Evaluation and Design of Injector Hole Patterns Using CFD with a Fuel Tracer Diagnostic for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald O. Grover, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Gdi Engines

Experimental and numerical analyses of the combustion process in a direct injection gasoline engine

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Reissing ◽  
H Peters ◽  
J. M. Kech ◽  
U Spicher
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Gasoline Engine ◽  
Gdi Engines

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) spark ignition engine technology is advancing at a rapid rate. The development and optimization of GDI engines requires new experimental methods and numerical models to analyse the in-cylinder processes. Therefore the objective of this paper is to present numerical and experimental methods to analyse the combustion process in GDI engines. The numerical investigation of a four-stroke three-valve GDI engine was performed with the code KIVA-3V [1]. For the calculation of the turbulent combustion a model for partially premixed combustion, developed and implemented by Kech [4], was used. The results of the numerical investigation are compared to experimental results, obtained using an optical fibre technique in combination with spectroscopic temperature measurements under different engine conditions. This comparison shows good agreement in temporal progression of pressure. Both the numerical simulation and the experimental investigation predicted comparable combustion phenomena.

Idle Speed Control for GDI Engines with Interval Time-Delay

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 1598-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Li ◽  
Wei Hong ◽  
Yan Su
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Idle Speed ◽  
Idle Speed Control ◽  
Interval Delay ◽  
Gdi Engine ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gdi Engines

The gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is a highly non-linear and a delayed system. The engine modle with time-delays is derived. The delays consist of an intake to torque production state delay and a network -induced interval delay. Base on the Liapunov-Krasovskii function, the criterion of interval delay control system is proposed, which ensure the idle speed control system is stability as well as robust. The simulation results show that the H∞ control has good robustness,which improves the stability of the idle speed of the GDI engine.

Multi-component fuel vaporization modelling and its effect on spray development in gasoline direct injection engines

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tonini ◽  
M Gavaises ◽  
C Arcoumanis ◽  
A Theodorakakos ◽  
S Kometani
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Fuel Vaporization ◽  
Swirl Atomizer ◽  
Gdi Engines

A multi-component fuel vaporization model has been developed and implemented into an in-house multi-phase computational fluid dynamics flow solver simulating the flow, spray, and air-fuel mixing processes taking place in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. Multi-component fuel properties are modelled assuming a specified composition of pure hydrocarbons. High-pressure and -temperature effects, as well as gas solubility and compressibility, are considered. Remote droplet vaporization is initially investigated in order to quantify and validate the most appropriate vaporization model for conditions relevant to those realized with GDI engines. Phenomena related to the fuel injection system and pressure-swirl atomizer flow as well as the subsequent spray development are considered using an one-dimensional fuel injection equipment model predicting the wave dynamics inside the injection system, a Eulerian volume of fluid-based two-phase flow model simulating the liquid film formation process inside the injection hole of the swirl atomizer and a Lagrangian spray model simulating the subsequent spray development, respectively. The computational results are validated against experimental data obtained in an optical engine and include laser Doppler velocimetry measurements of the charge air motion in the absence of spray injection and charge coupled device images of the fuel spray injected during the induction stroke. The results confirm that fuel composition affects the overall fuel spray vaporization rate, but not significantly relative to other flow and heat transfer processes taking place during the engine operation.

scholarly journals VOF Simulation of The Cavitating Flow in High Pressure GDI Injectors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Giussani ◽  
Andrea Montorfano ◽  
Federico Piscaglia ◽  
A. Onorati ◽  
Jerome Helie
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Turbulence Modeling ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Cavitation Model ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Jet Breakup ◽  
High Scalability ◽  
Gdi Engines

The paper describes the development in the OpenFOAM® technology of a dynamic multiphase Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) solver, supporting mesh handling with topological changes, that has been used for the study of the physics of the primary jet breakup and of the flow disturbance induced by the nozzle geometry during the injector opening event in high-pressure Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines. Turbulence modeling based on a scale-resolving approach has been applied, while phase change of fuel is accounted by means of a cavitation model that has been coupled with the VOF solver. Simulations have been carried out on a 6-hole prototype injector, especially developed for investigations in the framework of the collaborative project FUI MAGIE and provided by Continental Automotive SAS. Special attention has been paid to the domain decomposition strategy and to the code development of the solver, to ensure good load balancing and to minimize inter-processor communication, to achieve good performanceand also high scalability on large computing clusters.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4989

Particulate Bound Trace Metals and Soot Morphology of Gasohol Fueled Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
Rashmi A. Agarwal ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gdi Engine ◽  
Gdi Engines

