scholarly journals Subserosal localization of myenteric ganglia in normal human appendix: immunostaining with neuronal and glial markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 743-746
Author(s):  
E. Kubikova ◽  
I. Sivakova ◽  
H. El Falougy ◽  
A. Perzelova
Keyword(s):  
Normal Human ◽  
Human Appendix ◽  
Myenteric Ganglia

scholarly journals The vermiform appendix impacts the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (465) ◽  
pp. eaar5280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Killinger ◽  
Zachary Madaj ◽  
Jacek W. Sikora ◽  
Nolwen Rey ◽  
Alec J. Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Human Appendix

The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves the accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein, which has been suggested to begin in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we determined the capacity of the appendix to modify PD risk and influence pathogenesis. In two independent epidemiological datasets, involving more than 1.6 million individuals and over 91 million person-years, we observed that removal of the appendix decades before PD onset was associated with a lower risk for PD, particularly for individuals living in rural areas, and delayed the age of PD onset. We also found that the healthy human appendix contained intraneuronal α-synuclein aggregates and an abundance of PD pathology–associated α-synuclein truncation products that are known to accumulate in Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of PD. Lysates of human appendix tissue induced the rapid cleavage and oligomerization of full-length recombinant α-synuclein. Together, we propose that the normal human appendix contains pathogenic forms of α-synuclein that affect the risk of developing PD.

scholarly journals Distribution of immunoglobulin producing cells is different in normal human appendix and colon mucosa.

Gut ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Bjerke ◽  
P Brandtzaeg ◽  
T O Rognum
Keyword(s):  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Human Appendix

Atypical localization of myenteric ganglia in the human appendical wall: a comparative study with animal appendix

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliska Kubikova ◽  
Ivana Sivakova ◽  
Anna Perzelova
Keyword(s):  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
Human Appendix ◽  
Atypical Localization ◽  
Myenteric Ganglia

AbstractThe presence of well developed appendices in some animals when compared to humans has led to speculation that appendix is a vestigial organ. Increasing number of studies have revealed that the appendix serves as an important organ in humans. The function of animal appendix, and the differences between species remain poorly understood. In this study we examined human myenteric plexus and compared them with animal studies. Appendices were obtained from five young adults in which the appendix was found to be normal after removal. Fixed appendix cryosections were examined by immunofluorescence methods using neuronal marker antibodies to neurofilaments and beta III tubulin. Both antibodies stained myenteric ganglia which were arranged in an apparently irregular pattern in human appendix wall. We observed unexpected localization of myenteric ganglia in the subserosa often accompanied by rarely occurring ganglia in the longitudinal muscle layer. These ganglia were of different sizes and shapes and unequally distributed under a thin layer of serosa. Our findings raise many questions about the possible role of irregular and atypical myenteric ganglia localization in relation to altered motility and subsequent pathogenesis of the appendix in inflammatory disease in humans. On the other hand, studies of the literature have revealed simplicity in the organization of myenteric plexus, e.g., in well-developed rabbit appendix. In addition, appendicitis in animals is restricted to in apes with similarly shaped appendix to humans.

Ultrastructural modification of cellular interactions in cancer tumor

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
N. P. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Characteristic Features

One of the most characteristic features of cancer cells is their ability to metastasia. It is suggested that the modifications of the structure and properties of cancer cells surfaces play the main role in this process. The present work was aimed at finding out what ultrastructural features apear in tumor in vivo which removal of individual cancer cells from the cell population can provide. For this purpose the cellular interactions in the normal human thyroid and cancer tumor of this gland electron microscopic were studied. The tissues were fixed in osmium tetroxide and were embedded in Araldite-Epon.In normal human thyroid the most common type of intercellular contacts was represented by simple junction formed by the parallelalignment of adjacent cell membranees leaving in between an intermembranes space 15-20 nm filled with electronlucid material (Fig. 1a). Sometimes in the basal part of cells dilatations of the intercellular space 40-50 nm wide were found (Fig. 1a). Here the cell surfaces may form single short microvilli.

Scanning Microscopy of Human Intestinal Explants in Organ Culture

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
Bruce Wetzel ◽  
Robert Buscho ◽  
Raphael Dolin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Growth Of A Variety ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Fetal Intestine ◽  
Scanning Electron

It has been reported that explants of human fetal intestine can be maintained in culture for up to 21 days in a viable condition and that these organ cultures support the growth of a variety of known viral agents responsible for enteric disease. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been undertaken on several series of these explants to determine their appearance under routine culture conditions.Fresh specimens of jejunum obtained from normal human fetuses were washed, dissected into l-4mm pieces, and cultured in modified Leibowitz L-15 medium at 34° C as previously described. Serial specimens were fixed each day in 3% glutaraldehyde for 90 minutes at room temperature, rinsed, dehydrated, and dried by the CO2 critical point method in a Denton DCP-1 device. Specimens were attached to aluminum stubs with 3M transfer tape No. 465, and one sample on each stub was carefully rolled along the adhesive such that villi were broken off to expose their interiors.

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