scholarly journals Solar Thermal Systems Performances versus Flat Plate Solar Collectors Connected in Series

Engineering ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
pp. 881-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Zelzouli ◽  
Amenallah Guizani ◽  
Ramzi Sebai ◽  
Chakib Kerkeni
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
In Series

scholarly journals Aplicaciones del Captador Solar de Placa Plana y del Captador de Tubo de Vacío en la Edificación = Applications of the Flat Plate Solar Collectors and the Vacuum Tube Solar Collectors in Building

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ferrández ◽  
Carlos Moron ◽  
Jorge Pablo Díaz ◽  
Pablo Saiz
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Vacuum Tube ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

ResumenEl actual Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE) pone de manifiesto la necesidad de cubrir parte de la demanda energética requerida para el abastecimiento de agua caliente sanitaria y climatización de piscinas cubiertas mediante sistemas de aprovechamiento de la energía solar térmica. En este artículo se presenta una comparativa entre las dos principales tipologías de captadores solares térmicos que existen en el mercado: el captador de placa plana y el captador de tubo de vacío, atendiendo a criterios de fracción solar, diseño e integración arquitectónica. Todo ello a fin de discernir en qué circunstancias es más favorable el uso de uno u otro sistema, comparando los resultados obtenidos mediante programas de simulación con la toma de medidas in situ.AbstractThe current Technical Building Code (CTE) highlights the need to cover part of the energy demand required for the supply of hot water and heating of indoor swimming pools using solar thermal systems. This article presents a comparison between the two main types of solar thermal collectors that exist in the market: the flat plate solar collector and the vacuum tube solar collector, according to criteria of solar fraction, design and architectural integration. All of this in order to discern in what circumstances the use of one or the other system is more favourable, comparing the results obtained through simulation programs with the taking of measurements in situ.

scholarly journals Thermo-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Polygeneration Plants in Different Configurations

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Calise ◽  
Francesco Liberato Cappiello ◽  
Massimo Dentice d’Accadia ◽  
Maria Vicidomini
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Geothermal Well ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors

This work presents a thermoeconomic comparison between two different solar energy technologies, namely the evacuated flat-plate solar collectors and the photovoltaic panels, integrated as auxiliary systems into two renewable polygeneration plants. Both plants produce electricity, heat and cool, and are based on a 6 kWe organic Rankine cycle (ORC), a 17-kW single-stage H2O/LiBr absorption chiller, a geothermal well at 96 °C, a 200 kWt biomass auxiliary heater, a 45.55 kWh lithium-ion battery and a 25 m2 solar field. In both configurations, electric and thermal storage systems are included to mitigate the fluctuations due to the variability of solar radiation. ORC is mainly supplied by the thermal energy produced by the geothermal well. Additional heat is also provided by solar thermal collectors and by a biomass boiler. In an alternative layout, solar thermal collectors are replaced by photovoltaic panels, producing additional electricity with respect to the one produced by the ORC. To reduce ORC condensation temperature and increase the electric efficiency, a ground-cooled condenser is also adopted. All the components included in both plants were accurately simulated in a TRNSYS environment using dynamic models validated versus literature and experimental data. The ORC is modeled by zero-dimensional energy and mass balances written in Engineering Equation Solver and implemented in TRNSYS. The models of both renewable polygeneration plants are applied to a suitable case study, a commercial area near Campi Flegrei (Naples, South Italy), a location well-known for its geothermal sources and good solar availability. The economic results suggest that for this kind of plant, photovoltaic panels show lower pay back periods than evacuated flat-plate solar collectors, 13 years vs 15 years. The adoption of the electric energy storage system leads to an increase of energy-self-sufficiency equal to 42% and 47% for evacuated flat-plate solar collectors and the photovoltaic panels, respectively.

scholarly journals State of the Art of Techno-Economics of Nanofluid-Laden Flat-Plate Solar Collectors for Sustainable Accomplishment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9119
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Shamshirgaran ◽  
Hussain H. Al-Kayiem ◽  
Korada V. Sharma ◽  
Mostafa Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Transfer Energy ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
The Status

