Investigation of Traumatic Brain Injuries Using the Next Generation of Simulated Injury Monitor (SIMon) Finite Element Head Model

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik G. Takhounts ◽  
Stephen A. Ridella ◽  
Vikas Hasija ◽  
Rabih E. Tannous ◽  
J. Quinn Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Next Generation

Finite Element Modeling of Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injuries

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Pintar ◽  
Srirangam Kumaresan ◽  
Brian Stemper ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Thomas A. Gennarelli
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Deformation Stress

Abstract Recent advances in the treatment of penetrating gunshot wounds to the head have saved lives. These advances are largely reported using retrospective analysis of patients with recommendations for treatment. Biomechanical quantification of intracranial deformation/stress distribution associated with the type of weapon (e.g., projectile geometry) will advance clinical understanding of the mechanics of penetrating wounds. The present study was designed to delineate the biomechanical behavior of the human head under penetrating impact of two different projectile geometries using a nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element model. The human head model included the skull and brain. The qualitative comparison of the model output with each type of projectile during various time steps indicates that the deformation/stress progresses as the projectile penetrates the tissue. There is also a distinct difference in the patterns of displacement for each type of projectile. The present study is a first step in the study of the biomechanics of penetrating traumatic brain injuries.

Intracranial pressure–based validation and analysis of traumatic brain injury using a new three-dimensional finite element human head model

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanu Khanuja ◽  
Harikrishnan Narayanan Unni
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Von Mises

Traumatic brain injuries are life-threatening injuries that can lead to long-term incapacitation and death. Over the years, numerous finite element human head models have been developed to understand the injury mechanisms of traumatic brain injuries. Many of these models are erroneous and used ellipsoidal or spherical geometries to represent brain. This work is focused on the development of high-quality, comprehensive three-dimensional finite element human head model with accurate representation of cerebral sulci and gyri structures in order to study traumatic brain injury mechanisms. Present geometry, predicated on magnetic resonance imaging data consist of three rudimentary components, that is, skull, cerebrospinal fluid with the ventricular system, and the soft tissues comprising the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The brain is modeled as a hyperviscoelastic material. Meshed model with 10 nodes modified tetrahedral type element (C3D10M) is validated against two cadaver-based impact experiments by comparing the intracranial pressures at different locations of the head. Our results indicate a better agreement with cadaver results, specifically for the case of frontal and parietal intracranial pressure values. Existing literature focuses mostly on intracranial pressure validation, while the effects of von Mises stress on brain injury are not analyzed in detail. In this work, a detailed interpretation of neurological damage resulting from impact injury is performed by analyzing von Mises stress and intracranial pressure distribution across numerous segments of the brain. A reasonably good correlation with experimental data signifies the robustness of the model for predicting injury mechanisms based on clinical predictions of injury tolerance criteria.

Correlation between Injury Pattern and Finite Element Analysis in Biomechanical Reconstructions of Traumatic Brain Injuries

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1331-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelen Fahlstedt ◽  
Bart Depreitere ◽  
Peter Halldin ◽  
Jos Vander Sloten ◽  
Svein Kleiven
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Pattern ◽  
Element Analysis

scholarly journals Development of a Finite Element Head Model for the Study of Impact Head Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Kwong-Ming Tse ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Long-Bin Tan ◽  
Qing-Qian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
The Brain

This study is aimed at developing a high quality, validated finite element (FE) human head model for traumatic brain injuries (TBI) prediction and prevention during vehicle collisions. The geometry of the FE model was based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of a volunteer close to the anthropometry of a 50th percentile male. The material and structural properties were selected based on a synthesis of current knowledge of the constitutive models for each tissue. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was simulated explicitly as a hydrostatic fluid by using a surface-based fluid modeling method. The model was validated in the loading condition observed in frontal impact vehicle collision. These validations include the intracranial pressure (ICP), brain motion, impact force and intracranial acceleration response, maximum von Mises stress in the brain, and maximum principal stress in the skull. Overall results obtained in the validation indicated improved biofidelity relative to previous FE models, and the change in the maximum von Mises in the brain is mainly caused by the improvement of the CSF simulation. The model may be used for improving the current injury criteria of the brain and anthropometric test devices.

