scholarly journals Combination of Pretreatments with Acetic Acid and Sodium Methoxide for Efficient Digoxin Preparation from Digitalis Glycosides in <i>Digitalis lanata</i> Leaves

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (05) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Higashi ◽  
Yukari Ikeda ◽  
Youichi Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Digitalis Glycosides ◽  
Digitalis Lanata

The Conversion of Steroidal Ring B Lactones into Ortho Esters: Preparation of 7,7-Dimethoxy-6-oxaestra-1,3,5(10)-triene Derivatives

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Bourke ◽  
David J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Ortho Ester ◽  
Methyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate ◽  
Ortho Esters

17β-t-Butyldimethylsilyloxy-3-methoxy-6-oxaestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-7-one (1), prepared in three steps from 17b-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-oxaestra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-7-one (5a), was converted via the corresponding phenolic acid into 1β-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5β-(2′-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)-N,7aβ-dimethyl-N-phenyl-2,3,3aα,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-1H-indene-4α-carboxamide (17c). Subjection of (17c) to a reaction sequence with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium methoxide/methanol, and then dry methanol/acetic acid gave a low yield (12%) of the ortho ester 3,7,7,17β-tetramethoxy- 6-oxaestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (2b), together with 5β-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)-1β-methoxy-N,7aβ-dimethyl-N-phenyl-2,3,3aα,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-1H-indene-4α-carboxamide (17e) (29%), 8% of (17a), the 1β-hydroxy analogue of (17e) and 3% of methyl 5-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)-1β-methoxy-7aβ-methyl-2,3,3aα,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-1H-indene-4α-carboxylate (11c). The outcome of this reaction sequence was complex, and very sensitive to minor changes in conditions. Several related transformations are described, and possible mechanistic pathways are discussed.

Preparation of 1,6:3,4-dianhydro-β-D-altropyranose as starting substance for the synthesis of 3-substituted D-mannose derivatives

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2415-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Doležalová ◽  
Tomáš Trnka ◽  
Miloslav Černý
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Bromide ◽  
Mannose Derivatives

Acetolysis of 1,6 : 3,4-dianhydro-2-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-β-D-galactopyranose (I) gave 3,4-di-O-acetyl-1,6-anhydro-2-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-β-D-glucopyranose (II) which was converted with sodium methoxide to 1,6 : 3,4-dianhydro-β-D-altropyranose (X). The 1,6-anhydride bond in diacetate II was cleaved with acetic anhydride or hydrogen bromide in acetic acid under formation of a mixture of anomeric tetraacetates of 2-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-D-glucopyranose or the corresponding acetates of α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide XIII and its 6-bromo-6-deoxy derivative XIV.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Substituted 4-Methoxy-1H-quinolin-2-ones

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1066-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Ramasamy ◽  
V. Balasubramaniam ◽  
K. Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Second Step ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Phosphorous Oxychloride ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Sodium Methoxide Solution

An efficient method for the synthesis of various substituted 4-methoxy-1H-quinolin-2-ones from various substituted aniline with malonic acid, phosphorous oxychloride, sodium methoxide and glacial acetic acid under different conditions is described. The title compounds were synthesized from three steps; the first step involved the synthesis of substituted 2, 4-dichloro quinoline from aniline (substituted), with malonic acid and phosphorous-oxychloride. In the second step, the substituted 2, 4 dichloro compounds was heated with freshly prepared methanolic sodium methoxide solution to give 2, 4-dimethoxy quinoline compounds, it was then refluxed with glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid to give the titled compounds in the final step. The purity of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by their C, H and N analysis and the structure was analyzed on the basics of Mass, FT-IR and1H NMR.

Studies on Intramolecular Alkylation, XI. An Adventitious Synthesis of a 1,4-Ethanopentalene Derivative from a Norbornenone-Derived Diazomethyl Ketone

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
LN Mander ◽  
C Wilshire
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Intramolecular Alkylation ◽  
Acetic Acid Treatment

The C2-epimeric mixture of 2-chloro-7-formylbicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonitriles (5) was homologated by simple synthetic steps to the norbornenone-derived acids (12) and (13). The diazomethyl ketone derived from (12), on treatment with BF3,Et2O in nitromethane, gave (lα(,3aβ,4α(,6aβ)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-1,4-ethanopentalene-2(1H),8-dione (20). Structure (20) was deduced from cleavage by sodium methoxide to a symmetrical methyl ester derived from bicyclo-[3,2,1]oct-6-en-3-one. The structure of the reported product dione (8) from the acetic acid treatment of diazoketone (7) has been revised to (21).

scholarly journals An Improved and Plant Viable Synthesis of Vitamin K1

2021 ◽  
pp. 538-547
Author(s):  
Prasad Panchabhai ◽  
Neelakandan Kaliaperumal ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Mannathusamy ◽  
Anbuselvan Chinnadurai
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
New Approach

An improved and simplified process of vitamin K1 preparation. The article confers the new reagent BF3. Acetic acid complex as a condensation reagent for phytol with compound III in vitamin K1 synthesis, which eludes the use of ethereal reagent and make the process hazard free. Further innovation presents base catalyzed synthesis of vitamin K1 which is an oxidative product of compound IV. Sodium methoxide base is used in synthesis which eliminates use of metal oxidant, costly and hazardous reagent. The new approach ensures the non-generation of epoxide impurity (V) which tends to form during Ag2O catalyzed synthesis. Finally, article also focused on formation and conformation of 7R and 11R diastereomeric centers and ensure the formation of vitamin k1 with desired stereochemistry also article submit proof of concept and supporting literature survey for desired stereochemistry.

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

Immunocytochemical localization of desmin and vimentin in chick embryonic myocardial cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Yukiko Sugi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Intermediate Filament Protein ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Immunofluorescence Study ◽  
Immunofluorescent Localization ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
Semithin Sections ◽  
Filament Protein

In cultured skeletal muscle cells of chick, one intermediate filament protein, vimentin, is primarily formed and then synthesis of desmin follows. Coexistence of vimentin and desmin has been immunocytochemically confirmed in chick embryonic skeletal musclecells. Immunofluorescent localization of vimentin and desmin has been described in developing myocardial cells of hamster. However, initial localization of desmin and vimentin in early embryonic heart has not been reported in detail. By quick-freeze deep-etch method a loose network of intermediate filaments was revealed to exist surrounding myofibrils. In this report, immunocytochemical localization of desmin and vimentin is visualized in early stages of chick embryonic my ocardium.Chick embryos, Hamburger-Hamilton (H-H) stage 8 to hatch, and 1 day old postnatal chicks were used in this study. For immunofluorescence study, each embryo was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in Epon 812. De-epoxinized with sodium methoxide, semithin sections were stained with primary antibodies (rabbit anti-desmin antibody and anti-vimentin antibody)and secondary antibody (RITC conjugated goat-anti rabbit IgG).

Increased expression of an amino acid transporter LAT1 in healing of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer in rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A153-A153
Author(s):  
S MIYAMOTO ◽  
K KATO ◽  
Y ISHII ◽  
S ASAI ◽  
T NAGAISHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Chronic Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Acid Transporter

358: Intravesical Botulinum Toxin a Administration Produces Analgesia Against Acetic Acid Induced Bladder Pain Responses in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
Yao-Chi Chuang ◽  
Naoki Yoshimura ◽  
Chao-Cheng Huang ◽  
Po-Hui Chiang ◽  
Michael B. Chancellor
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Pain Responses
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