Emerging nanotechnology with solar collector technology has attracted the attention of researchers to enhance the performance of solar systems in order to develop efficient solar thermal systems for future sustainability. This paper chronologically reviews the various research works carried out on the performance enhancement of nanofluid-filled flat-plate solar collectors (FPCs). Gaps in the radiation exergy models and maximum exergy of FPCs, the importance of pressure drops in collector manifolds in exergy analysis, and the economics of nanofluid-laden FPCs have been addressed. The necessity of replacing currently used chemically derived glycol products with a renewable-based glycol has not been reported in the current literature thoroughly, but it is pondered in the current paper. Moreover, the thermophysical properties of all common metal and metal oxide nanoparticles utilized in various studies are collected in this paper for the first time and can be referred to quickly as a data source for future studies. The different classical empirical correlations for the estimation of specific heat, density, conductivity, and viscosity of reported nanofluids and base liquids, i.e., water and its mixture with glycols, are also tabulated as a quick reference. Brief insights on different performance criteria and the utilized models of heat transfer, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and economic calculation of nanofluid-based FPCs are extracted. Most importantly, a summary of the current progress in the field of nanofluid-charged FPCs is presented appropriately within two tables. The tables contain the status of the main parameters in different research works. Finally, gaps in the literature are addressed and mitigation approaches are suggested for the future sustainability of nanofluid-laden FPCs.

Performance of Flat-Plate and Compound Parabolic Concentrating Solar Collectors in Underfloor Heating Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvenaz Sobhansarbandi ◽  
Uğur Atikol
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Common Area ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors

There is a growing interest in using solar energy in underfloor heating systems. However, the large areas required for the installation of solar thermal collector's array can be discouraging, especially in the apartment buildings where the apartment's roof is a common area. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using compound parabolic concentrating (CPC) solar collectors instead of the commonly used flat-plate collectors (FPCs) in such systems. It is aimed to explore the feasibility of area reduction required by the collectors. Second, the temperature profiles of circulating water loop and the concrete slabs are sought to be examined. The system consists of solar thermal collectors, a storage tank, and circulation of water to transport the heat to four similar floor slabs. The CPC collector outlet fluid's temperature can reach a maximum of 95 °C, compared to 70 °C obtained from the FPCs. The results from the simulations show that a 2 m2 CPC collector array can perform satisfactorily to match the job of an 8 m2 FPC array, obtaining the same required circulating water's temperature in the slabs.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Solar Thermal Energy Collectors and Their Integration Possibilities in Architecture

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humam Kayali ◽  
Asst. Professor Dr. Halil Alibaba
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Electricity Grids

Solar energy is becoming an alternative for the limited fossil fuel resources. One of the simplest and most direct applications of this energy is the conversion of solar radiation into heat, which can be used in water heating systems. A commonly used solar collector is the flat-plate. A lot of research has been conducted in order to analyze the flat-plate operation and improve its efficiency. The solar panel can be used either as a stand-alone system or as a large solar system that is connected to the electricity grids. The earth receives 84 Terawatts of power and our world consumes about 12 Terawatts of power per day. We are trying to consume more energy from the sun using solar panel. In order to maximize the conversion from solar to electrical energy, the solar panels have to be positioned perpendicular to the sun. Thus the tracking of the sun’s location and positioning of the solar panel are important. The main goal of this article is explaining all the solar thermal systems available and the integration possibilities with comparisons for better usages and integration process into design.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer of Nanomaterial over an Infinite Disk with Marangoni Convection: A Modified Fourier’s Heat Flux Model for Solar Thermal System Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11609
Author(s):  
Mahanthesh Basavarajappa ◽  
Giulio Lorenzini ◽  
Srikantha Narasimhamurthy ◽  
Ashwag Albakri ◽  
Taseer Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Marangoni Convection ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Flux Model ◽  
Heat Flux Model