scholarly journals A QCT-Based Nonsegmentation Finite Element Head Model for Studying Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Liang ◽  
Yunhua Luo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Heterogeneous Material ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Intracranial Pressures ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
Finite Element Head Models

In the existing finite element head models (FEHMs) that are constructed from medical images, head tissues are usually segmented into a number of components according to the interior anatomical structure of the head. Each component is represented by a homogenous material model. There are a number of disadvantages in the segmentation-based finite element head models. Therefore, we developed a nonsegmentation finite element head model with pointwise-heterogeneous material properties and corroborated it by available experiment data. From the obtained results, it was found that although intracranial pressures predicted by the existing (piecewise-homogeneous) and the proposed (pointwise-heterogeneous) FEHM are very similar to each other, strain/stress levels in the head tissues are very different. The maximum peak strains/stresses predicted by the proposed FEHM are much higher than those by the existing FEHM, indicating that piecewise-homogeneous FEHM may have underestimated the stress/strain level induced by impact and thus may be inaccurate in predicting traumatic brain injuries.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN HEAD UNDER SIDE CAR CRASH IMPACTS AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1440002 ◽  
Author(s):  
XINGQIAO DENG ◽  
SHOU AN CHEN ◽  
R. PRABHU ◽  
YUANYUAN JIANG ◽  
Y. MAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
The Impact

Mechanical response of the human head under a side car crash impact is crucial for modeling traumatic brain injuries (TBI) or concussions. The current advances in computational methods and the finite element models of the human head provide a significant opportunity for biomechanical study of brain injuries; however, limited experimental data is available for delineating the injury relationship between the head injury criteria (HIC) and the tensile pressure or von Mises stress. In this research, we assess human head injuries in a side impact car crash using finite element (FE) simulations that quantify the tensile pressures and maximum strain profiles. In doing so, five FE analyses for the human head have been carried out to investigate the correlations between the HIC measured in the dummy model at different moving deformable barrier (MDB) velocities increasing from 10 mph to 30 mph in 5 mph increments and the pressure and von Mises stress of the skull, the skin, the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and the brain. The computational simulation results for the tensile pressures and von Mises stresses correlated well with the HIC15 and peak accelerations. Also a second-order polynomial seemed to fit the stress levels to the impact speeds and as such the presented method for using FE human head analysis could be used for reconstruction of head impacts in different side car crash conditions; furthermore, the head model would provide a tool for investigation of the cause and mechanisms of head injuries once the type and locations of injuries are quantified.

Brain Subarachnoid Space Architecture: Histological Approach

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Saboori ◽  
Ali Sadegh
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Material Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Important Region ◽  
The Brain

Human brain is suspended in the skull through three fibrous tissue layers, dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater, known as the meninges layer. The space between the arachnoid and pia mater is known as subarachnoid space (SAS). SAS consists of arachnoid trabeculae and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which stabilizes the shape and the position of the brain during head movements. Through solid-fluid interaction, it has been shown that subarachnoid space (SAS) trabeculae plays an important role in damping and reducing the relative movement of the brain with respect to the skull, thereby reducing traumatic brain injuries (TBI), (Zoghi and Sadegh 2010). While the functionality of the SAS is understood, the architecture, the histology and biomechanics of this important region has not been fully investigated. In their modeling of the head, previous investigators have over simplified this important region. This is due to the trabeculae’s complex geometry, abundance of trabeculae and lack of the material properties. These simplifications could lead to inaccurate results of finite element head studies. Killer HE, et al, (2003) investigated the trabecular histology of optical nerves and Alcoldo, et al (1986) used Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to study the arachnid mater of the SAS. The result of these studies reveal that the arachnoid is a thin vascular layer composed of fibroblast cells interspersed with bundles of collagen and the trabecula is also a collagen based structure. However, the brain SAS trabecular architecture and histology has not been fully investigated. The goal of this study is to investigate the mechanotransduction of the head impacts to the brain with the emphasis on the role of material modeling and architecture of the subarachnoid space as it relates to Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI). This goal was accomplished through three aims including experimental studies, material modeling and a 3D finite element model. In this paper, to present a global view of this investigation, brief descriptions of each aim are presented. It was concluded that the trabeculae contain collagen Type I with tree-shaped architecture and the validated material properties of SAS is approximately E = 1000 Pa.

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