scholarly journals Geospatial analysis and epidemiological aspects of human infections with Blastocystis hominis in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Asfaram ◽  
Ahmad Daryani ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Abdol Sattar Pagheh ◽  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
The North

OBJECTIVES: Blastocystis hominis is a very common large intestinal protozoan with global prevalence in humans and non-human hosts. No precise statistics exist regarding the geographical distribution of Blastocystis that would enable the identification of high-risk communities. Therefore, the current research aimed to characterize the spatial patterns and demographic factors associated with B. hominis occurrence in northern Iran.METHODS: The current study was performed among 4,788 individuals referred to health centers in Mazandaran Province, from whom stool samples were obtained. Socio-demographic data were gathered using a questionnaire. Samples were examined by a direct wet mount, the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique, and trichrome staining. Moran local indicators of spatial association and a geographically weighted regression model were utilized to analyze the results.RESULTS: Generally, the infection rate of Blastocystis parasites was 5.2%, and was considerably higher in the age group of 10-14 years (10.6%) than in other age groups (p=0.005). Our data showed important associations between the occurrence of B. hominis and age, residence, job, contact with domestic animals, anti-parasitic drug consumption, and elevation above sea level (p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The current study characterized for the first time the infection rate and risk of B. hominis in the north of Iran, and produced a prediction map. It is expected that this map will help policymakers to plan and implement preventive measures in high-risk areas and to manage already-infected patients.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Children in Northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Leila Shahbaznejad ◽  
Hamed Rouhanizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Navaeifar ◽  
Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Faeze Sadat Movahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Mean

Objective. Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spread rapidly all over the world, infecting all age groups with this novel virus. In this manuscript, we report characteristics of children with COVID-19 in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Method. From 12 February to 28 July 2020, medical records of 100 children diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the hospitals of Mazandaran province were collected. Patients’ age, gender, clinical symptoms, and signs, in addition to therapeutic management and outcomes, were reported. Results. 57 (57%) boys and 43 girls with the mean age of 104.63 ± 79.14 months were evaluated. 20 patients (20%) were transferred to the PICU (pediatric intensive care unit), and 13 children experienced a severe form of the disease, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). The mean duration of hospitalization was 5.3 ± 4.7 days. Fever (81%), respiratory (79%), gastrointestinal (47%), and neurologic complaints (29%) were experienced by the patients in addition to skin rash (14%). Sixty-two patients needed supplemental oxygen, and 6 of them underwent endotracheal intubation. Leukopenia was reported in 7, anemia in 24, and thrombocytopenia in 12 patients. 4 patients with underlying diseases including chronic renal failure, Down syndrome with cerebral palsy, and morbid obesity died. Conclusion. COVID-19 can cause symptoms in children in two stages. In the first week, upper and lower respiratory symptoms can occur which has lower severity and prevalence compared to adults. But after 2-3 weeks following infection, symptoms of MIS-C or multisystem involvement can occur and COVID-19 should be considered. The most common indication for admission is fever, rash, and respiratory problems.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics and Genotypes of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Mianyang

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Daping Song ◽  
Min Min ◽  
Pingjing Guo ◽  
Xuemei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Risk Infection

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Mianyang. Methods: The cervical samples of 27,040 patients, who visited the Department of Gynecology of The Third Hospital of Mianyang from January 2018 to January 2020, were collected. Results: The HPV-positive infection rate was 21.40% (5,787/27,040); the single HPV infection rate was 72.04% (4,169/5,787); the double HPV infection rate was 19.73% (1,142/5,787); the triple and above HPV infection rate was 8.22% (476/5,787); the top five high-risk HPV subtypes with the highest infection rates were HPV52, 16, 58, 53, and 51, while the top five low-risk HPV subtypes with the highest infection rates were HPV81, 42, 43, 6, and 11; there were significant differences in the HPV-positive infection rate, high-risk infection rate, low-risk infection rate, and multiple infection rate among different age groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The HPV infection rate in Mianyang was 21.4%, in which the majority of the cases were single infection; the high-risk HPV subtypes were HPV52, 16, 58, 53, and 51; the HPV-positive infection rate, high-risk infection rate, low-risk infection rate, and multiple infection rate were high in the middle but low at both ends in the context of age distribution; the top three age groups with the highest infection rates were 45-49, 40-44, and 30-34.

