Optimizing microalgal biomass for biofuel production: the impact of glucose feeding on lipid and fatty acid profiles inChlorella zofingiensis

Biofuels ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-833
Author(s):  
JH Mussgnug
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Glucose Feeding ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals PSI-32 Impact of titrating levels of dried distillers grains with solubles as a replacement of soybean meal on Boer goat fat quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 254-254
Author(s):  
Linnea Rimmer ◽  
Cassandra K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Fat Quality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Due to the rising goat population in the United States, there is growing economic incentive to feed dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) over soybean meal (SBM). However, there is limited knowledge of how this may affect carcass composition. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of titrating levels of DDGS as a replacement of SBM on Boer goat fatty acid profiles. Thirty-two Boer goat kids were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets consisting of 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% DDGS replacing SBM. There were no detected differences (P > 0.05) in final body weight after a 47-d growth experiment. Goats were slaughtered in a commercial, USDA-inspected facility, backfat samples collected between the 12th and 13th rib, and samples analyzed for fatty acid profile via AOAC Official Method 996.06. Data were analyzed with goat as the experimental unit in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatment did not impact (P > 0.05) the overall fatty acid profile or iodine value (50 to 52 points) of fat samples. This may be because fatty acids go through biohydrogenation by rumen bacteria, limiting the impact of diet on fatty acid profile. That said, increasing levels of DDGS impacted (P = 0.03) both C16:1 and C18:3 in a quadratic manner. Specifically, goats fed 0% and 100% DDGS replacing SBM had higher C16:1 than those fed intermediate levels of DDGS, while the opposite was true for C18:3. No other fatty acid was affected (P > 0.05), nor were there shifts in the ratio of saturated vs. unsaturated, or the total sum of n-3 fatty acids. In summary, fatty acid profiles are not significantly impacted by increasing levels of DDGS in place of SBM, and therefore DDGS can be used in Boer goat diets without impacting fat quality.

scholarly journals Temperature modulation of fatty acid profiles for biofuel production in nitrogen deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel O. James ◽  
Charles H. Hocart ◽  
Warwick Hillier ◽  
G. Dean Price ◽  
Michael A. Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Temperature Modulation ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

scholarly journals The impact of an omega-3 fatty acid rich lipid emulsion on fatty acid profiles in critically ill septic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Hall ◽  
Dilraj K. Bilku ◽  
Christopher P. Neal ◽  
Jill Cooke ◽  
Helena L. Fisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effects of Fruit Maturity Stages on GC-FID Fatty Acid Profiles, Phenolic Contents, and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus marginata L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hanene Ghazghazi ◽  
Badiaa Essghaier ◽  
Ichrak Jawadi ◽  
Leila Riahi ◽  
Ridha Ben Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of development stages of Eucalyptus marginata’s fruits on the fatty acid composition as well as on phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of oils. Taking into account fruit maturity stages, vegetable oils have been evaluated for their biological potentials. Fatty acid profiles were quantified using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a flame ionization detector (FID). The fatty acid profiles of oils obtained from mature fruits showed highest linoleic acid content (49.21%) and Z-vaccenic (C18:1n-7) + oleic (C18:1n-9) acids (22.40%) and a low content of linolenic acid (C18:3) (1.59%). On the other hand, the major saturated fatty acid compound found in the oil of immature Eucalyptus marginata fruits was palmitic acid (C16:0) with about 27%. Based on the Folin–Ciocalteau method, the obtained results revealed a significant difference in the contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins according to the stage of fruit maturity ( p < 0.05 ). Furthermore, the detected antimicrobial potentials were related to the fruit maturity stage. While both veg\etable oils extracted from mature and immature Eucalyptus marginata fruits exhibited notable antibacterial activities against the species Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Serratia marcescens, and Escherichia coli, only the oils extracted from immature fruits exhibited an antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis.

scholarly journals The role of the gut microbiota in the effects of early-life stress and dietary fatty acids on later-life central and metabolic outcomes in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty Reemst ◽  
Sebastian Tims ◽  
Kit-yi Yam ◽  
Mona Mischke ◽  
Jan Knol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Early-life stress (ELS) leads to increased vulnerability for mental and metabolic disorders. We have previously shown that dietary low ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is able to protect against ELS-induced cognitive impairments. Due to the importance of the gut microbiota as determinants of long-term health, we here study the impact of ELS and dietary PUFA’s on the gut microbiota, and how this relates to the previously described cognitive, metabolic and fatty acid profiles. Male mice were exposed to ELS via the limited bedding and nesting paradigm (postnatal day (P)2 – P9) and to an early diet (P2 – P42) with either high (15) or low (1) ω-6 linoleic acid to ω-3 alpha-linolenic acid ratio. 16S ribosomal RNA was sequenced and analyzed from fecal samples at P21, P42 and P180. ELS increased β-diversity which persisted into adulthood. The low ω-6/ω-3 diet prevented the ELS-induced increase in β-diversity, at P42. At the level of taxa abundance, for example, the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes increased while Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia decreased with age; ELS reduced the relative abundance of the genera RC9 gut group and Rikenella into adulthood and the low ω-6/ω-3 diet reduced the abundance of the Firmicutes Erysipelotrichia. At P42, species abundance correlated with body fat mass and circulating leptin (e.g. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria taxa) and fatty acid profiles (e.g. Firmicutes taxa). This study gives novel insights into the impact of age, ELS and dietary PUFAs on microbiota composition, providing potential targets for non-invasive (nutritional) modulation of the ELS-induced deficits.

scholarly journals Low protein diet and methyl-donor supplements modify testicular physiology in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L Morgan ◽  
Isaac Ampong ◽  
Nader Eid ◽  
Charlène Rouillon ◽  
Helen R Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Impact

