scholarly journals Using the Dual Energy Gamma-Ray Transmission Technique to Measure Soil Bulk Density and Water Content of Central Southwestern Nigerian Soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (11) ◽  
pp. 1409-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Adejumo ◽  
F. A. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Transmission Technique ◽  
Nigerian Soils ◽  
Energy Gamma

scholarly journals WATER CONTENT AND BULK DENSITY CHANGES IN A SOIL PEDON MEASURED WITH DUAL ENERGY GAMMA-RAY TRANSMISSION

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. REGINATO
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Transmission Technique ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Water Contents

Water contents and bulk densities were measured in a soil pedon with a gamma-ray transmission technique utilizing 137Cs and 241Am. By alternating the sources for each scan down the soil profile, both bulk density and water content were determined in 1-cm increments in the top 10 cm of the pedon. Bulk density decreased to a depth of 6 cm about 30 min after 4 cm of water was ponded on the soil surface. As soon as the water drained from the surface, bulk density values increased and approached pre-irrigation levels. Water content increased rapidly corresponding to the decrease in bulk density. Assuming that the bulk density remains constant during ponding, calculated water contents may be in error by as much as 0.25 gcm−3.

scholarly journals A Dual Energy Gamma-Ray Transmission Technique for Gold Alloy Identification.

RADIOISOTOPES ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo SUMI ◽  
Hiroyasu SHINGU ◽  
Hirotoshi IWASE
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gold Alloy ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Transmission Technique ◽  
Energy Gamma

Application of Dual-Energy Gamma-Ray Technique for Nondestructive Soil Moisture and Density Measurement During Freezing

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Ayorinde
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Nondestructive Monitoring ◽  
Energy Gamma

Frost heave is a phenomenon unique to freezing soils. To study frost heave, a dual-energy gamma-ray technique has been adapted to determine nondestructively the soil bulk density variation and moisture migration that occur as the soil freezes and heaves. The technique uses two radioactive sources for simultaneous measurement of density and moisture content. Test results show good agreement between measured and calculated data for density and moisture content. The test data indicate that the dual-energy gamma-ray technique can accurately and reliably provide continuous nondestructive monitoring of both density and moisture content variations along a freezing soil column. Freeze front location can also be determined.

Measurement of Soil Bulk Density and Water Content with Time Domain Reflectometry: Algorithm Implementation and Method Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 126389
Author(s):  
Marco Bittelli ◽  
Fausto Tomei ◽  
Anbazhagan P. ◽  
Raghuveer Rao Pallapati ◽  
Puskar Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Algorithm Implementation ◽  
Method Analysis

scholarly journals Tillage and crop rotation effects on soil carbon and selected soil physical properties in a Haplic Cambisol in Eastern Cape, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mxolisi Mtyobile ◽  
Lindah Muzangwa ◽  
Pearson Nyari Stephano Mnkeni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
No Till

The effects of tillage and crop rotation on the soil carbon, the soil bulk density, the porosity and the soil water content were evaluated during the 6<sup>th</sup> season of an on-going field trial at the University of Fort Hare Farm (UFH), South Africa. Two tillage systems; conventional tillage (CT) and no-till and crop rotations; maize (Zea mays L.)-fallow-maize (MFM), maize-fallow-soybean (Glycine max L.) (MFS); maize-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-maize (MWM) and  maize-wheat-soybean (MWS) were evaluated. The field experiment was a 2 × 4 factorial, laid out in a randomised complete design. The crop residues were retained for the no-till plots and incorporated for the CT plots, after each cropping season. No significant effects (P &gt; 0.05) of the tillage and crop rotation on the bulk density were observed. However, the values ranged from 1.32 to1.37 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Significant interaction effects of the tillage and crop rotation were observed on the soil porosity (P &lt; 0.01) and the soil water content (P &lt; 0.05). The porosity for the MFM and the MWS, was higher under the CT whereas for the MWM and the MWS, it was higher under the no-till. However, the greatest porosity was under the MWS. Whilst the no-till significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the soil water content compared to the CT; the greatest soil water content was observed when the no-till was combined with the MWM rotations. The soil organic carbon (SOC) was increased more (P &lt; 0.05) by the no-till than the CT, and the MFM consistently had the least SOC compared with the rest of the crop rotations, at all the sampling depths (0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm). The soil bulk density negatively correlated with the soil porosity and the soil water content, whereas the porosity positively correlated with the soil water content. The study concluded that the crop rotations, the MWM and the MWS under the no-till coupled with the residue retention improved the soil porosity and the soil water content levels the most.

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar Application and Re-Application on Soil Bulk Density, Porosity, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Content and Soil Water Availability in a Silty Loam Haplic Luvisol

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Toková ◽  
Dušan Igaz ◽  
Ján Horák ◽  
Elena Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Silty Loam

Due to climate change the productive agricultural sectors have started to face various challenges, such as soil drought. Biochar is studied as a promising soil amendment. We studied the effect of a former biochar application (in 2014) and re-application (in 2018) on bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content and selected soil water constants at the experimental site in Dolná Malanta (Slovakia) in 2019. Biochar was applied and re-applied at the rates of 0, 10 and 20 t ha−1. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied annually at application levels N0, N1 and N2. In 2019, these levels were represented by the doses of 0, 108 and 162 kg N ha−1, respectively. We found that biochar applied at 20 t ha−1 without fertilizer significantly reduced bulk density by 12% and increased porosity by 12%. During the dry period, a relative increase in soil water content was observed at all biochar treatments—the largest after re-application of biochar at a dose of 20 t ha−1 at all fertilization levels. The biochar application also significantly increased plant available water. We suppose that change in the soil structure following a biochar amendment was one of the main reasons of our observations.

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