scholarly journals First report of Blastocystis infection in pigs from large-scale farms in Xinjiang, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongjun Wang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yuxi Jiang ◽  
Jinming Xing ◽  
Dayong Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Alignment Analysis ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Abstract Background: Blastocystis is a commonly identified intestinal protozoan in humans and various animals. Few studies are available regarding the genetic characterization of Blastocystis infections in pigs in China. Methods: In this study, 801 fecal samples were collected from seven large-scale pig farms in Xinjiang and tested by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The average infection rate of Blastocystis was 21.7% (174/801); the infection rates for pre-weaning piglets, post-weaning piglets, fattening pigs, and sows were 7.1%, 10.0%, 31.8%, and 41.9%, respectively (χ 2 = 104.89; P < 0.01). Blastocystis subtypes ST1 ( n = 7), ST3 ( n = 2), and ST5 ( n = 165) were identified using sequence analysis of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene, with subtype ST5 being predominant in each of the pig farms. All the age groups were positive for Blastocystis . ST3 and ST5 were identified in pre-weaning piglets, and ST1, ST3, and ST5 in post-weaning piglets. In contrast, only the ST5 subtype was observed in fattening pigs and sows. Genetic polymorphisms were observed at the intra-subtype level, including two variations for ST1 (ST1A, ST1B), and seven for ST5 (ST5A to ST5G), by sequence alignment analysis and phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions: A high prevalence of Blastocystis was detected in pigs in Xinjiang, China. The infection rate increased significantly with increasing age of the pigs. ST5 was the predominant Blastocystis subtype in all age groups. Subtypes ST1, ST3, and ST5 may emerge as zoonotic pathogens in some areas of China because of the large scale of the pork industry and close contact between pigs and humans. More studies are needed to elucidate the transmission and public health significance of Blastocystis in pigs in various areas. Key words: Blastocystis , SSU rRNA, genetic polymorphism, pig, Xinjiang

First evidences of salt and pepper retinal lesions in patients with intestinal protozoan infections in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Jafari ◽  
Huriyeh Gorgizadeh ◽  
Masoud Soosaraei ◽  
Azar Shokri ◽  
Zainab Bandalizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Salt And Pepper ◽  
First Time

Background: It is make clear that salt and pepper retinal lesion (SPRL) has subsequently associated with the infection with Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia). However, little is known regarding prevalence of SPRL among patients suffered from parasitic infections in the world. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SPRL among patients with intestinal protozoan infections, for the first time, in Sari, northern Iran. Methods: In this case-control study a total of 150 subjects participated: 75 were in patients group diagnosed to have intestinal parasite, and 75 in control group without any intestinal infection. Fecal samples were obtained from all participants and examined with wet mount and formalin-ether methods. The retina of both groups was examined by an ophthalmologist. Results: Overall, salt and pepper retinal changes were diagnosed in 12 (16 %) patients with at least one parasitic infection (7 females and 5 males). G. lamblia was diagnosed in 6 subjects (50%), Blastocystis hominis in 5 (41.6%), and Entamoeba coli in 1 (8.3 %). Most of the patients (58.3%) had a mild infection. Bilateral retina involvement was observed in 75% of the patients. Furthermore, macula involvement was observed in 91.7 % with SPRL. Conclusion: Our findings indicated the relatively high prevalence of SPRL in subjects with giardiasis and blastocystosis. It can be concluded that not only G. lamblia but also B. hominis can cause SPRL in Sari, Iran. Further studies are needed to find other etiologic parasites able to cause retinal damages.

scholarly journals  Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infection among dogs (definitive host) and domestic ruminants (intermediate host) in the North West of Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rezaei ◽  
M. Tavassoli ◽  
A. Mahmoudian
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Linguatula Serrata ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Domestic Ruminants

