scholarly journals Some Biological Features of <i>Aphtona whitfieldi</i> Bryant (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), an Insect Pest of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> L. in Burkina Faso

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alizèta Sawadogo ◽  
Souleymane Nacro
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Biological Features

scholarly journals Estimation of Yield Loss of Jatropha Curcas Due to Aphthona Whitfieldi in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alizèta Sawadogo ◽  
Issaka Zida ◽  
Marc Kenis ◽  
Souleymane Nacro
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Beetle Damage ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In Burkina Faso, the leaf beetle Aphthona whitfieldi is the main insect pest of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas. The beetle affects plant growth and seed yield, but the impact on yield has never been properly quantified. This study was conducted on-station and on-farm in the district of Léo, southern Burkina Faso, in 2015. It aimed at evaluating the yield losses that A. whitfieldi inflicts to J. curcas. The first experiment used 25 caged trees in their first year of fruit production, on which various amounts of beetles were released. When 200 beetles were released, the defoliation level reached 55% and caused 61% of yield loss. Releases of 400 or more beetles caused a defoliation level of at least 74% and seed losses of 98%. On-farm observations were made on attack levels and seed yields in three different types of plantations, i.e. pure plantations, plantations intercropped with food crops and hedges. These observations showed that defoliation levels over 50% were common in the three types of plantations, resulting in very low yields. This study shows the importance of beetle damage in the cultivation of J. curcas. This is likely one of the reasons for the very low yields, which, among other causes, led to the abandonment of J. curcas plantations in the region.

scholarly journals First Report of Colletotrichum truncatum Causing Stem Cankers on Jatropha curcas in Burkina Faso

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ellison ◽  
A. Sawadogo ◽  
S. Braman ◽  
S. Nacro
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Colletotrichum Truncatum ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Stem Cankers

A new disease was identified on the biofuel crop Jatropha curcas in 2012 in Burkina Faso that is causing serious yield losses. The disease was found to be widespread in both Sissili and Comoé Provinces. It causes characteristic leaf lesions, fruit necrosis, and cankers on young stems and branches. There was evidence of multiple infections on plants over the growing season, with regrowth evident from below old cankers, but there was little fruit production from infected branches. A detailed monitoring and assessment was undertaken of the disease progress in a severely infected field, over a 7-week period. The disease symptoms progressed from chlorosis through a necrotic phase and, in approximately 83% of replicates, stem cankers developed that resulted in dieback and lodging of branches. Colletotrichum truncatum and a member of the species complex C. gloeosporioides sensu lato were consistently isolated from fresh stem samples showing early symptoms (chlorosis). Koch's postulates were undertaken, to establish the pathogenicity of the two species. No symptoms were observed on plants inoculated with C. gloeosporioides; however, leaf and stem lesions developed after inoculation with C. truncatum, which was reisolated from the diseased tissue, confirming it as the disease-causing agent. Preliminary management practices for the disease are proposed.

scholarly journals Distribution et dégâts associés au thrips de l’oignon, Thrips tabaci L. (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) en fonction de la zone agro-climatique au Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2037-2048
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Savadogo ◽  
Boniface Babo Bakouan ◽  
Mathieu Wendnéyidé Sawadogo ◽  
Karim Nébié ◽  
Rémy Dabiré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Plateau Central

