scholarly journals ACEA Programme on the Emissions of Fine Particulates from Passenger Cars(2) Part1: Particle Characterisation of a Wide Range of Engine Technologies

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mohr ◽  
Urs Lehmann ◽  
Giovanni Margaria
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particulates ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Particle Characterisation

scholarly journals Key Challenges in the Status Analysis for the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan in Podgorica, Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Radoje Vujadinović ◽  
Jelena Šaković Jovanović ◽  
Aljaž Plevnik ◽  
Luka Mladenovič ◽  
Tom Rye
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
Status Analysis

The paper presents the results of the application of a practical approach for collecting data, which provides a simple, cost efficient, and easily reproducible method that was applied to obtain the necessary data for the status analysis of the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) for Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. Important data for the estimation of the existing condition of the traffic system were collected through desk research from the appropriate institutions and organizations. Several surveys and focus group interviews were conducted, in which about 5000 residents of Podgorica participated. In addition to answering questions, residents made numerous suggestions, confirming the correctness of a participatory approach in the new traffic planning paradigm that provides the SUMP with crucial advantages. A manual cordon count of traffic on five bridges for the traffic of the motor vehicles, as well as on two pedestrian-only bridges, was performed by students from the study program Road Traffic, and there are plans to repeat this in the coming years in order to enable more reliable monitoring and evaluation of the obtained data. Contemporary quality management tools such as BYPAD and ParkPAD were also used to assess the status of cycling and parking policy, respectively. It is especially important to emphasize that Podgorica is the first city in the West Balkans, and the fourth city in Europe, in which the ParkPAD tool was applied. A wide range of negative phenomena and trends was identified, like a rapid increase in the number of registered vehicles, an increase in the motorization rate and the number of traffic accidents, increased non-compliance with traffic rules, excessive use of passenger cars and auto-taxi vehicles, insufficient use of unattractive public transport, walking and cycling, etc. Based on the data collected, key challenges in status analysis in Podgorica were identified, which the SUMP should try to overcome.

A New Type of Gas Turbine Based-Hybrid Propulsion System: Part 1—Concept Development, Definition of Mission Parameters and Preliminary Sizing

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Cioffarelli ◽  
Enrico Sciubba
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract A hybrid propulsion system of new conception for medium-size passenger cars is described and its preliminary design developed. The system consists of a turbogas set operating at fixed rpm, and a battery-operated electric motor that constitutes the actual “propulsor”. The battery pack is charged by the thermal engine which works in an electronically controlled on/off mode. Though the idea is not entirely new (there are some concept cars with similar characteristics), the present study has important new aspects, in that it bases the sizing of the thermal engine on the foreseen “worst case” vehicle mission (derived from available data on mileage and consumption derived from road tests and standard EEC driving mission cycles) that they can in fact be accomplished, and then proceeds to develop a control strategy that enables the vehicle to perform at its near–peak efficiency over a wide range of possible missions. To increase the driveability of the car, a variable-inlet vane system is provided for the gas turbine. After developing the mission concept, and showing via a thorough set of energy balances (integrated over various mission profiles), a preliminary sizing of the turbogas set is performed. The results of this first part of the development program show that the concept is indeed feasible, and that it has important advantages over both more traditional (Hybrid Vehicles powered by an Internal Combustion Engine) and novel (All-Electric Vehicle) propulsion systems.

scholarly journals Hydrogen from Wood Gasification with CCS - a Technoenvironmental Analysis of Production and Use as Transport Fuel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Antonini ◽  
Karin Treyer ◽  
Emanuele Moioli ◽  
christian bauer ◽  
Marco Mazzotti
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Freight Trucks

<p>In the presented work, we performed an integrated techno-environmental assessment of hydrogen production from woody biomass gasification, combined with CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage (CCS). We have included three different types of gasification technologies for syngas production. CO<sub>2</sub> is captured from the syngas with conventional amine-based technology. Based on our integrated approach linking detailed process simulation with Life Cycle Assessment, we are able to quantify benefits and potential trade-offs of a wide range of process configurations from both technical and environmental perspectives in a consistent way. We have also performed a comparative evaluation of hydrogen use in fuel cell electric vehicles (passenger cars and freight trucks), to investigate the role of hydrogen in decarbonizing the transport sector.</p>

