scholarly journals Impact of Harvest Management on Forage Production and Nutrient Removal by Smooth Bromegrass on a Vegetated Treatment Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (09) ◽  
pp. 1550-1559
Author(s):  
R. Martine Similien ◽  
Todd P. Trooien ◽  
Jixiang Wu ◽  
Arvid Boe
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass

Runoff, Erosion, and Forage Production from Established Alfalfa and Smooth Bromegrass

1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Zemenchik ◽  
Nyle C. Wollenhaupt ◽  
Kenneth A. Albrecht ◽  
Andrew H. Bosworth
Keyword(s):  
Forage Production ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass

Regrowth of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) following defoliation

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Harrison ◽  
J. T. Romo
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Total Annual Production ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Phases

Regrowth and production of tillers in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) following defoliation to a 5-cm stubble height were monitored throughout the summer and in early spring the following year in central Saskatchewan. After defoliation, while smooth bromegrass was vegetative, forage began accumulating in 45–75 growingdegree-days (GDD) when moisture was favorable. Regrowth ranged from 34 to 84 g m−2. Plants also produced ≤ 51 g m−2 of regrowth when defoliated at or before culm elongation in a year with above-average precipitation. In two dry years, regrowth was minimal and plants did not regrow after defoliation in the later vegetative growth stages; however, new leaves were produced within 110–140 GDD. Following defoliation at early vegetative growth stages, 1030–1180 GDD were needed to reach maximum regrowth. Total annual production was either unaffected or reduced by defoliation. Total annual production ranged from 35 to 139 g m−2, with yields lowest when defoliated in early May or early June and highest when herbage was removed in mid-May or near flowering and seed production. When plants were defoliated during vegetative growth most tillers were produced the following spring, whereas when plants were defoliated during reproductive phases the majority of tillers emerged in the fall. The year after defoliation, the density of tillers (871–951 m−2) was not significantly different among treatments. Regrowth following defoliation cannot be related to a particular growth stage, but rather it depends on growing conditions. If smooth bromegrass is defoliated once and rested until the next year, it should be recovered by early spring and its productivity should be unaffected. Key words: Etiolated growth, forage production, grazing management, regrowth, rest requirement, tillering

Glyceria maxima for wastewater nutrient removal and forage production

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sundblad ◽  
H.-B. Wittgren
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Forage Production

The influence of harvest management and fertilizer application on seasonal yield, crude protein concentration and N offtake of grasses in northeast Saskatchewan

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
W. F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

The goal of pasture management is to match quantity and quality of herbage to the requirement of the grazing animal. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of harvest management and fertilizer application on annual and seasonal production, protein concentration and N-offtake by eight grass species adapted to the central Aspen Parkland. In this 3-yr splitsplit- plot experiment, grasses were either fertilized annually (50 and 13 kg ha-1 of N and P, respectively) or left unfertilized, and cut either twice annually (two-cut) in early July and late September, or three to four times annually (multi-cut), in early June, early July, early August and late September if there was sufficient herbage. The grasses used in this study were Altai wildrye [Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilger], creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra), meadow bromegrass [Bromus riparius (Rehmann)], Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.), intermediate wheatgrass [Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski] and green needlegrass [Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth]. Fertilizer increased yield of the two-cut treatment 15% (P < 0.05) more than the multi-cut treatment. On average, the multi-cut treatment had 32% higher protein concentration than the two-cut treatment throughout the season. Fertilizer significantly increased protein concentration only in the first harvest of the multi-cut clipped plots, probably because the application rate was low. Nitrogen offtake of the multi-cut treatment averaged 24% higher than the two-cut treatment, even though the latter yielded more. Meadow bromegrass showed the most uniform seasonal distribution of yield among the high-yielding grasses under all management systems while smooth bromegrass and crested wheatgrass were generally the poorest. Crested wheatgrass had significantly more first cut production than all other grasses. Meadow bromegrass herbage also had the lowest protein concentrations throughout the growing season among the high producing grasses. Since the protein concentrations were generally higher than required by grazing beef cattle, the meadow bromegrass herbage was the most suitable for this class of cattle. Green needlegrass also showed potential for use in pastures. Key words: Pasture, hay, protein yield, Bromus, Elytrigia, Nassella, Agropyron, Festuca, Psathyrostachys, Leymus

Operation and control of wastewater treatment – a Scandinavian perspective over 20 years

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustaf Olsson ◽  
Henrik Aspegren ◽  
Marinus K. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
And Control

This paper aims to review the development of wastewater treatment operation and control over the last two decades. Due to the authors' background and experiences there is a special emphasis on the Scandinavian perspective. Since the developments in these countries have been in the forefront in the wastewater treatment area we believe that it may give a reasonable view of the progress also in other countries. The results of regulatory, technical and economical driving forces are discussed. A brief historical review of the progress of nutrient removal is made, and current methodologies for the operation and control of nutrient removal systems is reviewed.

scholarly journals Vegetated treatment area (VTAs) efficiencies for E. coli and nutrient removal on small-scale swine operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Daren Harmel ◽  
Rehanon Pampell ◽  
Terry Gentry ◽  
Doug R. Smith ◽  
Chad Hajda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Swine Operations

scholarly journals Harvest management and N-fertilization effects on yield and regrowth of smooth bromegrass, crested wheatgrass, and meadow bromegrass in the eastern prairies

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
R. G. Simons
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Fertilization Effects

Little information exists describing how pasture-type grasses such as meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.; MBR) may differ from hay-type grasses such as crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.; CWG) and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.; SBR) in terms of DMY response to harvest and fertilizer management. In a 3-yr field trial at Brandon, MB harvest management (two-cut hay management or three- to four-cut simulated pasture management) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 kg N ha−1) were examined for their interactive effects on DMY and percent regrowth of CWG, MBR, and SBR Grasses managed under a two-cut hay system generally had greater (P < 0.05) DMY and lower (P < 0.05) percent regrowth than grasses managed under a three- to four-cut simulated pasture system. There were few consistent differences in DMY between grass species with relative ranking and significance changing between site-years. However, percent regrowth of MBR was always greater (P < 0 05) than either CWG or SBR, indicating its value in rotational grazing systems. Generally, MBR responded to N-fertilizer in a similar manner to CWG and SBR. Nitrogen fertilization increased (P < 0.0001) total DMY linearly m all site-years with an apparent optimum of greater than 160 kg N ha−1 yr−1, but percent regrowth did not respond in a consistent manner. Environment, management, and grass species, respectively, accounted for 38.4, 33.2, and 0.6% of the total variation in DMY, emphasizing their relative impact on yield of dryland grasses. Key words: Grass, fertilization, hay, pasture, nitrogen

Harvest Management of Switchgrass for Biomass Feedstock and Forage Production

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt A. Sanderson ◽  
James C. Read ◽  
Roderick L. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Forage Production

Forage production and steer performance in fertilized smooth bromegrass and smooth bromegrass‐legume pastures

cftm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Hillhouse ◽  
Walter Schacht ◽  
Bruce Anderson ◽  
James MacDonald ◽  
Jonathan M Soper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forage Production ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass
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