Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder which is characterized by elevated blood sugar level. It is a major cause of blindness in our country, which is preventable and treatable, if healthy practice and knowledge regarding this disease is applied. The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Diabetic Retinopathy, amongst diabetic patients attending eye OPD in GMC Jammu.Methods: 300 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus attending eye OPD, over a period of 10 months, in GMC Jammu, were incorporated in this study. Self administered questionnaires were used to assess knowledge, practice and attitude of diabetic retinopathy amongst the diabetic patient, after their due consent.Results: This study incorporated 300 diabetic patients out of which 168 (56%) were males and 132 (44%) were females. Most of the patients (70%) were aware of the fact that diabetes can cause eye disorders. 67.33% believed that they should go for regular eye check-ups. 79.33% agreed that timely intervention can delay the complications in diabetic eye disease.Conclusions: Diabetes can lead to serious ocular complications which can be prevented by appropriate awareness and optimistic attitude and good approach towards the disease.

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Oxidative Stress as the Main Target in Diabetic Retinopathy Pathophysiology

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/8562408 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Olvera-Montaño Cecilia ◽

Castellanos-González José Alberto ◽

Navarro-Partida José ◽

Cardona-Muñoz Ernesto Germán ◽

López-Contreras Ana Karen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Vision Impairment ◽

Complications Of Diabetes ◽

Cellular Degeneration ◽

Neural Damage ◽

Main Target ◽

Focus Point

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) causing vision impairment even at young ages. There are numerous mechanisms involved in its development such as inflammation and cellular degeneration leading to endothelial and neural damage. These mechanisms are interlinked thus worsening the diabetic retinopathy outcome. In this review, we propose oxidative stress as the focus point of this complication onset.

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Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus

World Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.92 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 92 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Nihat Sayin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Ocular Complications ◽

Complications Of Diabetes

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Microvascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU)

10.5772/intechopen.96548 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Maria Dascalu ◽

Dragos Serban ◽

Nikolaos Papanas ◽

Peter Kempler ◽

Manfredi Rizzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Complications Of Diabetes ◽

Microvascular Changes ◽

Diabetic Foot Lesions

Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot ulcer are the most frequent, but also the most disabling complications of diabetes mellitus, with a sinister impact on patients’ quality of life. Microvascular changes related to the deleterious effect of chronic hyperglycemia play an important role in the pathophysiology of both clinical entities by multiple molecular pathways. Vision-threating diabetic retinopathy may be treated by laser photocoagulation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and vitreoretinal surgery. Diabetic foot lesions are best treated by revascularization if needed, off-loading, infection control and therapeutic adjuncts (e.g. special dressings). Treatment should ideally be offered by a multidisciplinary expert team. Prevention and early detection, along with adequate control of glucose, lipids and arterial hypertension are of paramount importance to avoid and mitigate these fearful complications.

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Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

10.2310/neuro.1158 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Dagogo-Jack

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Diabetic Complications ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Complications Of Diabetes ◽

Risk Of Death

The long-term complications of diabetes mellitus include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy can result in loss of vision; nephropathy may lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD); and neuropathy poses the risk of foot ulcers, amputation, Charcot joints, sexual dysfunction, and potentially disabling dysfunction of the stomach, bowel, and bladder. Hyperglycemia sufficient to cause pathologic and functional changes in target tissues may be present for some time before clinical symptoms lead to a diagnosis of diabetes, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients are also at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular disease. These conditions may be related to hyperglycemia, as well as to the hypertension and abnormal lipoprotein profiles that are often found in diabetic patients. Prevention of these complications is a major goal of current therapeutic policy and recommendations for all but transient forms of diabetes. This chapter describes the pathogenesis, screening, prevention, and treatment of diabetic complications, as well as the management of hyperglycemia in the hospitalized patient. Figures illustrate the pathways that link high blood glucose levels to microvascular and macrovascular complications; fundus abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy; the natural history of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes; cumulative incidence of first cardiovascular events, stroke, or death from cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes; the effect of intensive glycemic therapy on the risk of myocardial infarction, major cardiovascular event, or cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes; and risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes who receive intensive therapy of multiple risk factors or conventional therapy. Tables describe screening schedules for diabetic complications in adults, foot care recommendations for patients with diabetes, and comparison of major trials of intensive glucose control. This chapter has 238 references.

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