Frontal Crash Testing and Vehicle Safety Designs: A Historical Perspective Based on Crash Test Studies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Radwan Samaha ◽  
Kennerly Digges ◽  
Thomas Fesich ◽  
Michaela Authaler
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Crash Testing

The Effect of Vertical Acceleration on Emergency Locking Seatbelt Retractors

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Meyer ◽  
Stephen Forrest ◽  
Joshua Hayden ◽  
Brian Herbst ◽  
Anthony Sances
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Occupant Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety ◽  
Testing And Evaluation

Abstract Contemporary production seatbelt retractors have been proven very effective in the crash environment for which they have been primarily designed and most adequately tested, that is, in the full frontal crash mode. The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 outlines specific crash test and occupant injury measure requirements for testing and evaluation of seatbelt systems in production vehicles. Automobile manufacturers routinely test exhaustively in compliance of these requirements with respect to full frontal barrier crashes. However, government requirements are not nearly as complete for alternative accident modes often seen in the real world. Offset, angled, override, underride, and rollover crashes will often require seatbelt retractors to manage acceleration pulses in varying directions, including the vertical plane. Occupant motions during these real world accident modes may also impart loads into the belts and belt hardware (webbing and buckle assemblies) that also may not be immediately apparent in the frontal barrier test mode.

Motor Vehicle Crash Testing Regulations for More Inclusive Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Frye ◽  
Daphne Ko ◽  
Emilee Kotnik
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Safety Outcomes

There is a stark disparity in motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries between male and female drivers. Female drivers are 13% more likely to be killed than their male counterparts in similar motor accidents. However, vehicle safety test practices do not account for diverse body proportions when assessing safety outcomes. Vehicle crash testing standards only require testing of two variations of adult-sized crash test dummies: a 50th percentile male and a 5th percentile female. Automotive companies are not required to test safety outcomes in crash test model’s representative of average female proportions or of non-average body sizes and physiological compositions. Current crash test standards are regulated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) under the US Department of Transportation. This memo proposes three actions for the NHTSA and the Department of Transportation to address disparities in vehicle safety outcomes: 1) update safety standard requirements to include a 50th percentile female crash test dummy, 2) implement a federal tax incentive program for companies to include a greater diversity of vehicle occupant models, and 3) allocate funds for research and development of virtual crash testing models. These proposed initiatives seek to raise the minimum safety requirements and prioritize wider representation of vehicle occupants to improve parity in vehicle safety outcomes.

Crash Test Ratings and Real-World Frontal Crash Outcomes: A CIREN Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1099-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel E. Ryb ◽  
Cynthia Burch ◽  
Timothy Kerns ◽  
Patricia C. Dischinger ◽  
Shiu Ho
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Frontal Crash

Finite Element Simulation of a Strong-Post W-Beam Guardrail System

SIMULATION ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali O. Atahan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Test Requirements

Computer simulation of vehicle collisions has improved significantly over the past decade. With advances in computer technology, nonlinear finite element codes, and material models, full-scale simulation of such complex dynamic interactions is becoming ever more possible. In this study, an explicit three-dimensional nonlinear finite element code, LS-DYNA, is used to demonstrate the capabilities of computer simulations to supplement full-scale crash testing. After a failed crash test on a strong-post guardrail system, LS-DYNA is used to simulate the system, determine the potential problems with the design, and develop an improved system that has the potential to satisfy current crash test requirements. After accurately simulating the response behavior of the full-scale crash test, a second simulation study is performed on the system with improved details. Simulation results indicate that the system performs much better compared to the original design.