A basic design for automotive crash boxes using an efficient corrugated conical tube

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702199092
Author(s):  
Alireza Mortazavi Moghaddam ◽  
Atefeh Kheradpisheh ◽  
Masoud Asgari
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vehicle Structure ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Guide Lines

Frontal vehicle structure is of high importance through crash energy managements and crash boxes are the fundamental structural component for vehicle safety as well as after sales issues. Similar to many other vehicle components, the detail design of crash box is usually part of manufacture knowhow. However, some guide lines are always available. In this article a general procedure is introduced for designing of crash box with the aid of novel thin walled structures and according to conventional crash scenarios. The problem is followed through some basic steps. Firstly, the crash box idea is selected through a wide range of previous investigated elements and is packaged in a real bench vehicle. Then thanks to the protection provided by the new crash box on the other more expensive components (e.g. headlamp, cooling pack, etc.), the effectiveness of this element are acknowledged through the low speed offset crash. Further on the robustness of new proposed crash box is approved by high speed crash simulations. The quasi-static simulations implemented during the analyses are carried out by finite element explicit code (Abaqus) and the FE modeling and dynamic simulation through the next steps are also performed in ANSA and PAM CRASH respectively. Finally in addition to the general crash box design proposed procedure, the achieved results demonstrated that the corrugated conical thin walled tubes deforms in regular and rather stable shape under both axial and oblique loadings. They also produced a reasonable reaction force versus deformations which leads to stiff and crashworthy energy absorber in comparison to traditional rectangular and even some special models like as origami shapes, and so they could be a valuable selection for crash box implementations in passenger cars.

The Consumer Rights Protection in Passenger Car Purchase and Sale Contracts: The Law Enforcement Analysis

Legal Concept ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Olesya Belova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Law ◽  
Self Protection

Introduction: the private law protection of consumer interests in modern trade relations is represented by a wide range of various tools that allow consumers to adequately protect their rights and restore justice. At the same time, the specifics of trade relations, whose subject is a passenger car intended for use for personal household purposes, and having the characteristics of a complex technical product, in some cases, due to the technical and legal illiteracy of the consumer, put consumers in a less favorable position as the least protected party. The purpose of the study is to identify current trends in judicial protection and self-defense of the rights of consumers as a party to the contract of purchase and sale of passenger cars. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are analysis, synthesis, generalization, and comparative jurisprudence. Results: the study analyzes the law enforcement materials over the past 2-3 years, identifies a cluster of the most relevant court proceedings arising from the protection of consumer rights when selling passenger cars (the disputes about setting deadlines for which it is impossible to use a passenger car for its intended purpose due to the need for repair work, the disputes about the conditions, the place and time of the technical inspection and maintenance of the car). The author expressed his opinion about the potential possibilities of using interactive information platforms to verify information about a product as a means of self-protection of consumer rights when buying and selling cars. Conclusions: the author insists on using a “flexible” approach in the field of application of the legislative norms when setting the deadlines for technical / repair work to eliminate malfunctions, and to count the entire period of the car’s stay on the territory of the service station within the specified period (currently, the judicial practice has taken the path of setting off only the time of the actual labor costs for repair work in the specified period according to the working schedule at the service enterprise). The author supports the position of the courts, which does not attach exceptional importance to the place and time of warranty repair and maintenance, and the protection of the interests of the consumer is not conditioned by the imperative requirements implanted in the service book. In the field of self-protection of the rights of car buyers, the author recommends wider use of the modern information platforms presented on the official websites of the state agencies, and the information obtained from these interactive platforms should be supported by the contract itself as its integral part.