&nbsp;Linguatula serrata is a zoonotic parasite causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in humans. Dog and other canines are the main definitive hosts while most herbivores, including ruminants serve as intermediate hosts for linguatulosis. Human rarely become infected as both final and intermediate hosts. This survey aimed to assess the L. serrata infection rate of dogs and domestic ruminants in North West of Iran. The upper respiratory tract of 97 dogs including 45 females and 52 males and the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of 396&nbsp;goats (203&nbsp;females and 193 males), 406 buffaloes (166 females and 240 males), 421 cattle (209 females and 212 males) and 438 sheep (223 females and 215 males) were examined for L. serrata. Animals were categorized into four age groups, including under six months, six to 24 months, two to four years and more than four years. Results showed that 27.83% of dogs were infected with L .serrata. The infection rate for goats, buffaloes, cattle and sheep was 50.75%, 26.6%, 36.62% and 42.69%, respectively. The prevalence rate in all animals was significantly associated with age and sex (P &le; 0.05). In ruminants, the highest infection rate was found in goats (P &le; 0.05). The results from this study indicate a high rate of infection in dogs and domestic ruminants, suggesting a potential high risk of zoonotic infection in man in the investigated area. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Demographic data of patients with β-thalassemia major recorded in the electronic system in the north of Iran, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnoush Kosaryan ◽  
Hossein Karami ◽  
Hadi Darvishi-Khezri ◽  
Rozita Akbarzadeh ◽  
Aily Aliasgharian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
Clinical Records

Background: Major thalassemia prevention project in Iran began in 1997. Mazandaran Province in northern Iran took effective steps in preventing the birth of patients with thalassemia major in the country. We report on the demographic status of patients with thalassemia major registered in the electronic system of Mazandaran Province in Iran.Methods: The web-based application of the Mazandaran Thalassemia Registry (THRegistry) was designed based on the Net Framework platform in VB.Net and the 2014Sql Server database. The information source included clinical records in 14 thalassemic wards of the Mazandaran province hospitals. Epidemiological data of patients and date of transfusion, blood group, educational status, employment, marital status and having children were recorded.Results: The study population was 1,725 patients including 889 (51.5%) women and 836 (48.5%) men with a mean age of 30±9.6 years. A total of 188 patients born have been identified after the launch of the country's disease prevention plan in 1997. Prenatal diagnosis (PND) services were not used in 99 cases, PND result was mistaken in 6 other cases and in the remaining 5 cases PND was performed. A total of 1,314 patients (76.2%) were blood transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT). Mean haemoglobin level in male and female patients was 9.4±6.3 and 9.01±5.1/100 g/dl, respectively. The mean age of onset of transfusion was 4±6.3 years. A total of 382 cases (22.1%) of married patients had a child of their own.Conclusions: The system is a good resource to design descriptive and cohort studies, survival studies, therapeutic planning, and observation of the success of the major thalassemia prevention project.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Rural Inhabitants of Fouman, Guilan Province, Northern Iran with Emphasis on Strongyloides stercoralis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam SHARIFDINI ◽  
Laleh GHANBARZADEH ◽  
Ameneh BARIKANI ◽  
Mehrzad SARAEI
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Hook Worm

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are among the most important etiologies of gastrointestinal disorders in developing countries. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of IPIs in rural inhabitants of Fouman, northern Iran. Methods: Overall, 31 villages were randomly selected during 2015-2016. Stool samples were collected from 1500 inhabitants aged 2-87. The samples were examined by direct wet smear, formalin ethyl-acetate concentration and agar plate culture. Trichrome staining and modified acid-fast staining were used as confirmatory tests for intestinal amoeba and flagellates and cryptosporidium spp., respectively. Data were analyzed with Chi-Square and Fisher exact tests using SPSS. Results: 8.06% of participants were positive for at least one intestinal parasite. The prevalence of mixed parasitic infections was 0.87%. The most prevalent IPIs were caused by Trichostrongylus spp. (3.13%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (1.5%), Giardia lamblia (1.3%), and Entamoeba coli (1.0%), Blastocystis hominis (0.86%), E. histolytica/dispar (0.53%), Endolimax nana (0.26%), Iodamoeba butschlii (0.13%), Trichuris trichiura (0.07%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.07%), Hook worm (0.07%) and E. hartmani (0.07%). Statistically, the prevalence of IPIs showed significant differences regarding the age groups, education status, occupation (P<0.001), and the habit of eating raw vegetables (P<0.007), whereas, the differences were insignificant with regard to sex (P=0.924) and water supply (P=0.088). Conclusion: The prevalence of IPIs, especially soil-transmitted helminthes (STHs) has sharply decreased in northern Iran. Excluding Trichostrongylus spp. and S. stercoralis, other intestinal parasites only produce a marginal and unnoticeable health problem in this area, today.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hydatidosis in People Referring to Refer-ence Laboratory of Gorgan, Golestan Province, Northern Iran 2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman FATHI ◽  
Reza GHASEMIKHAH ◽  
Rasool MOHAMMADI ◽  
Farideh TOHIDI ◽  
Mitra SHARBATKHORI
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Golestan Province

