scholarly journals Reading Rate of Normal Vision Persons. Comparision With Low Vision persons.

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Marie Miwa ◽  
Hiromi Hayashi ◽  
Kazuko Kanno ◽  
Akio Kubo ◽  
Misako Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Normal Vision

scholarly journals Effects of Line Spacing on Reading Performance of Normally Sighted and Simulated Visually-Impaired Subjects: A Pilot Study Using Arabic Words

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Abdullah Z. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
White Background ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Letter Size ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

The study aims to evaluate the role of line spacing during reading in normal and visually-impaired persons. A total of 225 normally-sighted participants with mean age of 23.7 years were asked to read Arabic sentences in a randomized order. Each Arabic sentence contains 7 lines with and without simulated cataract. The words were printed with black letters on white background to enhance contrast and fonts were in Times New Roman and of N12 letter size. The reading pages were placed on reading stand situated 25 cm away from the subject’s eyes. The simulated cataract was created by using a Bernell Cling Patch Occluder. This reduced the visual acuity of all subjects to 20/60. Each line of the text was separated by different line spacing namely: single space, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 4.0 which represents, 0.5 cm, 0.8 cm, 1.1 cm, 1.4 cm, 1.7 cm and 2.0 cm, respectively. The sheets were presented randomly and participants’ voices were recorded as they read under a controlled time. The tape was analysed later and reading rate was calculated. There was a significant difference (p<0.0001) in reading rates between the normal sighted persons and the visually impaired persons for all line spacing. Modifying the spacing between lines in prints had a significant impact (p<0.0001) on the reading rate of the visually impaired but not in normally-sighted persons (p˃0.05). Intermediate line spacing (2 and 2.5) increased the reading rate of the visually impaired persons significantly more (p<0.001) than other line spacing, but smaller or larger line spacing slowed their reading rate, significantly (p<0.001). The visually-impaired persons reported that they felt the difference in reading prints with larger line spacing as compared with normal sighted participants who did not. It is beneficial to adequately modify the line spacing in prints commonly read by low vision persons. For Arab subjects the optimum line spacing to significantly improve reading in the visually impaired should range from 0.8 to 1.1 cm. This finding may be a useful for publishers of Arab prints targeting the visually impaired persons. Thus, the implication of the study in the field of health is that by establishing the least common line spacing visualized optimally among normal and simulated visually impaired persons would be fixed as default line spacing for Arab printing to achieve better reading performance.

Relative-size Magnification versus Relative-distance Magnification: Effect on the Reading Performance of Adults with Normal and Low Vision

1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lovie-Kitchin ◽  
Steve Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Optical Correction ◽  
Character Size ◽  
Print Size ◽  
Reading Distance ◽  
Magnification Effect

In the study reported here, the effect of character size on the reading rates of adults with normal and low vision was measured using both relative-size magnification (by which the print size is increased) and relative-distance magnification (by which the reading distance is decreased with appropriate optical correction). With relative-distance magnification, the reading rates of the subjects with normal vision were slower at close distances, but the results were small and inconsistent. For the subjects with low vision, the magnification method did not affect their reading rates.

Saccadic Eye Movements as a Measure of the Effect of Low Vision Rehabilitation on Reading Rate

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY T. MCMAHON ◽  
MITCHEL HANSEN ◽  
JOAN STELMACK ◽  
RAM OLIVER ◽  
MARLOS A. G. VIANA
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Low Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
Vision Rehabilitation

scholarly journals Alterations in Heart rate Variability in Blind Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaldo D. Moreno ◽  
Natália P. Moreno-Mantilla ◽  
Marcos V. M. Lima ◽  
Mauro J. D. Morais ◽  
Vitor E. Valenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
Hrv Analysis ◽  
Blind Patients

Abstract Blindness affect the daily life activities and the causes and prevalence are different worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of the autonomic nervous system modulation on the heart in blind and normal vision subjects submitted acutely to low vision. Normal vision (NV) subjects (N = 32) and blind patients (N = 24) were submitted to HRV analysis during resting, intervention and recovery periods. Intervention consisted of handling objects, short walking, and cognitive activities performed with pedagogic games while using sleeping masks. No difference was observed in indexes in the time and frequency domain, and in the geometric indexes comparing blind and NV subjected to acute low vision during resting and recovery. Nevertheless, during intervention, RMSSD, pNN50, and SD1were found lower in blind than in NV subjects. Therefore, blind patients showed similar HRV at resting or upon possible stressful challenges compared to NV subjects acutely subjected to low vision, indicating absence of differences in the cardiovascular risk between groups. In addition, blind patients show a smaller reduction in parasympathetic modulation on the heart during possible stressful challenges than NV individuals submitted to low vision, which is likely an important physiological adaptation for an adequate function of the cardiovascular system in blindness.

scholarly journals DIFICULTADES EN EL AUTOCONCEPTO DESDE LA NIÑEZ A LA JUVENTUD EN PERSONAS CON BAJA VISIÓN

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
M. Dolores López-Justicia
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Early School ◽  
Teaching Learning

