Novel Characterization of GDI Engine Exhaust for Gasoline and Mid-Level Gasoline-Alcohol Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Storey ◽  
Sam Lewis ◽  
James Szybist ◽  
John Thomas ◽  
Teresa Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Gdi Engine

CHARACTERIZATION OF RASPING NOISE IN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE EXHAUST DUCTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. AYADI ◽  
S. FRIKHA ◽  
P.-Y. HENNION ◽  
R. WILLATS
Keyword(s):  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Automotive Engine

In-Situ Real-Time Characterization of Particulate Emissions from a Diesel Engine Exhaust by Laser-Induced Incandescence

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Snelling ◽  
Gregory J. Smallwood ◽  
Robert A. Sawchuk ◽  
W. Stuart Neill ◽  
Daniel Gareau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Engine Exhaust ◽  
Laser Induced Incandescence

Characterization of a Counterflow Thrust Vectoring Scheme on a Gas Turbine Engine Exhaust Jet

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delfim Dores ◽  
Maria Madruga Santos ◽  
Anjaneyulu Krothapalli ◽  
Luiz Lourenco ◽  
Emmanuel Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Thrust Vectoring ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Exhaust Jet

scholarly journals Characterization of a multiculture in-vitro cell exposure chamber for assessing the biological impact of diesel engine exhaust

2011 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 012005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akrivi Asimakopoulou ◽  
Manos Daskalos ◽  
Leonidas Chasapidis ◽  
Theofilaktos Akritidis ◽  
Nickolaos D Vlachos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Exposure Chamber ◽  
Biological Impact ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Engine Exhaust

Particulate Morphology Characterization of Butanol–Gasoline Blend Fueled Spark-Ignition Direct Injection Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical Characterization ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Gdi Engine

Abstract Butanol is an oxygenated renewable fuel and therefore is a potential candidate to be blended with gasoline to reduce particulate emissions. In this experimental investigation, particle number-size (PN-size) distribution and morphology (physical characterization) of soot emitted by the butanol–gasoline blend in a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine have been investigated. The effect of engine load and fuel injection pressure (FIP) on particulates was investigated for two test fuels: gasoline and Bu15 (85%, v/v, gasoline blended with 15%, v/v, butanol) in a 0.5 L single-cylinder GDI engine using an engine exhaust particulate sizer (EEPS) and a partial flow dilution tunnel for collecting particulate samples on a filter paper. The physical characterization of particulates included primary particle size (Dp) and particle agglomerate characterization parameters such as agglomerate length (L), agglomerate width (W), skeletal length (Lsk) and skeletal width (Wsk), which were determined using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and corresponding image analyses. PN-size distribution was relatively lower for Bu15, which decreased with increasing FIP. Regardless of the GDI engine operating condition, classical sphere and chain-like agglomerates having nearly similar nano-scale morphology were detected. The primary particle diameter changed with varying engine operating conditions. A comparative analysis of soot originating from Bu15 and gasoline was presented, which may be useful for gasoline particulate filter (GPF) design and to understand the regeneration of GPFs in practical engine applications.

Characterization of Particulates From Engine Exhaust

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
G. G. Paulson ◽  
R. E. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Exhaust Particles

The subject of vehicle emissions has received much attention during the past several years. The particle size as well as the chemistry of the exhaust particles, particularly the ones containing lead, has been a controversial subject because of environmental implications and the effects of lead compounds on the effectiveness of catalytic converters. Although it has been fairly well established by X-ray diffraction studies that the solids consist of a complex mixture of carbonaceous matter and inorganic salts, there has been disagreement as to the particle sizes and ultimate chemistry of the lead compounds in the exhaust which result from the addition of tetraethyllead (TEL). In general, the TEL is volatilized in the combustion chamber and is “scavenged” by halides, typically Br and Cl which are added as ethyl dibromide and chloride.

On-Line Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Hydrocarbons in Engine Exhaust Gases

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Lehrle ◽  
H West ◽  
M L Wyszyński
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Heated Sample ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbon ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
On Line

Mass spectrometry provides a powerful and versatile method for the characterization of the unburnt and also the pyrolysed and partially oxidized gaseous hydrocarbon species present in exhaust gases. Flame ionization detection, the usual analysis method for measuring exhaust hydrocarbons, can give only a total hydrocarbon figure when used on-line. A mass spectrometer can perform the on-line characterization of the individual gaseous hydrocarbon species in the exhaust and can detect any trends in their concentrations. This permits the rapid assessment of experimental approaches for reducing these pollutants. In the present work exhaust gases have been sampled from the exhaust of a Ricardo E6 research engine fuelled with gasoline and they pass to the analysis equipment via heated sample lines. The gases can be analysed as discrete samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in order to identify the components, or can be continuously monitored by mass spectrometry alone (MS) in order to measure any trends in the component concentrations. These mass spectrometric analysis techniques have been compared with other gas analysis and general data acquisition methods, and have permitted the collection of much information about engine exhaust emissions. This information has been related to engine operating parameters with special reference to the fuel–air ratio. The results from this work show that not only does the combustion result in an increase in the relative amounts of NO and CO2, but also suggest that the substituted aromatic hydrocarbons may be products of combustion. Continuous monitoring of specified exhaust components has been performed mass spectrometrically and related to the air–fuel ratio used for the engine. With lean fuels, the hydrocarbons are not totally combusted, but those that are burnt are combusted with reasonable efficiency. On the other hand, rich mixtures are associated with not only inefficient combustion, but also incomplete oxidation (that is CO–CO2 ratio is increased), and an increase in the substituted aromatic hydrocarbons. Stoichiometric mixtures have been found to be associated with most efficient combustion (highest CO2–CO ratio) and minimal hydrocarbon emissions.

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