Structure and Behavior of Hyla geographica Tadpole Schools, with Comments on Classification of Group Behavior in Tadpoles

Copeia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (4) ◽  
pp. 938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janalee P. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Group Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Analysis of Presupposition in Cosmetics Advertisements

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Kang Lihan
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Functional Grammar ◽  
Fashion Magazines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Advertising Language ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese And English ◽  
Pragmatic Presupposition

Pragmatic presupposition focuses on the study of the relationship between the speaker and the hearer at the time of communication and the language they used. It can effectively serve advertising language from the linguistic field. In other words, pragmatic presupposition can meet some of the requirements of the advertisements. Nowadays people confront a variety of commercial advertisements, such as food advertisements, drink advertisements, digital product and cosmetic advertisements, etc. In fact, advertising language is the core factor which determines the success or failure of one commercial advertisement. Most domestic and overseas scholars have studied advertising language through cooperative principles，rhetoric and systemic-functional grammar, etc. However, they do not pay enough attention to the pragmatic presupposition manifested in both Chinese and English cosmetic advertisements. Therefore, this paper conducts a comparative study based on previous studies of pragmatic presupposition with new data. The data analyzed in this study are taken from some major fashion magazines in America, United Kingdom and China, such as VOGUE, Cosmopolitan，Trends health，etc. These cosmetic advertisements were advertised in the recent 20 years. Through the analysis, it is found that there is no significant difference between Chinese and English cosmetic advertisements in terms of types of pragmatic presupposition manifested. Both Chinese and English advertisers mainly adopt four types of pragmatic presupposition: existential presupposition, factive presupposition, state presupposition and behavior presupposition, and state presupposition takes up the largest proportion. The present study provides a more comprehensive analysis of pragmatic presupposition and classification of it. In addition, the results of this study also could help advertisers and consumers increase their mutual understanding.

scholarly journals ICF Personal Factors Strengthen Commitment to Person-Centered Rehabilitation – A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarit Karhula ◽  
Sari Saukkonen ◽  
Essi Xiong ◽  
Anu Kinnunen ◽  
Tuija Heiskanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
And Behavior

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) classification is a biopsychosocial frame of reference that contributes to a holistic understanding of the functioning of a client and the factors involved. Personal factors (PFs) are not currently classified in the ICF due to large societal and cultural diversity and lack of clarity in the scope of such factors.Aims: To ascertain which factors in the ICF classification have been defined as PFs in different studies and what conclusions have been drawn on their role in the ICF classification.Methods: The study was a scoping review. A systematic search for articles published in 2010–2020 was performed on the Cinahl, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Sport Discus databases. The PFs specified in the articles were classified according to the seven categories proposed by Geyh et al. socio-demographic factors; position in the immediate social and physical context; personal history and biography; feelings; thoughts and beliefs; motives; and general patterns of experience and behavior.Results: The search yielded 1,988 studies, of which 226 met the inclusion criteria. The studies had addressed a wide variety of PFs that were linked to all seven categories defined by Geyh et al. Some studies had also defined PFs that were linkable to other components of the ICF or that did not describe functioning. Approximately 22% (51) of the studies discussed the role of PFs in rehabilitation.Conclusions: The range of PFs in the ICF classification addressed in the reviewed studies is wide. PFs play an important role in rehabilitation. However, according to the reviewed studies, a more precise coding of PFs is not yet warranted.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Trajectory Construction and Observation of Group Behavior of Wild Bats During Cave Emergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563
Author(s):  
Emyo Fujioka ◽  
Mika Fukushiro ◽  
Kazusa Ushio ◽  
Kyosuke Kohyama ◽  
Hitoshi Habe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
External Objects ◽  
Behavioral Classification

Echolocating bats perceive the surrounding environment by processing echoes of their ultrasound emissions. Echolocation enables bats to avoid colliding with external objects in complete darkness. In this study, we sought to develop a method for measuring the collective behavior of echolocating bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus) emerging from their roost cave using high-sensitivity stereo-camera recording. First, we developed an experimental system to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) flight trajectories of bats emerging from the roost for nightly foraging. Next, we developed a method to automatically track the 3D flight paths of individual bats so that quantitative estimation of the population in proportion to the behavioral classification could be conducted. Because the classification of behavior and the estimation of population size are ecologically important indices, the method established in this study will enable quantitative investigation of how individual bats efficiently leave the roost while avoiding colliding with each other during group movement and how the group behavior of bats changes according to weather and environmental conditions. Such high-precision detection and tracking will contribute to the elucidation of the algorithm of group behavior control in creatures that move in groups together in three dimensions, such as birds.

scholarly journals ON THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECULARISM AND RELIGIOSITY

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
D. Kussainov ◽  
◽  
M. Nurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Religious Behavior ◽  
Ethical Assessment ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Meaning

