Field Tests to Monitor Build-up of Carbon Dioxide in Vehicle Cabin with AC System Operating in Recirculation Mode for Improving Cabin IAQ and Safety

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 757-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gursaran D. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Vehicle Cabin ◽  
System Operating

scholarly journals Energetic and exergetic analyses of carbon dioxide transcritical refrigeration systems for hot climates

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farivar Fazelpour
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
System Operating

In the last two decades many scientific papers and reports have been published in the field of the application of the carbon dioxide as a refrigerant for refrigeration systems and heat pumps. Special attention has been paid to the transcritical cycle. However, almost no papers discussed such cycles for hot climates, i.e., when the temperature of the environment is higher than 40?? during a long period of time. This paper deals with the energetic and exergetic evaluation of a CO2 refrigeration system operating in a transcritical cycle under hot climatic conditions. The performance and exergy efficiency of the CO2 refrigeration system depend on the operation conditions. The effect of varying these conditions is also investigated as well as the limitations associated with these conditions.

scholarly journals Accumulation of metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) in a vehicle cabin

2019 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
R A Angelova ◽  
D G Markov ◽  
I Simova ◽  
R Velichkova ◽  
P Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vehicle Cabin ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Metabolic Carbon

scholarly journals Development of nanosized catalysts for processing synthesis gas to methanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Chekushina ◽  
Zhang Lianzi ◽  
Kirill Vorobyev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Nanosized Catalysts ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
New Compounds

Conversion of carbon dioxide into chemical waste-free feedstock (carbonates, cyclocarbonates, synthesis gas) requires the use of a two-stage reaction (conversion of carbon monoxide under pressure, followed by purification of the converted gas from carbon dioxide with hot potash or monoethanolamine and removal of residual carbon oxides by catalytic hydrogenation) of the reaction. The main problem with this transformation is that, for energetic reasons, these reactions are difficult to coordinate with each other. To ensure the compatibility of the processes from a thermodynamic point of view, appropriate nanocatalysts are needed to obtain a useful product in the course of the reactions. The authors carried out field tests of various catalysts, discovered the compatibility of the reaction with two catalysts with the required properties: a copper compound for the first stage of the reaction and a compound of zinc oxide for the second stage, and also demonstrated the feasibility of this reaction using phenylethylene contained in a hydrocarbon compound. The numerous processes that can be used to produce methanol can be divided into three categories: indirect, direct, and biofuel. Indirect conversion is widespread throughout the world. This conversion takes place in a process in which biomass, coal or natural gas is converted to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide known as synthesis gas. The syngas is converted to methanol using a variety of conversion methods. Research on the development and improvement of nanocatalysts for the chemical processing of carbon dioxide into methanol has been carried out. An algorithm has been developed for modeling the composition, structure, and properties of nanocatalysts, and a number of new compounds have been synthesized that are capable of retaining cations with different oxidation states and sizes in the crystal lattice. Work has been carried out to improve nanocatalysts based on nickel for deep methanol hydrotreating.

scholarly journals Investigation of wireless magnetometer in sensing magnetic field changes at different car direction and speed

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 668-679
Author(s):  
Chin Fhong Soon ◽  
Siti Hajar Aminah Ali ◽  
See Khee Ye ◽  
Munzilah Md Rohani ◽  
Kian Sek Tee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Strong Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
The Road ◽  
Detection And Counting ◽  
Uniform Area ◽  
System Operating

The embedment of induction loop underground for traffic volume monitoring caused damaging effects to the road and reduced road surface aesthetics. A wireless magnetometer implanted underground in a small uniform area was developed to detect three-axis magnetic flux changes due to the perturbation of vehicle passing over the sensor. In this project, a wireless magnetometer sensor system operating at a radio frequency of 2.4 GHz for detecting and transmitting Z-field data has been developed to investigate the patterns of magnetic field associated with the car directions and speed. This is the first report in revealing the responses of the sensor to different car speed and sensing directions. Field tests were conducted by car passes over in a direction in-line or countering the X and Y axes of the magnetometer. The results showed that the strong magnetic field density as low as -100 to -230 μT could be generated when a car passed over the sensor in a direction countering X and Y axes. The speed detection limit of the sensor is 60 kmph. The X, Y and Z flux patterns obtained is import in designing an algorithm for accurate detection and counting of vehicles.

Field tests of carbon dioxide and conspecifics as baits for Mepraiaspinolai, wild vector of Chagas disease

Acta Tropica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carezza Botto-Mahan ◽  
Pedro E. Cattan ◽  
Mauricio Canals
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Field Tests

scholarly journals A HIGHLY PORTABLE AND INEXPENSIVE FIELD SAMPLING KIT FOR RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mark H Garnett ◽  
Josephine-Anne Newton ◽  
Thomas C Parker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyser ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract Radiocarbon (14C) analysis of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be extremely useful in carbon cycle studies because it provides unique information that can infer the age and source of this greenhouse gas. Cartridges containing the CO2-adsorbing zeolite molecular sieve are small and highly portable, which makes them more suitable for field campaigns in remote locations compared to some other CO2 collection methods. However, sampling with molecular sieve cartridges usually requires additional equipment, such as an infrared gas analyser, which can reduce portability and pose limitations due to power demands. In addition, 14C analysis of CO2 is increasingly being used in field experiments which require high numbers of replicate CO2 collections, placing extra pressure on an expensive and cumbersome collection apparatus. We therefore designed and built a molecular sieve CO2 sampling kit that utilizes a small, low power CO2 sensor. We demonstrate the reliability of the new kit for the collection of CO2 samples for 14C analysis in a series of laboratory and field tests. This inexpensive sampling kit is small, light-weight, highly portable, and has low power demands, making it particularly useful for field campaigns in remote and inaccessible locations.

scholarly journals Study on Influence of Window Form on Indoor Natural Ventilation in Super High-Rise Buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhou ◽  
Xiaoning Su ◽  
Yuxian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Window Opening ◽  
Reducing Energy

As the Chinese government is committed to reducing peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutral by 2060, it is crucial to get this target by reducing energy consumption in super-high buildings. The running time of mechanical ventilation systems could be cut down by utilizing natural ventilation through windows in specific periods. In order to improve the performance of natural ventilation effectively, the study on the characteristics of window forms in super tall buildings is put forward. In this paper, the effects of different window types on natural ventilation in super high-rise buildings were investigated. Field investigation and field tests were carried out in this research. The results show that the narrow and long windows can provide a better ventilation effect. This study provides some suggestions for architects to select the window opening form in super high-rise buildings.

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