The Study for the Electronic Control Technology of the Electric Power Traction System in the Bridge/Shipping Crash Testing Laboratory

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 1750-1754
Author(s):  
Xiao Yuan Zhang ◽  
Mu Xi Lei ◽  
Zheng Bao Lei ◽  
Bi Feng Ou
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Test Report ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Test Flow ◽  
Traction System ◽  
Logic Relationship

The electric power traction system in the Bridge/Shipping Crash Testing Laboratory, is the foundation of the crash test between the shipping and the bridge. In order to make sure the process more quickly, stably, accurately, centralized-control method has been applied in the electric power traction system of the Bridge/Shipping Crash Testing Laboratory in The Changsha University of Science and Technology, so the test flow has been controlled and finished automatically, the test data could be collected and recorded automatically, safety alarm, protect automatically and the history data could be recorded on the real-time, the test report form could been formed automatically and the manage function will be worked and so on. The problem of complexity of the test flow, the difficulty of the induction about the logic relationship, the strong electromagnetism interfere in the big current equipment, the machine shock is strong and so on would be solved, the traction system in the crash test would be made more real and mature.

Analysis of Car Deformation Effect on AIS3+ Head Injury in Frontal Crash Using Logistic Regression Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
Shu Cai Xu ◽  
Xing Hua Lai ◽  
Chun Sheng Ma ◽  
Jin Huan Zhang ◽  
Jing Wen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Damage Distribution ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Frontal Crashes

The influence of vehicle deformation on the risks of head injury for the drivers involved in frontal crashes is studied using real world crash data. There are three types of vehicle damage distribution considered in this paper, namely, wide distribution, moderate offset, and small offset. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the head injuries are estimated by logistic regression, controlling for a wide variety of confounders. Results show that occupants' head injuries are highly related to damage distribution. Small offset crash has greatest threat to head injury. Seat belt is effective in all the crash types of concern. This study provides evidences to upgrade existing frontal crash test program and clue to countermeasure development for occupant protection in different crash modes.

ASEAN NCAP Crash Tests: Modifier Assessment Justified

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 547-551
Author(s):  
Solah Mohd Syazwan ◽  
Hamzah Azhar ◽  
Aqbal Hafeez Ariffin ◽  
Md Isa Mohd Hafzi ◽  
Rahman Mohd Khairudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Test ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Point System ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Rating Scheme

ASEAN New Car Assessment Program (ASEAN NCAP) is a newly established automobile safety rating program in the Southeast Asia region, which the primary objective is to provide consumers with vehicle safety information and concurrently acknowledge manufacturers’ effort in elevating vehicle safety level. This information is comprehensively gathered through scientific and objective testing procedures in full scale crash test simulation. To ensure consistency and high repeatability, ASEAN NCAP operates standardized test and assessment protocols which utilize high-tech equipment and sensors, data acquisition system and also human surrogates (instrumented “dummies”). A point system is derived for marking purposes and a star rating scheme is designed to reflect the level of safety afforded to occupants. To cater for variation in crash configurations, occupants’ sizes and kinematics as well as other potential risks during crash impacts, a point deduction system (penalty-based) named as “modifiers” were introduced. Hence, this work attempts to describe the modifiers, their basis and justifications for inclusion in the safety rating scheme. A few case studies are demonstrated in this paper to enhance the understandings of modifiers concept.

Evaluation of Human Body Dynamical Behaviour During Handling Maneuvers and Crash Test Simulations Using Multi-Body Codes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Braghin ◽  
Paolo Pennacchi ◽  
Edoardo Sabbioni
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Race Car ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Vehicle Chassis ◽  
Crash Tests

The dynamic behavior of the human body during race car maneuvers and frontal crash tests is analyzed in this paper. Both the vehicle and the human body have been modeled using the multi-body approach. Two commercial codes, BRG LifeMOD Biomechanics Modeler®, for the simulation of the human body dynamics, and MSC ADAMS/Car® for the modeling of the vehicle behavior, have been used for the purpose. Due to the impossibility of co-simulating, at first the accelerations on the driver’s chassis are determined using the vehicle’s multibody code and approximating the driver as a rigid body. Then, the calculated accelerations are applied to the vehicle chassis in the biomechanics code to assess the accelerations in various significant points on the driver.

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