Phenotyping Winter Dormancy in Switchgrass to Extend the Growing Season and Improve Biomass Yield

Hybrids were produced between seven different parents of Mediterranean origin and two parents of Northern European origin. A special technique of controlled flowering, emasculation, and pollination was used to effect the hybridization. Hybrid plants were grown in undefoliated swards and assessed for cumulative growth, variation in the reproductive phase, tillering, and summer survival. The combining abilities of the parents were estimated for these characters. Hybrids between Mediterranean and Northern European parents were able to respond to summer showers at a time when Mediterranean material was still summer dormant and Northern European material severely affected by dry summer conditions. This out-of-season growth was reflected in the higher yields of the hybrids in the autumn after the main start to the growing season. During midwinter when the Mediterranean material was growing actively the growth of Northern European material ceased and some combinations of Mediterranean and Northern European parents ceased growing. The cessation of growth was attributed to winter dormancy. Plant survival during the summer was 97% for the purely Mediterranean families, 88% for Mediterranean x Northern European families, and 59% for the purely Northern European families. Some of the Mediterranean x Northern European families survived as well as the best Mediterranean families. The potential agricultural value of the Mediterranean x Northern European hybrids and a possible breeding programme with them are discussed.

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Developmental and seasonal patterns of mesophyll ultrastructure in Abies balsamea

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b75-037 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 295-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Jean Fincher Chabot ◽

Brian F. Chabot

Keyword(s):

Cell Structure ◽

Abies Balsamea ◽

Growing Season ◽

Synthetic Activity ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Winter Dormancy ◽

Chloroplast Structure ◽

Starch Grains ◽

Mesophyll Ultrastructure ◽

Accumulation Of Lipids

Changes in mesophyll ultrastructure with development and season are described for Abies balsamea. Cells mature sequentially during expansion of the needles. Most cells appear to be fully mature and actively photosynthesizing at the time of budbreak. Tannins appear early and accumulate throughout the growing season. Winter dormancy is marked by an accumulation of lipids throughout the cell, an aggregation of organelles around the nucleus, some loss of chloroplast structure, and a failure of chloroplasts to form starch grains. Reorganization of cell structure and resumption of synthetic activity in the spring occurs about 2 months before budbreak.

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QTL mapping of winter dormancy and associated traits in two switchgrass pseudo-F1 populations: lowland x lowland and lowland x upland

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18410/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rasyidah Mohamad Razar ◽

Ali Missaoui

Keyword(s):

Qtl Mapping ◽

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Winter Dormancy ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

High Heritability ◽

Pleiotropic Gene ◽

Early Fall

Abstract Background Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) undergoes winter dormancy by sensing photoperiod and temperature changes. It transitions to winter dormancy in early fall following at the end of reproduction and exits dormancy in the spring. The duration of the growing season affects the accumulation of biomass and yield. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping of winter dormancy measured by fall regrowth height (FRH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), spring emergence (SE), and flowering date (FD) in two bi-parental pseudo-F1 populations derived from crosses between the lowland AP13 with the lowland B6 (AB) with 285 progenies, and the lowland B6 with the upland VS16 (BV) with 227 progenies. Results We identified 18 QTLs for FRH, 18 QTLs for NDVI, 21 QTLs for SE, and 30 QTLs for FD. The percent variance explained by these QTLs ranged between 4.21 – 23.27% for FRH, 4.47 – 24.06% for NDVI, 4.35 – 32.77% for SE, and 4.61 – 29.74% for FD. A higher number of QTL was discovered in the BV population, suggesting more variants in the lowland x upland population contributing to the expression of seasonal dormancy underlying traits. We identified 9 regions of colocalized QTL with possible pleiotropic gene action. The positive correlation between FRH or NDVI with dry biomass weight suggests that winter dormancy duration could affect switchgrass biomass yield. The medium to high heritability levels of FRH (0.55 – 0.64 H2) and NDVI (0.30 – 0.61 H2) implies the possibility of using the traits for indirect selection for biomass yield. Conclusion Markers found within the significant QTL interval can serve as genomic resources for breeding non-dormant and semi-dormant switchgrass cultivars for the southern regions, where growers can benefit from the longer production season.

