scholarly journals Studies on Mechanical and End-Use Properties of Natural Rubber Filled with Snail Shell Powder

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (07) ◽  
pp. 801-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Ogbennaya Igwe ◽  
Augustina Adanna Ejim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
End Use ◽  
Shell Powder

scholarly journals Studies on the Transport of Aromatic Solvents through Filled Natural Rubber

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac O. Igwe ◽  
Obumneme E. Ezeani
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Aromatic Solvents ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Powder Content ◽  
Shell Powder

The transport of three aromatic solvents (benzene, toluene and xylene) through snail shell powder filled natural rubber was studied at 313, 333, and 353 K by conventional weight-gain experiments. The effects of snail shell powder content, particle size, nature of solvent, and temperature on the transport characteristics of natural rubber were determined. The estimated Arrhenius activation energies for the processes of sorption, diffusion, and permeation showed that the activation energies were highest in xylene at all the filler contents investigated. The calculated enthalpies, and entropies of sorption were all positive for the solvents investigated. Similarly, the change in the estimated free energies of sorption were all positive; an indication of the non-spontaneity of the solubility of snail shell powder filled natural rubber in the aromatic solvents at 313 k.

scholarly journals Analysis of tensile strength, microstructure, and fractograph of Al-Si with snail shell powder as reinforce agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 1034 (1) ◽  
pp. 012131
Author(s):  
Poppy Puspitasari ◽  
Galy Dwi Susilo ◽  
Aminnudin ◽  
Yanuar Rohmat Aji Pradana ◽  
Andika Bagus Nur Rahma Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Shell Powder

Migration of Antioxidants and Accelerators in Natural and Synthetic Rubber II. Sulfenamide System Studies and Comparison of Age Resister Migration under Inert and Practical Conditions

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 892-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Lewis ◽  
Marvin L. Deviney ◽  
Lawrence E. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Oil Migration ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
End Use ◽  
In Cis

Abstract Radiochemical techniques developed for studying extender oil migration in various elastomers have been adapted for use in investigating the migration of age resisters and curatives. This paper contains basic diffusion coefficient data for nine compounds including both staining and nonstaining antioxidants and members of the sulfenamide, thiazole and thiuram accelerator series. Techniques for synthesizing these age resisters and curatives in the carbon-14 and sulfur-35 labelled form are described. Migration was studied in natural rubber, SBR, cis-polybutadiene and EPT vulcanizates. Computer techniques were used to calculate diffusion coefficients from radiochemical count data. Results from preliminary migration studies under practical curing and end-use conditions are also presented. In the case of phenyl-2-naphthylamine migration in cis-polybutadiene, a pronounced decrease in diffusivity with increasing surface area of the carbon black filler was observed.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Snail Shell-Based Cement Mortar: Mechanical Strength, Durability and Microstructure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suseela Alla ◽  
SS. Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Shell Powder

Abstract Snail shells are the discarded bio-shell waste from restaurants, and oceans creating huge environmental problems for society. Living organisms are harmed when these shells are released. As previously stated, the work focuses primarily on the utilisation of snail shell powder as a raw ingredient in cement mortar. The mechanical and durability features of snail shell-based cement mortar were compared to the nominal mortar in this study. Snail shell powder, ranging from 0% to 35%, was used to partially substitute cement in mortar, with a variation of 5%. XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) was used to determine the chemical composition of both mixes. The mechanical properties of mortar for both mixes were determined using a compressive strength test. The tests on cement mortar viz., Water Absorption, Sorptivity, Acid Durability, and Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCP Test) were compared with nominal mortar mix. According to the results of the investigation, the optimum use of snail shell powder is 30%. The durability of both mixes increased by the increase of the snail shell powder. To detect the C-S-H gel formations, microstructural analysis was performed for both mixes.

Effect of Oyster Shell Powder Loading on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Natural Rubber/Oyster Shell Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lefan Li ◽  
Zongqiang Zeng ◽  
Zhifen Wang ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
Xiaodong She ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Oyster Shell Powder ◽  
Shell Powder

The oyster shell powder/natural rubber composites were successfully prepared by blending the modified oyster shell powder with natural rubber (NR). The oyster shell powder with a particle size of 209 nm were well distributed within the rubber matrix. The characteristic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) absorption bands of both oyster shell powder and natural rubber were observed in the FTIR spectra of NR/oyster shell powder composites. The C-O absorption bands in carbonates of composites exhibit a shift from 1425 cm−1 to 1446 cm−1 which suggests the bonds formed among oyster shell powder, earth coupling agent and NR. The tensile strength and stress at 500% elongation increased with rising of the earth coupling agent. Composites with 1.5 parts per hundred rubber (phr) coupling agent achieved the highest mechanical properties, where an increase of 13.4% in tensile strength was found. The tensile strength and tear strength increased along with an increment of oyster shell powder. When the content of oyster shell powder attained 25–30 phr, the composites exhibited the best mechanical properties. In particular, the tensile strength and tear strength increased by 27.9% and 17.2% when compared with those of the control samples. Furthermore, the addition of the oyster shell powder leads to the improvement of thermal stability which is evidenced by an increase of 8 °C in the initial degradation temperature. The improvement of the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites have demonstrated that the oyster shell powder can be used as potential fillers for natural rubber.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document