scholarly journals Cholera in Guinea: The Implication for Safe Water Sources and Sanitations

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Mamady ◽  
Sylla Mafoule
Keyword(s):  
Water Sources ◽  
Safe Water

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC SAFE GROUNDWATER SOURCES IN BAUCHI STATE NIGERIA: A BASELINE STATUS FOR MONITORING PROGRESS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
O. I Ndububa
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Monitoring Progress

The performance status of access to safe water sources in a community is determined by the percentage of the population using domestic water sources that meet international standards. Nigeria achieved a total of about 67% of the population with access to safe water sources by 2015 at the end of the period of the Millennium Development Goals. Ensuring universal access to safe and affordable drinking water for all requires investment inadequate infrastructure, this requirement led to the investigation of facilities currently available in Bauchi State of Nigeria. A baseline survey was conducted in the State towards monitoring progress on development goals, the baseline survey covered safe water sources and health facilities in State. It was found that Dambam Local Government Area recorded the highest access of 60.6% of the population with access to safe water sources, 33.33% of the population in Bauchi Local Government Area has access to public safe water sources while the lowest access recorded 5.26% in Toro Local Government Area. The functionality status of installed safe water sources in the State is currently low; Bauchi Local Government Area recorded a functionality status of 46% for the public motorized schemes and 66% functionality status for the handpump equipped boreholes. It was recommended that in working towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal number 6, massive repair and rehabilitation exercise is required to be carried out on non-functional water supply sources in the State to improve the access to safe water sources.

scholarly journals Shigella infection in children under 5 years old in western French Guiana

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (8) ◽  
pp. 980-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parisot ◽  
N. Parez ◽  
R. Boukhari ◽  
S. Breurec ◽  
A. Jolivet
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
As Species ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractFrench Guiana, a tropical country, is characterised by a young and multi-ethnic population. Difficulties in accessing safe water sources lead to outbreaks of gastroenteritis. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the microbiological profile of shigella strains isolated in western French Guiana, including antimicrobial susceptibility and the distribution of strains in terms of species and serotypes and (2) to estimate the incidence of shigellosis in children under 5 years old. A retrospective observational study was conducted of 213 cases of shigellosis diagnosed in the biology department of the hospital centre for western French Guiana between 2000 and 2012 in children under 5 years old. The serogroups (formerly known as species) that predominates in French Guiana wasShigella flexneri. No resistance was observed to fluoroquinolones or to third-generation cephalosporins. The average incidence of shigellosis in children under 5 years old in western French Guiana was estimated at 189.6 cases per 100 000 inhabitants per year. Shigellosis is a public health problem in western French Guiana. These infections suggest the difficulties in accessing safe water sources and the lack of public sanitation. A quadrivalent vaccine containingShigella sonneiand three serotypes ofS. flexneri(S. flexneri2a, 3a and 6) could provide broad coverage against shigella infections.

scholarly journals Factors associated with adherence to safe water chain practices among refugees in Pagirinya refugee settlement, Northern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-408
Author(s):  
Thomas Mugumya ◽  
John Bosco Isunju ◽  
Tonny Ssekamatte ◽  
Solomon Tsebeni Wafula ◽  
Richard K. Mugambe
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Water Chain ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Household Heads

Abstract Poor adherence to safe water chain practices is a major obstacle to consumption of safe drinking water. In refugee settings, adherence to safe water chain is critical in minimizing water-related diseases. Despite this, little is known about the level of adherence to safe water chain and associated factors, especially in emergency settings. In this study, we interviewed 400 household heads in Pagrinya refugee camp in Northern Uganda and assessed household level adherence to safe water chain practice and associated factors. Modified Poisson regression was used to model the association between adherence to safe water chain and independent variables. All households utilized improved water sources and 74.0% had high adherence to safe water chain. Having post-primary education and high level of knowledge about the safe water chain were positive predictors of high adherence to the safe water chain while round travel time exceeding 1 hour during water collection was negatively associated with high adherence. There is a need for awareness campaigns on safe water chain maintenance among refugees without any formal education. Constructing more water sources would also minimize round travel time during water collection and enable households to collect sufficient water that enables hygienic water storage and use.

scholarly journals Contextual and Psychosocial Factors Influencing the Use of Safe Water Sources: A Case of Madeya Village, uMkhanyakude District, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Chanelle Mulopo ◽  
Chester Kalinda ◽  
Moses J. Chimbari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Regulation Model