The link between male diet and sperm quality has received significant investigation. However, the impact diet and dietary supplements have on the testicular environment has been examined to a lesser extent. Here, we establish the impact of a sub-optimal low protein diet (LPD) on testicular morphology, apoptosis and serum fatty acid profiles. Furthermore, we define whether supplementing a LPD with specific methyl donors abrogates any detrimental effects of the LPD. Male C57BL6 mice were fed either a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein; n = 8), an isocaloric LPD (LPD; 9% protein; n = 8) or an LPD supplemented with methyl donors (MD-LPD; choline chloride, betaine, methionine, folic acid, vitamin B12; n = 8) for a minimum of 7 weeks. Analysis of male serum fatty acid profiles by gas chromatography revealed elevated levels of saturated fatty acids and lower levels of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in MD-LPD males when compared to NPD and/or LPD males. Testes of LPD males displayed larger seminiferous tubule cross section area when compared to NPD and MD-LPD males, while MD-LPD tubules displayed a larger luminal area. Furthermore, TUNNEL staining revealed LPD males possessed a reduced number of tubules positive for apoptosis, while gene expression analysis showed MD-LPD testes displayed decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic genes Bax, Csap1 and Fas when compared to NPD males. Finally, testes from MD-LPD males displayed a reduced telomere length but increased telomerase activity. These data reveal the significance of sub-optimal nutrition for paternal metabolic and reproductive physiology.

scholarly journals Analysis and Engineering of Substrate Shuttling by the Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) in Fatty Acid Synthases (FASs)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Rossini ◽  
Jan Gajewski ◽  
Maja Klaus ◽  
Gerhard Hummer ◽  
Martin Grininger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Interface ◽  
Microbial Biofuel ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIn the large enzyme complexes of natural biosynthetic pathways, molecules are assembled like in a factory. Carrier domains shuttle substrates and intermediates as covalently attached cargo within the enzyme complex between active sites. The physical confinement of the reaction increases reaction rates and hinders pathway branching. Alternating interactions of substrate-loaded carrier domains with different catalytic domains modulate the chemical environment. In this study, we aim at assessing the impact of domain-domain interactions (DDIs) on the reaction progress of a multienzyme type I fatty acid synthase (FAS) in quantitative terms. We modulate DDIs by single interface mutations, and read out the impact on substrate shuttling by recording fatty acid (FA) chain length product spectra and FAS activities. Our data show that even single interface point mutations can severely affect FA synthesis. With molecular dynamics simulations and modeling, we relate the mutation effects to specific alterations in the molecular interaction networks and domain-domain binding energetics. Some of the presented mutations induce the synthesis of short-chain FAs. These compounds are important commodity products and potent precursors for microbial biofuel production.

scholarly journals TAG pathway engineering via GPAT2 concurrently potentiates abiotic stress tolerance and oleaginicity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Si-Fen Liu ◽  
Ruo-Yu Li ◽  
Wei-Dong Yang ◽  
Jie-Sheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Pathway Engineering ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite the great potential of marine diatoms in biofuel sector, commercially viable biofuel production from native diatom strain is impractical. Targeted engineering of TAG pathway represents a promising approach; however, recruitment of potential candidate has been regarded as critical. Here, we identified a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (GPAT2) isoform and overexpressed in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Results GPAT2 overexpression did not impair growth and photosynthesis. GPAT2 overexpression reduced carbohydrates and protein content, however, lipid content were significantly increased. Specifically, TAG content was notably increased by 2.9-fold than phospho- and glyco-lipids. GPAT2 overexpression elicited the push-and-pull strategy by increasing the abundance of substrates for the subsequent metabolic enzymes, thereby increased the expression of LPAAT and DGAT. Besides, GPAT2-mediated lipid overproduction coordinated the expression of NADPH biosynthetic genes. GPAT2 altered the fatty acid profile in TAGs with C16:0 as the predominant fatty acid moieties. We further investigated the impact of GPAT2 on conferring abiotic stress, which exhibited enhanced tolerance to hyposaline (70%) and chilling (10 ºC) conditions via altered fatty acid saturation level. Conclusions Collectively, our results exemplified the critical role of GPAT2 in hyperaccumulating TAGs with altered fatty acid profile, which in turn uphold resistance to abiotic stress conditions.

scholarly journals Determination of Microalgal Lipid Content and Fatty Acid for Biofuel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Chen ◽  
Lingfeng Wang ◽  
Shuang Qiu ◽  
Shijian Ge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Biofuels produced from microalgal biomass have received growing worldwide recognition as promising alternatives to conventional petroleum-derived fuels. Among the processes involved, the downstream refinement process for the extraction of lipids from biomass greatly influences the sustainability and efficiency of the entire biofuel system. This review summarizes and compares the current techniques for the extraction and measurement of microalgal lipids, including the gravimetric methods using organic solvents, CO2-based solvents, ionic liquids and switchable solvents, Nile red lipid visualization method, sulfo-phospho-vanillin method, and the thin-layer chromatography method. Each method has its own competitive advantages and disadvantages. For example, the organic solvents-based gravimetric method is mostly used and frequently employed as a reference standard to validate other methods, but it requires large amounts of samples and is time-consuming and expensive to recover solvents also with low selectivity towards desired products. The pretreatment approaches which aimed to disrupt cells and support subsequent lipid extraction through bead beating, microwave, ultrasonication, chemical methods, and enzymatic disruption are also introduced. Moreover, the principles and procedures for the production and quantification of fatty acids are finally described in detail, involving the preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and their quantification and composition analysis by gas chromatography.

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