scholarly journals Group Interaction and Behavior in Meetings: A New Assessment Tool to Monitor Group Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 596-604
Author(s):  
Terry Oroszi
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Monitor Group

scholarly journals Cooperative rescue of a juvenile capuchin (Cebus imitator) from a Boa constrictor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine M. Jack ◽  
Michaela R. Brown ◽  
Margaret S. Buehler ◽  
Saul Cheves Hernadez ◽  
Nuria Ferrero Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Cooperative Group ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
Play Session ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The threat of predation by snakes is considered to have played a significant role in the evolution of primate sensory systems and behavior. However, we know relatively little about individual and group responses given the rarity of observed predation events. Here we report an observed (filmed) predation attempt by an adult Boa constrictor (~ 2 m) on a juvenile white-faced capuchin (Cebus imitator) in the Sector Santa Rosa of the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The snake caught the juvenile monkey on the ground during a terrestrial play session. When the victim screamed, the alpha male, alpha female, and another adult female ran to the scene, physically attacked the snake (with bites and hits), and pulled the victim to safety. Most group members participated in the vocal mobbing of the snake both during and after the attack. Based on the outcomes of this predation attempt and published reports of other B. constrictor attacks on primates, the coordinated efforts of ≥ 2 group members is needed for a successful rescue. This observation adds to our growing knowledge of cooperative group behavior and its importance in predator defense.

Social Comparison, Judgment, and Behavior

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Behavior

This edited volume presents both classic and contemporary conceptual, empirical, and applied perspectives on the role of comparisons with other people—a core aspect of social life—that have implications for the self-concept, opinions, subjective and physical well-being, conformity, decision-making, group behavior, education, and social movements. The volume is comprised of original chapters, authored by noted experts, divided into three sections: basic comparison processes, neighboring fields, and applications. The first section is comprised of chapters that update classic theories and present advances, such as the dominating effect of local versus global comparisons, an analysis of the psychology of competition, how comparisons across different domains influence self-concept and achievement, and the integral connections between stereotyping and comparison. The second section introduces perspectives from neighboring fields that shed new light on social comparison. These chapters range from judgment and decision science, cognitive psychology, social network theory, and animal social behavior. The third section presents chapters that describe applications of comparison, including relative deprivation; health psychology; the effects of income inequality on well-being; the relationships among social hierarchies, power, and comparison; and the interconnections of psychological processes such as comparison and differential construal that favor the status quo and can discourage social action in the face of injustice and inequity.

862. Patient Report with the Suicide Ideation and Behavior Assessment Tool (SIBAT): Acceptability and Sensitivity to Rapid Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S349
Author(s):  
David Williamson ◽  
Carla Canuso ◽  
Dong-Jing Fu ◽  
Roseanne Lane ◽  
Roberta May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Behavior Assessment ◽  
Patient Report ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Analgesic Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine or Meloxicam for Soft-Tissue Surgery in Sheep: A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Abbie V. Viscardi ◽  
Emily J. Reppert ◽  
Michael D. Kleinhenz ◽  
Payton Wise ◽  
Zhoumeng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Surgical Pain ◽  
Soft Tissue Surgery

The amount of scientific data evaluating sheep pain responses after analgesia treatment is limited. The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of flunixin meglumine (FLU) and meloxicam (MEL) at relieving post-surgical pain in sheep and to evaluate the utility of the Sheep Grimace Scale (SGS). Thirty ewes were assigned to one of three treatment groups: oral MEL or intravenous FLU to manage pain associated with a laparotomy procedure, or a non-surgical control (CON) group. Behavior and physiologic outcome measures were collected pre-procedure and up to 48 h post-procedure. There were no significant differences in behavior, gait, degree of inflammation or pain around the surgical site when MEL and FLU sheep were compared, suggesting that both drugs provided similar levels of analgesia. Significant differences in behavior, gait, abdominal inflammation and pain were found when surgical sheep were compared to non-surgical controls. More work is needed to characterize the amount of pain relief provided by MEL and FLU. The SGS had moderate reliability between scorers; however, the results were inconsistent with the other study outcome measures. The SGS may have some utility as a pain assessment tool but should be used in conjunction with other pain measures.

