Underground Water Quality in Wadi Hanifa and its Tributaries , Impact of Sewage Discharge

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Nura Al-Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Sewage Discharge

Applying Bacteriological Parameters for Evaluating Underground Water Quality

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. El-Zanfaly ◽  
A. M. Shabaan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Bacterial Pollution ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

A total of 111 water samples were drawn from 15 wells. These samples were subjected to bacteriological examinations to determine the suitability of the monitored wells as source for drinking water. Significant levels of bacterial pollution indicators were detected in the underground water samples during the period of study. Total bacterial counts ranged between 10-104CFU/ml. Faecal streptococci was the most common and detected in 9 6% of water samples. Lower percentages of samples (92, 55 and 45%) were contaminated with total coliforms, faecal coliforms and total clostridia, respectively. Faecal coliforms: faecal streptococci was less than 0.7 in 86% of the examined samples. Anaerobic bacteria were detected in the examined well water samples. Only 101 water samples were tested for anaerobic spore-formers and all showed positive results. Most examined wells do not meet the water quality standards for drinking water. Accordingly, the necessity of controllin bacterial pollution in ground-water through disinfection was clearly confirmed. Testing the underground water for more than one indicator represents an important approach for water quality assurance.

scholarly journals Top soil salinity prediction in South-Western part of Urmia Lake with ground water data

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Hamzehpour ◽  
MK Eghbal ◽  
P Bogaert ◽  
N Toomanian
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Urmia Lake ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Sodium Activity ◽  
Top Soil

Drying of Urmia Lake in the north-west of Iran threatens all the agricultural lands around the Lake. Therefore, soil salinity appears to be the major threat to the agricultural lands in the area. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spatial variation of top soil salinity by taking into account of underground water quality data as secondary information. The research was performed on a grid of 500 m in an area of 5000 ha. Soil samples were gathered during the autumn of 2009 and were repeated in the spring of 2010. Electrical conductivity of soil samples was measured in a 1:2.5 soil to water suspension. Then covariance functions were build for each data set and soil salinity prediction were done on a grid of 100 m using kriging estimator with taking into account the mean variation. Afterwards sodium activity ratio derived from underground water quality database was used as covariate to develop cross-semivarograms in prediction of top soil salinity using cokriging method. Results demonstrated that soil salinity varied from values lower than 0.5 to more than 35 dSm-1 as a function of distance to the Lake. Cross-validating the results from salinity predictions using only kriging estimator to that of cokriging with sodium activity ratio data revealed that kriging offered better estimations with ME of 0.04 for autumn 2009 and -0.12 for spring 2010. Cokriging estimator had more smoother and diffused boundaries than that of kriging and resulted in more bias estimations (ME= -0.11 and -0.21 for first and second data sets). Although kriging method had better performance in top soil salinity prediction, but cokring method resulted in smoother boundaries and reduced the negative effects of mean variation in the area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21093 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (1): 57-63, June, 2014

scholarly journals Necessity of Acknowledging Background Pollutants in Management and Assessment of Unique Basins

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoqing Duan ◽  
Xia Du ◽  
Wenqi Peng ◽  
Shijie Zhang ◽  
Liuqing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Export Coefficient Model ◽  
Export Coefficient

The limitations of water quality management and assessment methods in China can be ascertained by comparison with other countries. However, it is unreasonable to use a uniform standard to evaluate water quality throughout China because one standard cannot fully account for the regional differences in background water quality. This study aimed to provide a basis for environmental water management decision-making. Areas seriously affected by background pollutants were identified by comparing several factors across 31 provinces in China. By coupling an improved export coefficient model (ECM) with a mechanistic model, a suitable pollutant yield coefficient was determined and its rationality was analysed. The export coefficient model was applied to estimate the pollutant (chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen) output of the basin in 2015. The spatial distribution characteristics of the pollutants were determined by simulating the pollutant outputs of 22 sub-basins and nine water function zones. For the year 2020, the simulation results of pollutant outputs far exceed the sewage discharge limit in water function zones and the pollutant concentration was much higher than the standard. Considering background pollutant outputs, more reasonable sewage discharge limit and water quality evaluation method are proposed.

Effects of Leaking Septic Tanks on Underground Water Quality in Owerri Municipal, Imo State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
N Victor ◽  
I Pamela ◽  
A Selemo ◽  
C Geogeline ◽  
P Njoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Imo State

The Research of Urbanization and Environment Problems of Shandong Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2591-2594
Author(s):  
Zong Jun Gao ◽  
Yu Tian ◽  
Jia Jia Li ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Yang Min Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Cubic Curve ◽  
Type Relation ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Curve Equation ◽  
Exponential Relation

This paper studied the relation among developmental characteristics of urbanization, ratio of urbanization and GDP of Shandong Province. According to data of economy, environment and underground water resource from 1981 to 2009, meanwhile employing the ratio of urbanization as the developmental indicator and sewage discharge and underground water as the environmental indicator, an optimal model was built by equation fitting and regression, which analyzed the relation among development of urbanization, sewage discharge and underground water of Shandong Province. The results showed that as the rapid development of urbanization, the ratio of urbanization has an exponential relation to GDP, and a “N” type relation to sewage discharge as well as underground water resource, which better fitted a cubic curve equation. Through the study we also can see that as the increasing rapid development of urbanization of Shandong Province, the sewage discharge is taking on a rising trend and the underground water resource is reducing as a whole.

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