Background: Hydatidosis is a neglected global zoonotic disease, caused by larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus in human and animal. Because of high economic and medical importance of the disease, this study was performed to find the seroprevalence of human hydatidosis in Gorgan City, Golestan Province, northern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from people referring to Reference laboratory of Golestan University of Medical sciences in 2017. A relevant questionnaire was completed for demographic data for each person. Echinococcus IgG antibody was investigated by ELISA using native antigen B. The data were analyzed using SPSS software applying logistic regression. Results: Overall, 612 blood samples were collected. Cut-off value was considered 0.29. Sixteen cases (2.6%) were seropositive for hydatidosis. The seroprevalence of hydatidosis was 2.3% and 4.7% among males and females, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between the hydatidosis and investigated variables such as sex, age, tribes, residence, education, etc. Conclusion: The prevalence of human hydatidosis shows approximately the same range as other regions of Iran. Although due to the neighboring the Mazandaran Province reported as the highest seroprevalence of hydatidosis, we expected more rate of seropositivity.

Spatial analysis of malaria in Kotabaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia: an evaluation to guide elimination strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhairiyah Juhairiyah ◽  
Dicky Andiarsa ◽  
Liestiana Indriyati ◽  
Muhammad Rasyid Ridha ◽  
Rachmalina Soerachman Prasodjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
North West ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health

Abstract Background Malaria remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia. Knowledge about spatial patterns of the residual malaria hotspots is critical to help design elimination strategies in Kotabaru district, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Methods Laboratory-confirmed malaria cases from 2012 to 2016 were analysed to examine the trend in malaria cases. Decomposition analysis was performed to assess seasonality. Annual spatial clustering of the incidence and hotspots were identified by Moran's I and the local indicator for spatial association, respectively. Results The annual parasite incidence of malaria was significantly reduced by 87% from 2012 to 2016. Plasmodium vivax infections were significantly much more prevalent over time, followed by Plasmodium falciparum infections (p&lt;0.001). The monthly seasonality of P. vivax and P. falciparum was distinct. High incidence was spatially clustered identified in the north, west and parts of south Kotabaru. Two persistent and four re-emerging high-risk clusters were identified during the period. Despite the significant reduction in the incidence of malaria, the residual high-risk villages remained clustered in the northern part of Kotabaru. Conclusions A spatially explicit decision support system is needed to support surveillance and control programs in the identified high-risk areas to succeed in the elimination goal of 2030.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HBV/HCV Infections in HIV-Positive Patients in Northern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Bakhti ◽  
Mohammadreza Haghshenas ◽  
Reza Valadan ◽  
Mehdi Rabie Rudsari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The North ◽  
Hcv Antibody

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of infection with other pathogens, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). A crucial aspect of HIV prevention and treatment programs is knowledge of the prevalence of co-infection of HIV and HBV and/or HCV. This study sought to determine HBV and HCV co-infection in HIV-positive patients in northern Iran. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 83 HIV-positive patients whose infection was previously confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in the HIV center in the North of Iran. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data from participants. Samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV antibody. All non-reactive samples were recorded as negative. Results: The 83 patients comprised 50 (60%) males and 33 (40%) females. Twenty eight (33%) and 15 (18%) subjects were positive for HCV antibody and hepatitis B surface antigen, respectively. Seven (8%) of subjects were co-infected with all three viruses. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HCV and HIV co-infection was high and was strongly related to mutual acquisition. 

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