scholarly journals Are Invasive Genotypes Superior? An Experimental Approach Using Native and Invasive Genotypes of the Invasive Grass <i>Phalaris Arundinacea</i>

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Molofsky ◽  
Alexandra R. Collins ◽  
Eric Imbert ◽  
Tadas Bitinas ◽  
Sébastien Lavergne
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Invasive Grass

Long-Term Assessment of Alternative Strategies for the Restoration of Floodplain Forest in the Presence of an Invasive Grass, Phalaris arundinacea

Wetlands ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Matthews ◽  
Susan McIntyre ◽  
Ariane L. Peralta ◽  
Cassandra Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Alternative Strategies

Effects of an Invasive Grass (Phalaris Arundinacea) on Water Availability in Semi-Arid Riparian Zones

Wetlands ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Gebauer ◽  
Rebecca Brown ◽  
Suzanne Schwab ◽  
Carmen Nezat ◽  
Camille McNeely
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Semi Arid

Environmental and genetic effects on the early survival and growth of the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1447-1453
Author(s):  
Shannon L Morrison ◽  
Jane Molofsky
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Canary Grass

Both genetic and environmental factors can determine whether an invasive plant species will establish. To determine how these factors influence the establishment of the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass), we grew three genotypes in 10 artificial environments and asked how a genotype's growth and survivorship was affected by environmental conditions. We found that genotype strongly influenced survivorship, but there was no significant effect of environment on survivorship. However, environmental conditions did significantly affect growth. Individual plants produced more aboveground and belowground biomass when grown singly than they did when grown with competitors. The identity of neighboring competitors had no effect. Although genotype had no significant efffect, there was a significant genotype × environment interaction. Clone 1 produced more root biomass than either clone 2 or clone 3 when there was no or little competition, but in competitive neighborhoods, clone 3 allocated relatively more biomass to roots than to shoots. Under ideal conditions in the greenhouse, clone 2 produced more tillers than the other two clones. Based on these results, it appears that clone 1 may have an advantage under sparse vegetative cover, but clone 3 may have a competitive advantage in highly competitive neighborhoods because it could preferentially allocate more biomass to roots. The presence of three growth patterns from such a small, localized sample suggests that different growth strategies are probably common within populations of reed canary grass and may be important for allowing reed canary grass to successfully invade new habitats.

Effects of genotypes, soil moisture, and competition on the growth of an invasive grass, Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1939-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L Morrison ◽  
Jane Molofsky
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Canary Grass

The successful establishment of an invasive plant species in a new environment depends upon the interplay between the plant's genetic diversity and morphological plasticity and the physical and biotic environment it encounters. To determine the relative importance of these factors in influencing the spread of the invasive grass, Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass), we transplanted three genotypes into a pasture that contained variable soil moisture, species composition, and vegetative cover. We found that P. arundinacea produced more above- and below-ground biomass in sparsely vegetated plots than in densely vegetated plots, but biomass production was not affected by soil moisture. There was also a significant clone beta vegetative cover interaction. Genotypes differed in how strongly their growth was inhibited by dense vegetative cover. Vegetative cover also influenced biomass allocation patterns. As vegetative cover increased, P. arundinacea allocated more biomass to roots, a strategy that gives transplants a competitive advantage during the following spring. Our results suggest that, because it grows poorly in high vegetative cover, P. arundinacea is most likely to become a pest in disturbed or low-density plant communities. Furthermore, differences among genotypes in their response to vegetative cover suggest that continual introductions of new genotypes of reed canary grass substantially increase the chance that a particular genotype will flourish and spread.Key words: biomass allocation, competition, invasive species, morphological plasticity, plant invasions, Phalaris arundinacea, reed canary grass.

Genetic composition and morphological variation among populations of the invasive grass, Phalaris arundinacea

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy LS Gifford ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Ferdy ◽  
Jane Molofsky
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Genetic Bottlenecks

Species that become invasive after being introduced into a new range often experience genetic bottlenecks and strong selection to adapt to their new environment. We looked for evidence of such processes in unmanaged populations of invasive reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). This grass species is planted as a forage crop in North America but has also invaded wetland areas. We compared isozyme variation in pasture and wetland populations of this species. We did not find any indication of a genetic bottleneck: wetland populations comprised as much diversity as pasture populations and both had as much diversity as the two cultivated varieties of reed canary grass that we sampled. We also cultivated plants from wetland and pasture populations and estimated genetic variance for several morphological traits. We did not find any significant differentiation to suggest differential selection between populations from the two habitats. In fact, we found the highest amount of genetic diversity, both isozymic and quantitative, within populations. We also found strong evidence that reed canary grass reproduces primarily clonally. The implications of these observations in terms of the origin of invasive populations of reed canary grass are discussed.Key words: invasive species, Phalaris arundinacea, reed canary grass.

Experimental Determination of the Effective Resolution Limit in Thick Specimens at High Voltages

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Mircea Fotino
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Resolution Level

The use of thick specimens (0.5 μm to 5.0 μm or more) is one of the most resourceful applications of high-voltage electron microscopy in biological research. However, the energy loss experienced by the electron beam in the specimen results in chromatic aberration and thus in a deterioration of the effective resolving power. This sets a limit to the maximum usable specimen thickness when investigating structures requiring a certain resolution level.An experimental approach is here described in which the deterioration of the resolving power as a function of specimen thickness is determined. In a manner similar to the Rayleigh criterion in which two image points are considered resolved at the resolution limit when their profiles overlap such that the minimum of one coincides with the maximum of the other, the resolution attainable in thick sections can be measured by the distance from minimum to maximum (or, equivalently, from 10% to 90% maximum) of the broadened profile of a well-defined step-like object placed on the specimen.

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

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