Direct injection spark ignition or gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are superior in terms of relatively higher thermal efficiency and power output compared to multipoint port fuel injection engines and direct injection diesel engines. In this study, a 500 cc single cylinder GDI engine was used for experiments. Three gasohol blends (15% (v/v) ethanol/methanol/butanol with 85% (v/v) gasoline) were chosen for this experimental study and were characterized to determine their important fuel properties. For particulate investigations, exhaust particles were collected on a quartz filter paper using a partial flow dilution tunnel. Comparative investigations for particulate mass emissions, trace metal concentrations, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) imaging of the particulate samples collected from different test fuels at different engine loads were performed. For majority of the experimental conditions, gasohols showed relatively lower trace metal concentration in particulates compared to gasoline. HR-TEM images showed that higher engine loads and presence of oxygen in the test fuels increased the soot reactivity. Multicore shells like structures were visible in the HR-TEM images due to growth of nuclei, and rapid soot formation due to relatively higher temperature and pressure environment of the engine combustion chamber. Researches world-over are trying to reduce particulate emissions from GDI engines; however there is a vast research gap for such investigations related to gasohol fueled GDI engines. This paper critically assesses and highlights comparative morphological characteristics of gasohol fueled GDI engine.

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of gasoline composition on PN in GDI engines using an improved measurement method

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742097037
Author(s):  
Charles Bokor ◽  
Behzad Rohani ◽  
Charlie Humphries ◽  
Denise Morrey ◽  
Fabrizio Bonatesta
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Particulate Number ◽  
Grade Performance ◽  
Gdi Engines ◽  
The Impact

An experimental investigation was carried out to investigate Particulate Number (PN) emissions from a modern, small-capacity Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine. The first part of the study focused on improving measurement repeatability using the Cambustion DMS-500 device. Results showed that sampling near the exhaust valve – while dampening the pressure oscillations in the sampling line – can significantly improve the repeatability. It was also found that uncontrolled phenomena such as deposition in the exhaust system from earlier engine operation can undermine the accuracy of measurements taken at tailpipe level. The second part of the work investigated PN emissions from three types of gasoline fuel, Pump-grade, Performance and Reference. Fuel chemical composition was found to have an appreciable impact on PN, but the magnitude of this effect differs in various operating points, being more pronounced at higher engine load. The Reference fuel was found to have the lowest PN emission tendency, conceivably because of its lower aromatics, olefins and heavy hydrocarbons content. A sweep of operating parameters showed that higher injection pressure reduces PN, but the extent of the reduction depends on fuel physical properties such as volatility.

scholarly journals Directions in vehicle efficiency and emissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Timothy Johnson ◽  
Ameya Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
The Us ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Gdi Engines

This paper provides a general review of light-duty (LD) and heavy-duty (HD) regulations, engine technology, and key emission control strategies. The US is placing a stronger emphasis on laboratory emissions, and the LD regulations are about an order of magnitude tighter than Euro 6, but Europe is focusing on real-world reductions. The California HD low-NOx regulation is advancing and may be proposed in 2017/18 for implementation in 2023+. The second phase of US HD greenhouse gas regulations propose another 25-30% tightening beyond Phase 1, beginning in 2021. LD and HD engine technology continues showing marked improvements in engine efficiency. LD gasoline concepts are closing the gap with diesel. HD engines are demonstrating more than 50% BTE using methods that can reasonably be commercialized. LD and HD diesel NOx technology trends are also summarized. NOx storage catalysts and SCR combinations are the lead approach to meeting the LD regulations. Numerous advanced NOx technologies are being evaluated and some promise for meeting the California HD low NOx targets. Oxidation catalysts are improved for both diesel and methane oxidation applications. Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are the lead approach to reducing particles from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. They reduce PAH emissions, and catalyzed versions can be designed for low back pressure. Regeneration largely occurs during hot decelerations.

scholarly journals Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modelling of Mixture Formation in Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sherry Kwabla Amedorme ◽  
Joseph Apodi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Velocity ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Turbulent Characteristics ◽  
Gdi Engines

Automotive engine faces stringent regulations on emission with improved fuel consumption. As such, the Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines which have the potential to meet these requirements are being improved on especially the mixture formation to the burning of the mixture. In GDI, late injection compared with early injection scheme generates charge stratification which contributes to the optimised fuel consumption and combustion. As a result, this strategy in GDI engines is considered to be promising with increasing research focus. This paper aims at evaluating the computational fluids dynamics (CFD) modelling of two-phase transient injection process in generic GDI engines with the late injection to study the features of fuel atomisation process, injection velocity and its influence on turbulence. The commercial CFD code Star CCM+ was used to perform this simulation due to its advanced polyhedral mesh technology and the user-friendly interface. Transient liquid and gas flow inside the combustion chamber was simulated using the Eulerian multiphase segregated flow model with k-epsilon turbulence. The contour plots show that during the injection period turbulence for each phase was independent of the spray shape predicted to be asymmetric under non-vaporisation conditions. In addition, increasing injection velocity of liquid fuel causes stronger turbulence for the liquid phase. The results also show that the variation of turbulence for gas-phase is mainly centred in the region of the inlet during the injection process and non-homogenous turbulent characteristics were observed for the late injection with the volume fraction of the liquid phase also seen to be asymmetric.

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