts into a variety of products.

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