L’oignon est le premier légume produit au Burkina Faso. Thrips tabaci constitue son principal insecte ravageur. Ce travail avait pour objectif  d’évaluer la distribution, l’incidence et la sévérité des attaques de T. tabaci sur l’oignon. L’étude a été réalisée dans trois bassins de production  représentatifs de deux zones agroécologiques du Burkina Faso : la zone sahélienne caractérisée par une pluviosité moyenne annuelle inférieure à 600 mm et une température moyenne annuelle de 35 °C ; contre une pluviosité moyenne annuelle comprise entre 600 et 900 mm et une  température moyenne annuelle de 33 °C pour la zone nord soudanienne Nous avons réalisé des prospections dans 45 parcelles paysannes dans les zones de production ciblées. Des plantes d’oignon ont été prélevées dans trois quadrats posés sur une des diagonales de chaque parcelle, et les thrips trouvés sur chaque plante de chaque quadrat comptés. Tous les plants à l’intérieur du quadrat ont été donc observés. La densité moyenne la plus élevée (216 ±385 thrips au m2) a été observée dans la région du Nord tandis que l’incidence moyenne la plus élevée (95,91±8,92%) a été observée dans la Boucle du Mouhoun. La plus faible sévérité (19,29±13,27%) a été enregistrée dans le Plateau central. Cette étude est un premier pas vers le développement de stratégies alternatives de lutte contre les parasites dans le cadre de systèmes de production végétale durables à l’aide de bonnes pratiques agricoles et de l’utilisation des pesticides biologiques.Mots clés : Oignon, Thrips tabaci, incidence, sévérité, répartition, Burkina Faso.   English Title: Distribution and damage associated with the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci L. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) according to the agro-climatic zone in Burkina FasoOnion is the first vegetable produced in Burkina Faso. Thrips tabaci is its main insect pest. We assessed the distribution, incidence and severity of T. tabaci attacks on onion in three-production areas representative of two agroecological zones of Burkina Faso: the the Sahelian zone characterized by an average annual rainfall of less than 600 mm and an average annual temperature of 35 °C; compared to an average annual rainfall of between 600 and 900 mm and an average annual temperature of 33 °C for the northern Sudanian zone. We carried out surveys in 45 farmer plots in the targeted production zones. Thus, onion plants were taken from three quadrats placed on one of the diagonals of each plot, and the thrips found on each plant were counted. All plants within the quadrat were therefore observed. The highest average density (216±385 thrips per m²) was observed in the North while the highest average incidence (95.91±8.92%) was observed in the Boucle du Mouhoun. The lowest severity (19.29±13.27%) was recorded in the Plateau central region. This study is a first step towards the development of alternative pest control strategies within sustainable crop production systems using good agricultural practices and the use of biopesticides.Keywords: Onion, Thrips tabaci, incidence, severity, distribution, Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Major Leaf Diseases and Pathogenicity of Fungal Flora Associated with Jatropha curcas L. Foliar Diseases in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hemayoro Sama ◽  
Schémaeza Bonzi ◽  
Adama Hilou ◽  
Irénée Somda
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Fusarium Subglutinans ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L

The major foliar diseases and pathogenicity of fungal flora associated with leaf diseases of Jatropha curcas L were investigated in Burkina Faso. Prospecting and collection were carried out the plantations and hedges of J. curcas distributed in different climatic zones of Burkina Faso. The results indicate that foliar diseases are present in all climatic zones of the country. Mainly 4 foliar pathologies were recorded in the 18 sites of the study. These are yellowing of leaves with brown spots, yellowing of leaves with brown spots and black mycelium, drying of leaves from the border and virus diseases. The frequencies of observation of the various diseases show that the yellowing of the leaves with brown spots is the most disease predominant manifestation with a frequency of observation of 72%. Yellowing of the leaves with a presence of black spots and mycelium occupies the second rank with a prevalence of 33% followed by drying of leaves from borders and viroses with frequencies of 22 and 11% respectively. ANOVA analysis has shown that the climatic zone has a significant effect on the distribution of leaf viruses and leaf burns and a non-significant effect on yellowing of the leaves with or without brown spots and mycelium. The characterisation of fungal pathogens associated with these diseases identified Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium subglutinans, Phoma sorghina, Botrytis cinerea, Curvularia lunata, Botryodiplodiat hreobromae, Cercospora cesami and Curvularia eragrostidis. Curvularia lunata is the most widespread with a frequency of 44% followed by Fusarium solani with a frequency of 33%. The most seldom observed are Cercospora cesamiand Fusarium subglutinans with a frequency of 10%. Among these characterised species, pathogenicity tests identified Botryodiplodia threobromae, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium solani and Curvularia eragrostidisas the pathogenic species of observed leaf diseases of J. curcas. These results confirm that Jatropha is infested by many fungal species. There is yet an urgency to develop a plant health program adapted to the local context to fight these fungal pathogens.

scholarly journals Tolérance au déficit hydrique de cinq espèces prioritaires pour le reboisement au Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
François Wenemi Kagambèga ◽  
Rasmata Nana ◽  
Philippe Bayen ◽  
Adjima Thiombiano ◽  
Joseph Issaka Boussim
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Faidherbia Albida ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
Stress Hydrique ◽  
Combretum Micranthum ◽  
Déficit Hydrique