scholarly journals The Welfare Aggregation and Guidance (WAG) Tool: A New Method to Summarize Global Welfare Assessment Data for Equids

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Kubasiewicz ◽  
João B. Rodrigues ◽  
Stuart L. Norris ◽  
Tamlin L. Watson ◽  
Karen Rickards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Aggregation Method ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Global Welfare ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Aid Decision ◽  
Livestock Systems

Animal welfare can be represented by an array of indicators. There is, however, increasing demand for concise welfare assessments that can be easily communicated and compared. Previous methods to aggregate welfare assessments have focused on livestock systems and produced a single welfare score, which may not represent all aspects of welfare. We propose an aggregation method for the recently developed Equid Assessment Research and Scoping (EARS) welfare assessment tool that results in grades for five welfare categories: housing conditions, working conditions, health, nutrition, and behavior. We overcome the problems associated with existing approaches by using a single aggregation method (decision trees) that incorporates the most important welfare indicators in a single step. The process aims to identify equids with the poorest welfare and aid decision-making when allocating resources. We demonstrate its application using a case study of over 6000 equids across Europe and Asia, where equids in India and Pakistan had the poorest welfare status in terms of health (respiratory disease and open wounds) and behavior (signs of fear and distress, and limb tethering practices). We recommend identification of the specific causes of these issues, using either existing detailed welfare data or through issue-specific assessments by an appropriate professional, to guide the development of appropriate interventions and, ultimately, improve equid welfare.

scholarly journals An investigation of collaboration processes in an online course: How do small groups develop over time?

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namsook Jahng
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Group Development ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Traditional Group ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
And Behavior

<p>This study investigated communication patterns and behavior in problem-solving groups in a graduate online course. An inductive qualitative analysis method was employed to analyze 732 messages that were retrieved from small group forums. The current study identified a temporal pattern of group development was in comparison with existing theoretical models: the traditional group development model (Tuckman, 1965; Tuckman &amp; Jensen, 1977) and the punctuated equilibrium model (Gersick, 1988; 1991). All the groups had two working phases and three decision-making points. The temporal pattern of group behavior was close to the phase transition concept of Gersick’s model. Some groups tended to undergo Tuckman’s stages, but their development stages were not necessarily sequential or hierarchical. Thus, it is concluded that Gersick’s model could be more useful for researchers and instructors to better understand and assist online students in problem solving collaborative activities. <br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Application of Olfactometry to Assess the Anti-Odor Properties of Filtering Facepiece Respirators Containing Activated Carbon Nonwovens

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8157
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Okrasa ◽  
Justyna Szulc ◽  
Agnieszka Brochocka ◽  
Beata Gutarowska
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Protective Devices ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Respiratory Protective Devices ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Odor Sensitivity

Filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) with anti-odor properties are used to reduce odor nuisance occurring both in everyday life and at workplaces. Unfortunately, there are no standardized methods to measure the efficiency of odor reduction of such personal protective devices. This paper aims to determine whether olfactometric-based methods, commonly used in environmental studies, can be employed for this purpose. The proposed procedure is based on the detection of n-butanol by study participants, and it consists of three subsequent stages: (i) defining the individual levels of odor sensitivity of each study participant; (ii) determining THE odor detection level while using FFRs with varying anti-odor properties; and (iii) completing a questionnaire concerning the subjective perceptions of study participants. As a measure of odor reduction efficiency, a coefficient W, defined as a quotient of the degree of odor reduction by the FFR, and the individual odor sensitivity of the subject, was proposed. The experimental results showed the ability of our measure to differentiate the effectiveness of odor reduction of tested FFRs. This indicates that it can be potentially employed as the assessment tool to confirm the effectiveness of such respiratory protective devices as a control measure mitigating the adverse effects of malodors on workers’ health, cognition, and behavior.

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