The purpose of the article is to study the relationship between secularism and religiosity, to reveal the internal structure of their contextual meaning. The first part of the article examines the place of the principle of secularism in the system of spiritual and religious values. Secularization, secular, and references to secularization in most cases may be unclear. Currently, there is no easy way to standardize each term by associating it with only one concept. But the fact that different terms have a single linguistic root should not hide that they work in different conceptual frameworks with different histories. Although they sometimes inform each other, we must distinguish between the scope of application, such as a reference to temporary life or secular life, Constitutions that separate religion from politics, and the possible collapse of religion. The second part reveals the place of the concept of religiosity in the system of philosophical knowledge. The inconsistency and multilevel nature of religious life can be traced from the earliest time, primarily in religious analysis. The problem of determining the qualitative state of a believing person, aspirations, values, optimality of human behavior is reflected in this ideological scientific search for determining her religiosity, classification of types religion, religious behavior. Therefore, to date, the authors have not been able to avoid, firstly, an ethical assessment of the situations under consideration, and secondly, not to link the analysis conducted with the tasks and activities of a religious organization. The problem of religiosity in the consciousness and behavior of people, radical changes took place in society, which led to the emergence of new religious trends and changes in traditional trends. The terms denoting the main phenomena in religious life have undergone changes following religious life.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PHYSICS LEARNING MATTER INTEGRATED DISASTER IN WEST SUMATERA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Dina Syaflita
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior

West Sumatera is a disaster prone area, especially disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, floods,tsunamis, and volcanoes. The high potential of natural disasters has consequences for the importance ofdisaster mitigation efforts. School is an effective tool in shaping of mindset and behavior of students. Oneeffort that can be done is integrate the topic of natural disaster into learning, especially physics learning.Integrating physical matter in learning requires material analysis aimed at making disaster topics integratedin accordance with learning topic. The type of this research is descriptive research. The results of theresearch indicate that an analysis of the relevance of learning material to the topic of integrated disastersneeds to be done so that the integration between teaching material and the topic of disasters is carried out inharmony. Almost all physics learning material can be integrated with the topic of disasters that often hit theWest Sumatra region. The classification of material on the topic of integrated disasters is classified into factand metacognitive material.

Family Names and Nicknames of One Village: History, Etymology, Classification

2015 ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Mykola Tymoshyk
Keyword(s):  
Family Names ◽  
Simultaneous Existence ◽  
And Behavior

The tendencies of simultaneous existence of both family names and nicknames of peasants of Danyna village in Nizhyn District Chernihiv Region are observed in the article. All the necessary information has been collected in the very village by the author himself. The classification of nicknames for description of appearance, character and behavior of a certain person is presented.

Screening and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder via Assistive Tools

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Gurkan Tuna ◽  
Ayşe Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Medical Test ◽  
And Behavior

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a challenging developmental condition that involves restricted and/or repetitive behaviors and persistent challenges in social interaction and speech and nonverbal communication. There is not a standard medical test used to diagnose ASD; therefore, diagnosis is made by looking at the child's developmental history and behavior. In recent years, due to the increase in diagnosed cases of ASD, researchers proposed software-based tools to aid in and expedite the diagnosis. Considering the fact that most of these tools rely on the use of classifiers, in study, random forest, decision tree, k-nearest neighbors, and zero rule algorithms are used as classifiers, and their performances are compared using well-known performance metrics. As proven in the study, random forest algorithm can provide higher accuracy than the others in the classification of ASD and can be integrated into a computer- or humanoid-robot-based system for automated prescreening and diagnosis of ASD in preschool children groups.

scholarly journals Cooperative rescue of a juvenile capuchin (Cebus imitator) from a Boa constrictor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine M. Jack ◽  
Michaela R. Brown ◽  
Margaret S. Buehler ◽  
Saul Cheves Hernadez ◽  
Nuria Ferrero Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Cooperative Group ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
Play Session ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The threat of predation by snakes is considered to have played a significant role in the evolution of primate sensory systems and behavior. However, we know relatively little about individual and group responses given the rarity of observed predation events. Here we report an observed (filmed) predation attempt by an adult Boa constrictor (~ 2 m) on a juvenile white-faced capuchin (Cebus imitator) in the Sector Santa Rosa of the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The snake caught the juvenile monkey on the ground during a terrestrial play session. When the victim screamed, the alpha male, alpha female, and another adult female ran to the scene, physically attacked the snake (with bites and hits), and pulled the victim to safety. Most group members participated in the vocal mobbing of the snake both during and after the attack. Based on the outcomes of this predation attempt and published reports of other B. constrictor attacks on primates, the coordinated efforts of ≥ 2 group members is needed for a successful rescue. This observation adds to our growing knowledge of cooperative group behavior and its importance in predator defense.

Social Comparison, Judgment, and Behavior

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Behavior

This edited volume presents both classic and contemporary conceptual, empirical, and applied perspectives on the role of comparisons with other people—a core aspect of social life—that have implications for the self-concept, opinions, subjective and physical well-being, conformity, decision-making, group behavior, education, and social movements. The volume is comprised of original chapters, authored by noted experts, divided into three sections: basic comparison processes, neighboring fields, and applications. The first section is comprised of chapters that update classic theories and present advances, such as the dominating effect of local versus global comparisons, an analysis of the psychology of competition, how comparisons across different domains influence self-concept and achievement, and the integral connections between stereotyping and comparison. The second section introduces perspectives from neighboring fields that shed new light on social comparison. These chapters range from judgment and decision science, cognitive psychology, social network theory, and animal social behavior. The third section presents chapters that describe applications of comparison, including relative deprivation; health psychology; the effects of income inequality on well-being; the relationships among social hierarchies, power, and comparison; and the interconnections of psychological processes such as comparison and differential construal that favor the status quo and can discourage social action in the face of injustice and inequity.

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