Vehicle dynamics and control synthesis for four-wheel steering passenger cars

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-S You ◽  
S-K Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Torque Control ◽  
Disturbance Attenuation ◽  
Control Synthesis ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Linear Matrix ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
External Disturbances ◽  
Actuator Dynamics ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Wide Range

This paper is concerned with the active robust autopilot design of a four-wheel steering vehicle against external disturbances. Firstly, the effect of four-wheel steering and independent wheel torques for lateral/directional and roll motions is modelled by a set of linear models under proper manoeuvring conditions. To enhance the dynamic performance of an automobile system, a mixed H2/H∞ synthesis with pole constraint is designed on the basis of full state feedback applying linear matrix inequality (LMI) theory. For lateral/directional and roll motions, the steering angles are actively controlled by steering wheel angles through the actuator dynamics. The wheel power and braking are also controlled by independent wheel torques. Simulation results indicate that the proposed control approach can achieve predetermined performance (or acceptable level of disturbance attenuation) and stability as well as robustness even when external disturbances are severe. The active 4WS car along with steering and wheel torque control algorithms allows greater manoeuvrability and improved stability in a wide range of uncertainty.

Particle Characterisation of Modern CNG, Gasoline and Diesel Passenger Cars

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schreiber ◽  
A.-M. Forss ◽  
M. Mohr ◽  
P. Dimopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Particle Characterisation

scholarly journals Improving safety and reliability of Gazelle series vehicles by upgrading frame structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
M. S. Dolmatov ◽  
◽  
S. A. Ivanov ◽  
A. G. Isaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lap Welding

Introduction. The cargo frame is a load-bearing element of the car, since the body and chassis are installed on it. Therefore, high strength requirements are imposed on this node. For safe and reliable operation of the truck, the frame must be adjusted and balanced, since even minor changes in the geometry can negatively affect the overall condition and safe operation of the equipment. This article discusses methods for lengthening the load-bearing elements of trucks on the example of a light-duty car "GAZelle". Problem Statement. Car frame extension is a high-tech process that requires high precision, knowledge, and the use of a wide range of equipment. The extended frame adds a number of advantages to the car, which in turn makes it possible to transport cargo with larger dimensions. The main goal of this work is to enable the car to transport bulky cargo. Also, in the process of extending the frame, it is checked for cracks, breaks and corrosion foci and, if necessary, repairs are made, which increases the reliability, safety and service life of the entire structure as a whole. Theoretical Part. When extending the standard support, all attachments are removed from the car: fuel tanks, body, transmission, drive shaft. All that remains is the cab, the bridge, and the engine. Then the frame is cut in three places. Two cuts are made at a distance of 80 cm in the direction from the cab to the rear bridge, and the last one is made at a distance of 40 cm from the rear bridge in the direction of the rear overhang. Then a longer channel is installed on the frame. It is secured with rivets, bolts, or lap welding. After that, the structure is assembled back. This takes into account the redistribution of loads and the need for high-quality performance of all types of work. Conclusion. The frame is an integral part of not only trucks, but also an important component of passenger cars, as well as light-duty vehicles. Its technical condition is just as important as the condition of, for example, the braking system, as it also ensures the safety of both the driver and pedestrians. The lengthening of the frame in the conditions of repair and mechanical enterprises allows you to increase the load capacity of serial cars of the GAZelle series while ensuring their reliability and safety.

scholarly journals Hydrogen from Wood Gasification with CCS - a Technoenvironmental Analysis of Production and Use as Transport Fuel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Antonini ◽  
Karin Treyer ◽  
Emanuele Moioli ◽  
christian bauer ◽  
Marco Mazzotti
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Freight Trucks

<p>In the presented work, we performed an integrated techno-environmental assessment of hydrogen production from woody biomass gasification, combined with CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage (CCS). We have included three different types of gasification technologies for syngas production. CO<sub>2</sub> is captured from the syngas with conventional amine-based technology. Based on our integrated approach linking detailed process simulation with Life Cycle Assessment, we are able to quantify benefits and potential trade-offs of a wide range of process configurations from both technical and environmental perspectives in a consistent way. We have also performed a comparative evaluation of hydrogen use in fuel cell electric vehicles (passenger cars and freight trucks), to investigate the role of hydrogen in decarbonizing the transport sector.</p>

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