Development of a Human Body Finite Element Model with Multiple Muscles and their Controller for Estimating Occupant Motions and Impact Responses in Frontal Crash Situations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Iwamoto ◽  
Yuko Nakahira ◽  
Hideyuki Kimpara ◽  
Takahiko Sugiyama ◽  
Kyuengbo Min
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Impact Responses

scholarly journals Reconstruction finite element model of cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Lý Hùng Anh ◽  
Nguyễn Phụ Thượng Lưu ◽  
Nguyễn Thiên Phú ◽  
Trần Đình Nhật
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Crash Analysis ◽  
Inertia Moment ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Analysis Center ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
And Behavior

The experimental method used in a frontal crash of cars costs much time and expense. Therefore, numerical simulation in crashworthiness is widely applied in the world. The completed car models contain a lot of parts which provided complicated structure, especially the rear of car models do not contribute to behavior of frontal crash which usually evaluates injuries of pedestrian or motorcyclist. In order to save time and resources, a simplification of the car models for research simulations is essential with the goal of reducing approximately 50% of car model elements and nodes. This study aims to construct the finite element models of front structures of vehicle based on the original finite element models. Those new car models must be maintained important values such as mass and center of gravity position. By using condition boundaries, inertia moment is kept unchanged on new model. The original car models, which are provided by the National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC), validated by using results from experimental crash tests. The modified (simplistic) vehicle FE models are validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data and simulation results of the original vehicle finite element models. LS-Dyna software provides convenient tools and very strong to modify finite element model. There are six car models reconstructed in this research, including 1 Pick-up, 2 SUV and 3 Sedan. Because car models were not the main object to evaluate in a crash, energy and behavior of frontal part have the most important role. As a result, six simplified car models gave reasonable outcomes and reduced significantly the number of nodes and elements. Therefore, the simulation time is also reduced a lot. Simplified car models can be applied to the upcoming frontal simulations.

A Comparative Study of the Human Body Finite Element Model Under Blast Loadings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. Tan ◽  
R. Kannan ◽  
Andrzej J. Przekwas
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Blast Loading ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Stress Wave Propagation ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Time Step

Until today the modeling of human body biomechanics poses many great challenges because of the complex geometry and the substantial heterogeneity of human body. We developed a detailed human body finite element model in which the human body is represented realistically in both the geometry and the material properties. The model includes the detailed head (face, skull, brain, and spinal cord), the skeleton, and air cavities (including the lung). Hence it can be used to accurately acquire the stress wave propagation in the human body under various loading conditions. The blast loading on the human surface was generated from the simulated C4 blast explosions, via a novel combination of 1-D and 3-D numerical formulations. We used the explicit finite element solver in the multi-physics code CoBi for the human body biomechanics. This is capable of solving the resulting large system containing millions of unknowns in an extremely scalable fashion. The meshes generated for these simulations are of good quality. This enables us to employ relatively large time step sizes, without resorting to the artificial time scaling treatment. In order to study the human body dynamic response under the blast loading, we also developed an interface to apply the blast pressure loading on the external human body surface. These newly developed models were used to conduct parametric simulations to find out the brain biomechanical response when the blasts impact the human body. Under the same blast loading we also show the differences of brain response when having different material properties for the skeleton, the existence of other body parts such as torso.

Chest Deflection vs. Chest Acceleration as Injury Indicator in Front Impact Simulations Using Full Human Body Finite Element Model

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed E. El-Jawahri ◽  
Jesse S. Ruan ◽  
Stephen W. Rouhana ◽  
Saeed D. Barbat
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Blunt Impact ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Impact Simulations

The Ford Motor Company Human Body Finite Element Model (FHBM) was validated against rib dynamic tension and 3-point bending tests. The stress-strain and moment-strain data from the tension and bending simulations respectively were compared with human rib specimen test data. The model used represented a 50th percentile adult male. It was used to compare chest deflection and chest acceleration as thoracic injury indicator in blunt impact and belted occupants in front sled impact simulations. A 150 mm diameter of 23.4 kg impactor was used in the blunt impact simulations with impact speeds of 2, 4, and 8 m/s. In the Front sled impact simulations, single-step acceleration pulses with peaks of 10, 20, and 30 g were used. The occupants were restrained by 3-point belt system, however neither pretensioner nor shoulder belt force limiter were used. The external force, head acceleration, chest deflection, chest acceleration, and the maximum values of Von Mises stress and plastic strain were the model outputs. The results showed that the external contact force, head acceleration, chest deflection, and chest acceleration in the blunt impact simulations varied between 1.5–7 kN, 5–28 g, 18–80 mm, and 8–40 g respectively. The same responses varied between 7–24 kN, 13–40 g, 15–50 mm, and 16–46 g respectively in the front sled impact simulations. The maximum Von Mises stress and plastic strain were 50–127 MPa, and 0.04–2% respectively in the blunt impact simulations and 72–134 MPa, and 0.13–3% respectively in the sled impact simulations.

scholarly journals Biomechanics Of Human Lumbar Spine (L3 To L5) With Degenerative Disc Disease Using Finite Element Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4609-4614
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Human Spine ◽  
Human Lumbar Spine ◽  
Normal Human

Human spine is one of the complex structure of the human body. It provides the link between upper and lower extremities of the human body. It is estimated that at least 30% of people in the middle age group from thirty to fifty years have some degree of disc degeneration. Disc degeneration disease can affect the quality of life and in certain individual it can cause severe chronic pain if left untreated. The low back pain associated with lumbar disc degeneration is usually generated from two causes which are abnormal motion instability and inflammation. Abnormal motion instability occurs when the annulus fibrosus are worn down and cannot absorb stress on the human spine effectively resulting in changes in movements along the vertebral segment. To understand lumbar disc problem, a thorough knowledge of the biomechanics of the normal human lumbar spine and a disc degenerated lumbar spine is of great importance. In this study, Computed tomography image of a 33 year old male is used. A three dimensional (3D) human lumbar spine (L3 to L5) is created and validated with literature. The finite element model was modified to degenerated disc and studied the biomechanics of the lumbar spine. Comparison of the biomechanics of normal human lumbar spine is done with the human lumbar spine with disc degeneration for different range of motion and different loads. The result shows that the pressure generated on degenerated disc is greater than normal disc. This work can be implemented and used for designing implants and also for intervertebral disc related analysis

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