scholarly journals Small-scale genotypic richness stabilizes plot biomass and increases phenotypic variance in the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra R Collins ◽  
Brian Beckage ◽  
Jane Molofsky
Keyword(s):  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Genotypic Richness

Long-Term Assessment of Alternative Strategies for the Restoration of Floodplain Forest in the Presence of an Invasive Grass, Phalaris arundinacea

Wetlands ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Matthews ◽  
Susan McIntyre ◽  
Ariane L. Peralta ◽  
Cassandra Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Alternative Strategies

Effects of an Invasive Grass (Phalaris Arundinacea) on Water Availability in Semi-Arid Riparian Zones

Wetlands ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Gebauer ◽  
Rebecca Brown ◽  
Suzanne Schwab ◽  
Carmen Nezat ◽  
Camille McNeely
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Are Invasive Genotypes Superior? An Experimental Approach Using Native and Invasive Genotypes of the Invasive Grass <i>Phalaris Arundinacea</i>

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Molofsky ◽  
Alexandra R. Collins ◽  
Eric Imbert ◽  
Tadas Bitinas ◽  
Sébastien Lavergne
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Invasive Grass

Environmental and genetic effects on the early survival and growth of the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1447-1453
Author(s):  
Shannon L Morrison ◽  
Jane Molofsky
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Canary Grass

Both genetic and environmental factors can determine whether an invasive plant species will establish. To determine how these factors influence the establishment of the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass), we grew three genotypes in 10 artificial environments and asked how a genotype's growth and survivorship was affected by environmental conditions. We found that genotype strongly influenced survivorship, but there was no significant effect of environment on survivorship. However, environmental conditions did significantly affect growth. Individual plants produced more aboveground and belowground biomass when grown singly than they did when grown with competitors. The identity of neighboring competitors had no effect. Although genotype had no significant efffect, there was a significant genotype × environment interaction. Clone 1 produced more root biomass than either clone 2 or clone 3 when there was no or little competition, but in competitive neighborhoods, clone 3 allocated relatively more biomass to roots than to shoots. Under ideal conditions in the greenhouse, clone 2 produced more tillers than the other two clones. Based on these results, it appears that clone 1 may have an advantage under sparse vegetative cover, but clone 3 may have a competitive advantage in highly competitive neighborhoods because it could preferentially allocate more biomass to roots. The presence of three growth patterns from such a small, localized sample suggests that different growth strategies are probably common within populations of reed canary grass and may be important for allowing reed canary grass to successfully invade new habitats.

Effects of genotypes, soil moisture, and competition on the growth of an invasive grass, Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1939-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L Morrison ◽  
Jane Molofsky
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Canary Grass

The successful establishment of an invasive plant species in a new environment depends upon the interplay between the plant's genetic diversity and morphological plasticity and the physical and biotic environment it encounters. To determine the relative importance of these factors in influencing the spread of the invasive grass, Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass), we transplanted three genotypes into a pasture that contained variable soil moisture, species composition, and vegetative cover. We found that P. arundinacea produced more above- and below-ground biomass in sparsely vegetated plots than in densely vegetated plots, but biomass production was not affected by soil moisture. There was also a significant clone beta vegetative cover interaction. Genotypes differed in how strongly their growth was inhibited by dense vegetative cover. Vegetative cover also influenced biomass allocation patterns. As vegetative cover increased, P. arundinacea allocated more biomass to roots, a strategy that gives transplants a competitive advantage during the following spring. Our results suggest that, because it grows poorly in high vegetative cover, P. arundinacea is most likely to become a pest in disturbed or low-density plant communities. Furthermore, differences among genotypes in their response to vegetative cover suggest that continual introductions of new genotypes of reed canary grass substantially increase the chance that a particular genotype will flourish and spread.Key words: biomass allocation, competition, invasive species, morphological plasticity, plant invasions, Phalaris arundinacea, reed canary grass.

Genetic composition and morphological variation among populations of the invasive grass, Phalaris arundinacea

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy LS Gifford ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Ferdy ◽  
Jane Molofsky
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Genetic Bottlenecks

Species that become invasive after being introduced into a new range often experience genetic bottlenecks and strong selection to adapt to their new environment. We looked for evidence of such processes in unmanaged populations of invasive reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). This grass species is planted as a forage crop in North America but has also invaded wetland areas. We compared isozyme variation in pasture and wetland populations of this species. We did not find any indication of a genetic bottleneck: wetland populations comprised as much diversity as pasture populations and both had as much diversity as the two cultivated varieties of reed canary grass that we sampled. We also cultivated plants from wetland and pasture populations and estimated genetic variance for several morphological traits. We did not find any significant differentiation to suggest differential selection between populations from the two habitats. In fact, we found the highest amount of genetic diversity, both isozymic and quantitative, within populations. We also found strong evidence that reed canary grass reproduces primarily clonally. The implications of these observations in terms of the origin of invasive populations of reed canary grass are discussed.Key words: invasive species, Phalaris arundinacea, reed canary grass.

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document