The demand for energy due to the population boom, together with the harmful consequences of fossil fuels, makes it essential to explore renewable thermal energy. Solar Thermal Systems (STS’s) are important alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, owing to their ability to convert solar thermal energy into heat and electricity. However, improving the efficiency of solar thermal systems is the biggest challenge for researchers. Nanomaterial is an effective technique for improving the efficiency of STS’s by using nanomaterials as working fluids. Therefore, the present theoretical study aims to explore the thermal energy characteristics of the flow of nanomaterials generated by the surface gradient (Marangoni convection) on a disk surface subjected to two different thermal energy modulations. Instead of the conventional Fourier heat flux law to examine heat transfer characteristics, the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux (Fourier’s heat flux model) law is accounted for. The inhomogeneous nanomaterial model is used in mathematical modeling. The exponential form of thermal energy modulations is incorporated. The finite-difference technique along with Richardson extrapolation is used to treat the governing problem. The effects of the key parameters on flow distributions were analyzed in detail. Numerical calculations were performed to obtain correlations giving the reduced Nusselt number and the reduced Sherwood number in terms of relevant key parameters. The heat transfer rate of solar collectors increases due to the Marangoni convection. The thermophoresis phenomenon and chaotic movement of nanoparticles in a working fluid of solar collectors enhance the temperature distribution of the system. Furthermore, the thermal field is enhanced due to the thermal energy modulations. The results find applications in solar thermal exchanger manufacturing processes.

scholarly journals Single and Hybrid Nanofluids to Enhance Performance of Flat Plate Solar Collectors: Application and Obstacles

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Qudama Al-Yasiri ◽  
Márta Szabó ◽  
Müslüm Arıcı
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Influential Parameters

Solar energy represents the best alternative for traditional energy sources used in many thermal energy systems. Among solar thermal systems, Flat Plate Solar Collectors (FPSCs) are the most utilized type implemented in low and medium-level thermal domestic applications. Recently, the usage of nanofluids (NFs) to enhance FPSCs is one of the newest technologies that has drawn the attention of researchers to improve the overall thermal efficiency of solar systems. This paper briefly reviews the recent studies carried on thermal performance enhancement of FPSCs by implementing NFs (single and hybrid NFs) considering the main influential parameters such as particle concentration, particle size, and collector area. Finally, the main obstacles reported by the researchers such as the instability, viscosity, concentration limit, corrosion effect and others are identified, which is believed to be useful for interested newcomers in this research area. Based on the studies investigated in this paper, NFs, even under low concentrations, can remarkably improve the energetic and exergetic efficiency of FPSCs.

scholarly journals Residential Solar Thermal Performance Considering Self-Shading Incidence between Tubes in Evacuated Tube and Flat Plate Collectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13870
Author(s):  
Esteban Zalamea-Leon ◽  
Edgar A. Barragán-Escandón ◽  
John Calle-Sigüencia ◽  
Mateo Astudillo-Flores ◽  
Diego Juela-Quintuña
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Real Performance ◽  
Evacuated Tube Collectors ◽  
Evacuated Tube

The performance of solar thermal technology under high-altitude equatorial climatic and solar path conditions has not been determined. Evacuated tube solar collectors are more efficient than flat plate collectors in cold and cloudy regions; however, due to their dependence on orientation, the irradiation incidence between the tubes of these collectors can be blocked. In this study, the performance of these types of collectors was analyzed to determine the implications of their orientation under these specific climate conditions. Four solar thermal systems were installed: two of the systems used evacuated tube collectors, and two used flat plate collectors. Each collector was connected to storage and discharge points to simulate residential consumption when observing the real performance of the four systems in terms of irradiation availability. The evacuated tube collectors were more efficient and reduced the backup energy requirement by up to 20.6% more on average than the flat plate collectors. In addition, the performance of the evacuated tube collectors increased by up to 9.8% when the tubes were arranged parallel to the solar path, compared to when they were arranged perpendicular to the solar path, verifying that the blockage effect is an important parameter to consider for evacuated tube technology. The main novelty of this research is the comparison of these two technologies under different orientations, with perpendicular and parallel dispositions toward the solar path, in a high-altitude equatorial location where solar collectors are not typically oriented in any particular orientation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first complete analysis of real systems deployed under these conditions.

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