Description du sujet. Dans les régions arides et semi-arides, la disponibilité en eau est l’un des facteurs limitant de la croissance et du développement des arbres. L’étude de la réponse au déficit hydrique des espèces végétales permettrait de sélectionner du matériel végétal résistant pouvant se développer dans les zones sujettes à des déficits hydriques périodiques. Objectifs. L’objectif est d’évaluer la tolérance au stress hydrique de cinq espèces prioritaires pour le reboisement que sont Faidherbia albida, Acacia senegal, Jatropha curcas, Combretum micranthum et Pterocarpus lucens. Méthode. L’induction du stress a consisté à soumettre des jeunes plants d’un mois à divers régimes d’arrosage combinant deux facteurs : la quantité d’eau apportée (100 %, 50 % et 25 % de la réserve utile du substrat de sol utilisé) et la fréquence d’arrosage (3 jours, 7 jours et 10 jours), à travers un dispositif complètement randomisé avec 10 traitements hydriques, dans un essai sous serre. Les performances de croissance et les indices de tolérance des plants soumis au stress ont été mesurés pour chaque traitement. Résultats. Les résultats montrent qu’à l’exception de Pterocarpus lucens, caractérisée par de très faibles indices de tolérance en condition de stress sévère, les quatre autres essences sont performantes du fait de leur faible sensibilité au déficit hydrique et de leur taux de survie élevé. L’espèce Acacia senegal s'est révélée plus tolérante au déficit hydrique, suivie respectivement de Jatropha curcas, Combretum micranthum et Faidherbia albida. Conclusions. Les plants de ces quatre espèces constituent donc un matériel prometteur pour les reboisements des milieux soumis fréquemment à des déficits hydriques, comme les zippela.

scholarly journals Variability of morpho-metric traits and oleaginous biofuel potential of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) seeds in Burkina Faso

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (52) ◽  
pp. 2911-2918
Author(s):  
Sama Hemayoro ◽  
Ouattara Bassiaka ◽  
Hilou Adama ◽  
Derra Abdoul-Nassire ◽  
Yelemou Bathelemy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Metric Traits

Evaluating an insect pest management system in an irrigated rice environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
D. Dakouo ◽  
S. Nacro ◽  
R. Post ◽  
Y. Traoré ◽  
S. Nokoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Considerable Advantage ◽  
Application Methods

AbstractThe efficiency and profitability of an integrated pest management system consisting of a phytosanitary survey and threshold interventions (based on levels of insect damage) was tested at the Vallée du Kou irrigated rice scheme in Burkina Faso, for two consecutive crop seasons in 1987. There was a considerable advantage in cost, number of insecticidal applications and yield of a threshold intervention-based system over arbitrary or routine insecticidal application methods. The proposed method is considered to be environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Effects of Volatiles from Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) Adults on the Host Location Behavior of the Egg Parasitoid Gryon fulviventre (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331882525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apolline Sanou ◽  
Fousséni Traoré ◽  
Malick Niango Ba ◽  
Clémentine L Dabiré-Binso ◽  
Barry R Pittendrigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Clavigralla Tomentosicollis

The egg parasitoid Gryon fulviventre is a potential biological control agent of Clavigralla tomentosicollis, a coreid pod-sucking pest of Vigna unguiculata. The host location behavior of naive parasitoid females was studied using a four-armed olfactometer. Two strains of G. fulviventre parasitoids from Burkina Faso and Benin were exposed to odors provided by healthy and infested pods as well as C. tomentosicollis females and males. The time spent in each odor zone was recorded to determine the preference of parasitoid females. Results show that odors from healthy pods, infested pods, and pest females did not attract the parasitoid. However, a significantly attractive response of both strains of G. fulviventre was recorded in the presence of volatiles from males of C. tomentosicollis. Moreover, experiments testing G. fulviventre females’ behavior when simultaneously exposed to volatiles from cowpea pods (healthy and infested) and increasing numbers of C. tomentosicollis males revealed a significantly higher attraction of parasitoid females of both strains by volatiles from ten males of C. tomentosicollis. The results suggest that the males of the insect pest emit a pheromone used as kairomone by parasitoids to locate their host. The conditions determining this attractiveness at field level and its impact on host-searching efficiency are discussed.

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