Freezing Heat Exchanger, Thermoelectric Cooling and Water Handling System for the Refrigerator/Freezer Racks (RFR)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hummelsberger ◽  
M. P. Hess ◽  
J. Winter ◽  
P. Di Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermoelectric Cooling ◽  
Handling System ◽  
Water Handling

Some Studies on Energy Savings in Sponge Iron Plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Biswas ◽  
S. R. Asthana ◽  
V. G. Rau
Keyword(s):  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Sponge Iron ◽  
Mechanical Seal ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Handling System ◽  
Water Handling ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Atomized Water

This paper presents the potential for energy savings in various capacity sponge iron plants by estimating heat transfer rates using stabilized and optimized temperature data within the rotary kiln/reactor. Air jet seal instead of mechanical seal arrangements at specific locations in the rotary kiln and cooler are proposed and this is shown to reduce the power consumption and the size of the centralized grease lubricating system. The paper proposes atomized water spray on the post combustion chamber instead of larger droplets to reduce the size of the water handling system, thereby saving energy. The paper also suggests optimization of the performance of a pneumatic coal injector by optimizing coal and air quantities.

Direct Observation of Heat Exchanger Deposits by Cross Sectioning

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
R. W. Anderson ◽  
D. L. Senecal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Deposit Layer

A problem was presented to observe the packing densities of deposits of sub-micron corrosion product particles. The deposits were 5-100 mils thick and had formed on the inside surfaces of 3/8 inch diameter Zircaloy-2 heat exchanger tubes. The particles were iron oxides deposited from flowing water and consequently were only weakly bonded. Particular care was required during handling to preserve the original formations of the deposits. The specimen preparation method described below allowed direct observation of cross sections of the deposit layers by transmission electron microscopy.The specimens were short sections of the tubes (about 3 inches long) that were carefully cut from the systems. The insides of the tube sections were first coated with a thin layer of a fluid epoxy resin by dipping. This coating served to impregnate the deposit layer as well as to protect the layer if subsequent handling were required.

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