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Multiplicación de semilla de variedades y ecotipos de quinua en valle de majes-Arequipa

Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research ◽

10.18271/ria.2015.147 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 355

Author(s):

Saturnino Marca Vilca ◽

Espinoza Espinoza ◽

Alfonso Poblete Vidal

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Biological Material ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Growing Season ◽

White Variety ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

Black And White ◽

Biological Yield

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de evaluar el potencial de comportamiento, adaptación y rendimiento de semilla de variedades mejoradas y ecotipos de quinua en condiciones de valle de Majes-Arequipa, se utilizó como material biológico las variedades Salcedo INIA, Kancolla, Blanca de Juli, Illpa INIA, Negra Collana y Blanca de Junín, y los ecotipos Choclito, Chullpi blanco y Qoitu procedentes del altiplano de Puno; las estimaciones de rendimiento y otras observaciones se realizaron en un área de 72 m2 con tres repeticiones, se evaluaron la altura de planta, días a madurez fisiológica, rendimiento de semilla, rendimiento de biomasa, índice de cosecha. Los resultados indican que la mayor altura de planta alcanzó la variedad Blanca de Junín con 165 cm y la menor altura correspondió a la variedad Kancolla con 126 cm; en relación al ciclo biológico, la variedad Kancolla y el ecotipo Qoitu se mostraron como precoces, la Salcedo INIA, Blanca de Juli, Illpa INIA y el ecotipo Choclito como semi precoces y la Blanca de Junín y el ecotipo Chullpi Blanco como tardíos; el mayor rendimiento de semilla obtuvieron las variedades Blanca de Juli, Kancolla y Salcedo INIA con 3690, 3488 y 3008 kg ha-1, respectivamente; en ecotipos el Choclito alcanzó mayor rendimiento con 3484 kg ha-1 y el menor correspondió al ecotipo Qoitu con 2632 kg ha-1; el mayor rendimiento biológico logró la variedad Blanco de Juli con 10,000 kg ha-1, y el menor la variedad Blanca de Junín con 4,533 kg ha-1; el 40% de índice de cosecha obtuvo el ecotipo Choclito y el 37% las variedades Kancolla y Blanca de Juli. ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the potential behavior, adaptation and seed yield of improved varieties and ecotypes of quinoa in terms of Arequipa Majes valley, was used as biological material Salcedo INIA, Kancolla, Blanca Juli, Illpa INIA, Collana Black and White Junin varieties and Choclito, white Chullpi and Qoitu ecotypes from the highlands of Puno; The estimates were made on an area of 72 m2 with three repetitions, plant height, days to physiological maturity, seed yield, biomass yield, harvest index were evaluated. The results indicate that most plant height reached the White variety of Junin 165 cm height and the lowest corresponded to the variety Kancolla 126 cm; in relation to the growing season, the variety and ecotype Qoitu Kancolla were as precocious, Salcedo INIA, Juli White, Illpa INIA and semi ecotype Choclito as early and Junin White and White as late Chullpi ecotype; the highest seed yield obtained Juli white varieties, and Salcedo INIA, Kancolla with 3690, 3488 and 3008 kg ha-1, respectively; Choclito ecotypes obtained in the highest performance with 3484 kg ha-1 and the lowest corresponded to ecotype Qoitu with 2632 kg ha-1; the highest biological yield obtained the variety White Juli 10,000 kg ha-1, and lower the Junin White variety With 4,533 kg ha-1; Choclito ecotype reached 40% of harvest index and 37% of the Kancolla and White Juli varieties.

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QTL mapping of winter dormancy and associated traits in two switchgrass pseudo-F1 populations: lowland x lowland and lowland x upland

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18410/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rasyidah Mohamad Razar ◽

Ali Missaoui

Keyword(s):

Qtl Mapping ◽

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Winter Dormancy ◽

High Heritability ◽

Pleiotropic Gene ◽

Growth Changes

Abstract Background Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) undergoes seasonal growth changes based on the perception of photoperiod and temperature. It transitions to winter dormancy in early fall, breaks dormancy in the spring, and resumes the cycle starting from flowering which is the cue for senescence. The length of the growing season can impact biomass accumulation and yield. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping of winter dormancy measured by fall regrowth height (FRH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), spring emergence (SE), and flowering date (FD) in two bi-parental pseudo-F1 populations derived from crosses between the lowland AP13 with the lowland B6 (AB) with 285 progenies, and the lowland B6 with the upland VS16 (BV) with 227 progenies. Results We identified 18 QTLs for FRH, 18 QTLs for NDVI, 21 QTLs for SE, and 30 QTLs for FD. The percent variance explained by these QTLs ranged between 4.21 – 23.27% for FRH, 4.47 – 24.06% for NDVI, 4.35 – 32.77% for SE, and 4.61 – 29.74% for FD. A higher number of QTL was discovered in the BV population, suggesting more variants in the lowland x upland population contributing to the expression of seasonal dormancy underlying traits. We identified 9 regions of colocalized QTL with possible pleiotropic gene action. The positive correlation between FRH or NDVI with dry biomass weight suggests that winter dormancy duration could affect switchgrass biomass yield. The medium to high heritability levels of FRH (0.55 – 0.64 H2) and NDVI (0.30 – 0.61 H2) implies the possibility of using the traits for indirect selection for biomass yield. Conclusion Markers found within the significant QTL interval can serve as genomic resources for breeding non-dormant and semi-dormant switchgrass cultivars for the southern regions, where growers can benefit from the longer production season.

