scholarly journals Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Residues in a Fixed Bed Tubular Reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Isah Yakub ◽  
Abakr Yousif Abdalla ◽  
Kabir Kazi Feroz ◽  
Yusuf Suzana ◽  
Alshareef Ibraheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Tubular Reactor

Modeling of a Fixed-Bed Reactor for the Production of Phthalic Anhydride

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sogand Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Phthalic Anhydride ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Conversion Degree ◽  
Reactor Length ◽  
Reactor Temperature ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Reactor Pressure

In this study, the performance of a fixed–bed tubular reactor for the production of phthalic anhydride is mathematically analyzed. The conversion degree and reactor temperature values are compared with the measured one in a tubular reactor applied in Farabi petrochemical unit in Iran as well as reported data in the literature for a pilot plate. The comparisons are satisfactory. The effects of some operating parameters including reactor length, feed temperature, reactor pressure, and existence of an inert in the catalytic bed are investigated. The optimum value of each parameter is determined on the basis of the corresponding operating conditions.

scholarly journals Co-digestion of Oil Palm Trunk Hydrolysate and Slaughterhouse Wastewater for Biohydrogen Production in a Fixed Bed Reactor by Immobilized Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum KKU19 on Expanded Clay

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sontaya Khamtib ◽  
Sureewan Sittijunda ◽  
Tsuyoshi Imai ◽  
Alissara Reungsang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk ◽  
Thermoanaerobacterium Thermosaccharolyticum

The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of expanded clay as a support material for Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum KKU19 to produce hydrogen from oil palm trunk hydrolysate (OPT) and slaughterhouse wastewater (SHW) in a fixed-bed reactor (FBR) under non-sterile conditions. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance of the FBR were also investigated. The FBR was operated at an OPT hydrolysate to SHW ratio of 2.55:1 (v:v), 60°C, initial pH 6.5, and 1.2 mg (as total volatile solids/g expanded clay) of T. thermosaccharolyticum KKU19 immobilized on expanded clay. A maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) and hydrogen yield (HY) of 7.15 ± 0.22 L/L day and 234.45 ± 5.14 mL H2/g-COD, respectively, were obtained at an HRT of 6 h. Long-term operation of FBR at 6 h HRT indicated that expanded clay efficiently immobilizes T. thermosaccharolyticum KKU19, for which an HPR of 6.82 ± 0.56 L H2/L day, and an HY of 231.99 ± 19.59 mL H2/g-COD were obtained. Furthermore, the COD removal efficiency of 30% obtained under long-term operation was comparable to that under short-term operation at an HRT of 6 days. Butyric and acetic acids were the main soluble metabolite products, thereby indicating a butyrate–acetate type fermentation. Our findings indicate that expanded clay is an effective support material that contributes to the protection of microbial cells and can be used for long-term operation.

scholarly journals Investigation of Copper-supported Ceria Nanofibers for Catalytic Oxidation of Diesel Soot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Bahadur Pal ◽  
Anupama Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Diesel Soot ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Tight Contact ◽  
Diesel Soot Oxidation ◽  
Working Parameters

Abstract In the present research, CeO2 and CuO/CeO2 nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning at 12 kV DC by maintaining a tip to collector distance of 10 cm. The morphology of the as-synthesized nanofibers was determined by scanning electron microscopy, and their elemental composition was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The activity of the prepared samples for diesel soot oxidation was determined in a bench-scale fixed bed tubular reactor, and effluent gases were analyzed by online gas chromatography. The variations of working parameters (air flow rate, catalyst-soot ratio, catalyst-soot contact type) were evaluated in a range to optimized reaction conditions for diesel soot oxidation. The catalyst with 40% CuO/CeO2 had the highest surface area, the smallest crystallite size, and the best activity for diesel soot oxidation (tight contact) at Tf = 318oC.

Methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 in multi-tubular fixed-bed reactor and multi-tubular reactor filled with monoliths

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 2598-2608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiane Arab ◽  
Jean-Marc Commenge ◽  
Jean-François Portha ◽  
Laurent Falk
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor

The Influence of Oxygen in the Carbonization of Oil Palm Shell on Bio-Char Yield and Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramlan Zailani ◽  
Halim Ghafar ◽  
M. Sufian So’aib
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Ratio

The presence of oxygen from air infiltration during the carbonization process of biomass is expected to be detrimental to biochar yield and properties. Experimental study was carried out on oil palm shell in a fixed-bed pyrolyser under various oxygen concentrations ranging from 0% to 11 % by varying the nitrogen and oxygen fractions in the pyrolysing gas mixture. The two critical parameters: the bed temperature and holding time were also varied. Process optimization was carried out by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by employing Central Composite Design (CCD) using Design Expert 6.0 Software. The effect of oxygen ratio and holding time on biochar yield within the temperature range studied were statistically significant. The optimum condition of 30.0 % biochar yield of palm shell was predicted at pyrolysis temperature of 420 °C, oxygen percentage of 2.3% and holding time of two hours. This prediction closely agreed with the experiment finding of 31.1% biochar yield.

scholarly journals Kinetic Study Based on the Carbide Mechanism of a Co-Pt/γ-Al2O3 Fischer–Tropsch Catalyst Tested in a Laboratory-Scale Tubular Reactor

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marchese ◽  
Niko Heikkinen ◽  
Emanuele Giglio ◽  
Andrea Lanzini ◽  
Juha Lehtonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Number ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Mechanism Model ◽  
Conversion Level ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Xrd Techniques

A Co-Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was manufactured and tested for Fischer–Tropsch applications. Catalyst kinetic experiments were performed using a tubular fixed-bed reactor system. The operative conditions were varied between 478 and 503 K, 15 and 30 bar, H2/CO molar ratio 1.06 and 2.11 at a carbon monoxide conversion level of about 10%. Several kinetic models were derived, and a carbide mechanism model was chosen, taking into account an increasing value of termination energy for α-olefins with increasing carbon numbers. In order to assess catalyst suitability for the determination of reaction kinetics and comparability to similar Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) applications, the catalyst was characterized with gas sorption analysis, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The kinetic model developed is capable of describing the intrinsic behavior of the catalyst correctly. It accounts for the main deviations from the typical Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution for Fischer–Tropsch products, with calculated activation energies and adsorption enthalpies in line with values available from the literature. The model suitably predicts the formation rates of methane and ethylene, as well as of the other α-olefins. Furthermore, it properly estimates high molecular weight n-paraffin formation up to carbon number C80.

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