Abstract.SELF-CONCEPT DIFFICULTIES FROM CHILDHOOD TO YOUTH IN PEOPLE WITH LOW VISIONThe present study had as its main objective to determine if children, adolescents, and young people with low vision, showed differences in the self-concept with respect to equal without visual difficulties. The total population of participants was divided into four age groups: 4 to 7 years, 8 to 11, 12 to 17 and 18 to 30 years. The results of the various analyzes carried out showed that those affected by low vision obtained lower scores in some dimensions of the self-concept in the four age groups, compared with peers of normal vision. This leads to highlight the need to act in the psycho Self-concept difficulties from childhood to youth in people with low vision The present study had as its main objective to determine if children, adolescents, and young people with low vision, showed differences in the self-concept with respect to equal without visual difficulties. The total population of participants was divided into four age groups: 4 to 7 years, 8 to 11, 12 to 17 and 18 to 30 years. The results of the various analyzes carried out showed that those affected by low vision obtained lower scores in some dimensions of the self-concept in the four age groups, compared with peers of normal vision. This leads to highlight the need to act in the psychoeducational field to influence the adequate development of the self-concept from the early school years. It is concluded by making a call of attention to teachers involved in their education, in order to provide support in the curricular areas that require it and introduce methodological changes in the teaching-learning process that will help these children and young people to improve their selfconcept and academic performance, as well as to facilitate their social inclusion.Keywords: self-concept; low vision; childhood; youth; educationResumen.El presente estudio se planteó como objetivo principal determinar si niños/as, adolescentes y jóvenes afectados de baja visión, mostraban diferencias en el autoconcepto respecto a iguales sin dificultades visuales. La población total de participantes se dividió en cuatro grupos de edades: de 4 a 7 años, de 8 a 11, de 12 a 17 y de 18 a 30 años. Los resultados de los distintos análisis efectuados pusieron de manifiesto que en los cuatro grupos de edad se obtuvieron puntuaciones más bajas en algunas dimensiones del autoconcepto en los afectados por baja visión, comparados con sus iguales de visión normal. Esto lleva a poner de relieve la conveniencia de actuar en el ámbito psico-educativo para incidir en el desarrollo adecuado del autoconcepto desde los primeros años escolares. Se concluye haciendo una llamada de atención a los docentes que intervienen en su educación con el fin de proporcionar apoyo en las áreas curriculares que lo requieran, e introducir cambios metodológicos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que permita ayudar a estos niños/as y jóvenes a mejorar su autoconcepto y rendimiento escolar, así como facilitar su inclusión social.Palabras clave: autoconcepto; baja visión; niñez; juventud; educación.

scholarly journals SELF-ESTEEM OF TEENS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS AS A PREDICTOR OF HARDINESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Miklyaeva ◽  
Irina A. Gorkovaya
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Health And Well Being

<p>The paper discusses the problem of visually impaired teens’ hardiness and its predictors. The results shows that teenagers with visual impairments do not differ from “healthy” peers in terms of hardiness, however, their self-esteem is different to teens with normal vision. Predictors of hardiness are: idealized representations of own health and well-being for blind adolescents; actual self-esteem of happiness and persprctive self-esteem for teenagers with low vision; actual self-esteem of happiness and mirrored self-esteem for “healthy” adolescents.</p>

Low Vision and Aniridia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Bulmann
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Functional Changes

Aniridia affects many visual aspects of one’s life. This chapter will highlight many of these effects. Functional changes that occur due to aniridia will be discussed. Once the patient’s vision is assessed and goals are established with a thorough eye examination, numerous avenues can be taken to ensure the support of all the patient’s health care providers. Referrals can be made to appropriate professionals to ensure full understanding and management of the ocular condition. Visual acuity is the measurement used to determine vision levels. Normal vision is 20/20, which means that what a normal person sees at 20 feet, the patient sees at 20 feet. If their vision is 20/40, they would need to be at a distance of 20 feet to see what someone with normal vision can see at 40 feet. The decrease in visual acuity in those with aniridia usually ranges from under 20/60 to as low as approximately 20/400. This is due to the lack of development of the macular area, or fovea. The fovea is responsible for our clearest, most precise vision. Those with visual acuity of 20/200 or worse that is best corrected while wearing spectacles or contact lenses in the better-seeing eye are considered legally blind. While most people who suffer from aniridia are not legally blind, they are visual impaired. Visual impairment is defined as visual acuity of 20/70 in the better-seeing eye when optimally corrected with glasses or contact lenses. The designation of “visual impairment” also has a functionality factor. If a person has a reduction in the ability of the eye or the visual system to perform to a normal ability, he/she is considered visually impaired. Visual field is the measurement of peripheral vision. Those with aniridia may have decreased peripheral vision. This is not directly due to aniridia, but rather to glaucoma, which may develop due to structural changes in the eye. Glaucoma is explained in detail in the glaucoma chapter of this book.

READING RATE CAN BE PREDICTED FROM LOW VISION ASSESSMENT

1995 ◽  
Vol 72 (SUPPLEMENT) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jan E. Lovie-Kitchin ◽  
Steve Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Vision Assessment
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