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QTL mapping of winter dormancy and associated traits in two switchgrass pseudo-F1 populations: lowland x lowland and lowland x upland

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-020-02714-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rasyidah M. Razar ◽

Ali Missaoui

Keyword(s):

Qtl Mapping ◽

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Winter Dormancy ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

High Heritability ◽

Pleiotropic Gene ◽

Early Fall

Abstract Background Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) undergoes winter dormancy by sensing photoperiod and temperature changes. It transitions to winter dormancy in early fall following at the end of reproduction and exits dormancy in the spring. The duration of the growing season affects the accumulation of biomass and yield. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping of winter dormancy measured by fall regrowth height (FRH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), spring emergence (SE), and flowering date (FD) in two bi-parental pseudo-F1 populations derived from crosses between the lowland AP13 with the lowland B6 (AB) with 285 progenies, and the lowland B6 with the upland VS16 (BV) with 227 progenies. Results We identified 18 QTLs for FRH, 18 QTLs for NDVI, 21 QTLs for SE, and 30 QTLs for FD. The percent variance explained by these QTLs ranged between 4.21–23.27% for FRH, 4.47–24.06% for NDVI, 4.35–32.77% for SE, and 4.61–29.74% for FD. A higher number of QTL was discovered in the BV population, suggesting more variants in the lowland x upland population contributing to the expression of seasonal dormancy underlying traits. We identified 9 regions of colocalized QTL with possible pleiotropic gene action. The positive correlation between FRH or NDVI with dry biomass weight suggests that winter dormancy duration could affect switchgrass biomass yield. The medium to high heritability levels of FRH (0.55–0.64 H2) and NDVI (0.30–0.61 H2) implies the possibility of using the traits for indirect selection for biomass yield. Conclusion Markers found within the significant QTL interval can serve as genomic resources for breeding non-dormant and semi-dormant switchgrass cultivars for the southern regions, where growers can benefit from the longer production season.

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QTL mapping of winter dormancy and associated traits in two switchgrass pseudo-F1 populations: lowland x lowland and lowland x upland

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18410/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rasyidah Mohamad Razar ◽

Ali Missaoui

Keyword(s):

Qtl Mapping ◽

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Winter Dormancy ◽

Phenotypic Data

Abstract Background Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) undergoes seasonal growth changes based on the perception of photoperiod and temperature. It transitions to winter dormancy in early fall, breaks dormancy in the spring, and resume the cycle starting from flowering which is the cue for senescence. The length of growing season can impact the biomass accumulation and yield. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping of winter dormancy measured by fall regrowth height (FRH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), spring emergence (SE), and flowering date (FD) in two bi-parental pseudo-F1 populations derived from crosses between the lowland AP13 with the lowland B6 (AB) with 285 progenies, and the lowland B6 with the upland VS16 (BV) with 227 progenies. Methods Pearson correlation coefficient between phenotypic traits was calculated to determine if some traits can be as surrogates for other traits. Broad-sense heritabilities were calculated to determine the inheritance, and QTL mapping was conducted for two-years phenotypic data to identify QTLs associated with the trais. Results We identified 18 QTLs for FRH, 18 QTLs for NDVI, 21 QTLs for SE, and 30 QTLs for FD. The ranges of percent variance explained by these QTLs varied between 4.21–23.27% for FRH, 4.47–24.06% for NDVI, 4.35–32.77% for SE, and 4.61–29.74% for FD. A higher number of QTL was discovered in the BV population, suggesting more variants in the lowland x upland population contributing to the expression of seasonal dormancy underlying traits. We identified 9 regions of colocalized QTL with possible pleiotropic gene action. The positive correlation between FRH or NDVI with dry biomass weight suggests that winter dormancy level could affect switchgrass biomass yield. The medium to high heritability levels of FRH (0.55–0.64 H2) and NDVI (0.30–0.61 H2) support the possibility of using the traits for indirect selection for biomass yield. Conclusion Markers found within the significant QTL interval can serve as genomic resource for breeding non-dormant and semi-dormant switchgrass cultivars for the southern regions, where growers can benefit from the longer production season.