Background: Schistosomiasis is a public health problem that affects over 240 million people worldwide. It is mostly prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical areas among communities with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. This study was conducted in uMkhanyakude District in rural South Africa, where water resources are limited. In this community, individuals frequently come into contact with freshwater bodies for various reasons. The objective of the study was to identify critical contextual and psychosocial factors for behaviour change to reduce risk of schistosomiasis transmission in Madeya Village, uMkhanyakude district. Methods: Structured household interviews were held with 57 primary caregivers to assess their thoughts and attitudes towards collecting water from a safe source. We used the Risk, Attitude, Norm, Ability, and Self-regulation model (RANAS) to estimate the intervention potential for each factor by analysing differences in means between groups of current performers and nonperformers who use safe water sources. Results: The subscale vulnerability belonging to the risk factor on the RANAS was scored as low. Furthermore, attitudinal factors towards the use of safe water sources were found to be low. Ability factors (confidence in performance and confidence in recovery) towards the use of safe water sources were low as well, indicating that these factors should be the target of the intervention in the study area. Discussion: Based on this study, it is recommended that a community-based empowerment intervention strategy it appropriate. The strategy should prompt behavioural practice and public commitment, use persuasive language to boost self-efficacy and target younger low-income caregivers between 18 and 35 years of age.

scholarly journals Mapping Ground Water Access in Two Rural Communes of Burkina Faso

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Silvia Díaz-Alcaide ◽  
Wennegouda Jean-Pierre Sandwidi ◽  
Pedro Martínez-Santos ◽  
Miguel Martín-Loeches ◽  
José Luis Cáceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Access ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Water Point ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of

Granting safe water access worldwide is a major objective of the Sustainable Development Goals. Water access is a manifold concept that encompasses collection time, distance from the household, water quality, affordability, and reliability of water sources, among other factors. GIS-based methods can be particularly useful in improving water access estimates, particularly in rural areas of developing countries. Based on an extensive water point database (n = 770), this paper explores the main challenges involved in mapping water access in two rural communes of Burkina Faso. Water access is estimated in terms of coverage per surface area. Coverage is filtered into four distinct categories of improved water sources, namely existing infrastructures, operational infrastructures, permanent infrastructures, and permanent infrastructures that provide safe water. The outcomes suggest that the study area is better endowed with water access than rural Burkina Faso and the remainder of the African continent, although there are important questions regarding groundwater quality. The outcomes highlight the conceptual differences between coverage and access, as well as some of the practical difficulties involved in estimating water access beyond standard ratios. The shortcomings include the absence of continuous monitoring of infrastructure functionality and water quality, as well as water affordability, among others. Enhancing national borehole databases with items aligned with the United Nations’ definition of water access is recommended.

scholarly journals Population-based study of intra-household gender differences in water insecurity: reliability and validity of a survey instrument for use in rural Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Tsai ◽  
Bernard Kakuhikire ◽  
Rumbidzai Mushavi ◽  
Dagmar Vořechovská ◽  
Jessica M. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Household Water

Hundreds of millions of people worldwide lack adequate access to water. Water insecurity, which is defined as having limited or uncertain availability of safe water or the ability to acquire safe water in socially acceptable ways, is typically overlooked by development organizations focusing on water availability. To address the urgent need in the literature for validated measures of water insecurity, we conducted a population-based study in rural Uganda with 327 reproductive-age women and 204 linked men from the same households. We used a novel method of photo identification so that we could accurately elicit study participants’ primary household water sources, thereby enabling us to identify water sources for objective water quality testing and distance/elevation measurement. Our psychometric analyses provided strong evidence of the internal structure, reliability, and validity of a new eight-item Household Water Insecurity Access Scale (HWIAS). Important intra-household gender differences in perceptions of water insecurity were observed, with men generally perceiving household water insecurity as being less severe compared to women. In summary, the HWIAS represents a reliable and valid measure of water insecurity, particularly among women, and may be useful for informing and evaluating interventions to improve water access in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Microbial quality of improved drinking water sources: evidence from western Kenya and southern Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin A. Grady ◽  
Emmanuel C. Kipkorir ◽  
Kien Nguyen ◽  
E. R. Blatchley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Public And Private Sector

In recent decades, more than 2 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources thanks to extensive effort from governments, and public and private sector entities. Despite this progress, many water sector development interventions do not provide access to safe water or fail to be sustained for long-term use. The authors examined drinking water quality of previously implemented water improvement projects in three communities in western Kenya and three communities in southern Vietnam. The cross-sectional study of 219 households included measurements of viable Escherichia coli. High rates of E. coli prevalence in these improved water sources were found in many of the samples. These findings suggest that measures above and beyond the traditional ‘improved source’ definition may be necessary to ensure truly safe water throughout these regions.

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