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Combinational ability of crossing components and heterosis of F1 hybrids of sugar sorghum by biomass yield

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213601027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 01027

Author(s):

Oksana Kibalnik ◽

Dmitry Semin ◽

Irina Efremova ◽

Tatiana Larina

Keyword(s):

Genetic Control ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Growing Season ◽

Source Material ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽

Promising Direction ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

Additive Genes ◽

Selection Of

Currently, the most promising direction of breeding is the creation of F1 hybrids of sugar sorghum, based on the identification and selection of parental forms with high combinational ability. The source material and F1 hybrids were grown in the arid conditions of the Saratov Right Bank (Russia): the hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season was 0.68. The evaluation of the combinational ability of crossing components was carried out using the topcross method. As a result of the tests, the L-52/13 line was identified with high GCA effects (15.71), and the highest SCA dispersions were found in the Saratovskoe 90 variety and the L-39/12 line (91.80-189.27). It was found that the type of sterile cytoplasm of iso-nuclear CMS-lines had a significant impact on the manifestation of SCA in terms of biomass yield: higher dispersion indicators were noted in 9E Zheltozernoye 10 (36.66). Genes with an additive effect are involved in the genetic control of this trait in paternal forms, and non-additive genes in maternal forms. In addition, each hybrid combinationwas observed with superdomination: the coefficient of phenotypic dominance varied from 2.01 to 18.91. It is advisable to use the obtained information in the hybridization of sugar sorghum to obtain high-heterosis hybrids.

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STUDIES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CROWN BUD ROT OF ALFALFA IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b58-021 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 239-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. J. Hawn

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Host Plant ◽

Growing Season ◽

Early Spring ◽

Disease Development ◽

Winter Dormancy ◽

The Third ◽

Southern Alberta ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Occurrence Of Species

Crown bud rot is widespread in irrigated alfalfa stands in southern Alberta. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Fusarium roseum Link sensu Snyder & Hansen, and Ascochyta imperfecta Peck acting alone or in combination produce brown to black lesions on the crown buds of plants in their second and subsequent years of growth. The host plant is most susceptible to the disease in early spring after winter dormancy. Soil temperatures above 16 °C. appear to reduce disease development. Relative occurrence of species isolated from infected buds indicate a succession of fungi. F. roseum is the predominant isolate until the third year of alfalfa growth when its numbers are approximately equalled by R. solani. The latter then decreases in prevalence possibly because of the antibiotic action of saprophytic species of Trichoderma and Penicillium. F. roseum maintains about the same degree of activity throughout the growing season whereas R. solani generally appears most frequently in summer-sampled alfalfa and A. imperfecta in spring samples.

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QTL mapping of winter dormancy and associated traits in two switchgrass pseudo-F1 populations: lowland x lowland and lowland x upland

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18410/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rasyidah Mohamad Razar ◽

Ali Missaoui

Keyword(s):

Qtl Mapping ◽

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Winter Dormancy ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

High Heritability ◽

Pleiotropic Gene ◽

Early Fall

Abstract BackgroundSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum) undergoes winter dormancy by sensing photoperiod and temperature changes. It transitions to winter dormancy in early fall following at the end of reproduction and exits dormancy in the spring. The duration of the growing season affects the accumulation of biomass and yield. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping of winter dormancy measured by fall regrowth height (FRH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), spring emergence (SE), and flowering date (FD) in two bi-parental pseudo-F1 populations derived from crosses between the lowland AP13 with the lowland B6 (AB) with 285 progenies, and the lowland B6 with the upland VS16 (BV) with 227 progenies. ResultsWe identified 18 QTLs for FRH, 18 QTLs for NDVI, 21 QTLs for SE, and 30 QTLs for FD. The percent variance explained by these QTLs ranged between 4.21 – 23.27% for FRH, 4.47 – 24.06% for NDVI, 4.35 – 32.77% for SE, and 4.61 – 29.74% for FD. A higher number of QTL was discovered in the BV population, suggesting more variants in the lowland x upland population contributing to the expression of seasonal dormancy underlying traits. We identified 9 regions of colocalized QTL with possible pleiotropic gene action. The positive correlation between FRH or NDVI with dry biomass weight suggests that winter dormancy duration could affect switchgrass biomass yield. The medium to high heritability levels of FRH (0.55 – 0.64 H2) and NDVI (0.30 – 0.61 H2) implies the possibility of using the traits for indirect selection for biomass yield. ConclusionMarkers found within the significant QTL interval can serve as genomic resources for breeding non-dormant and semi-dormant switchgrass cultivars for the southern regions, where growers can benefit from the longer production season.

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