scholarly journals Virus-neutralizing antibody response of mice to consecutive infection with human and avian influenza A viruses

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (02) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
J. JANULÍKOVÁ ◽  
A. STROPKOVSKÁ ◽  
Z. BOBIŠOVÁ ◽  
I. KOŠÍK ◽  
V. MUCHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Influenza A Viruses

scholarly journals Comparison of the Replication of Influenza A Viruses in Chinese Ring-Necked Pheasants and Chukar Partridges

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 2151-2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Humberd ◽  
Yi Guan ◽  
Robert G. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Chukar Partridges

ABSTRACT We investigated the replication and transmission of avian influenza A viruses in two species thought to be intermediate hosts in the spread of influenza A viruses in live poultry markets: Chinese ring-necked pheasants and chukar partridges. All 15 hemagglutinin subtypes replicated in pheasants, and most subtypes transmitted to naïve contact pheasants, primarily via the fecal-oral route. Many viruses were shed from the gastrointestinal tract of experimentally inoculated pheasants for 14 days or longer. Virus was isolated from the cloacal swabs of one contact pheasant for an unprecedented 45 days. Chukar partridges were less susceptible to infection with avian influenza viruses. The viruses that replicated in chukar partridges were isolated for 7 days after experimental inoculation, predominantly from the respiratory tract. We detected high neutralizing antibody titers with correspondingly low levels of serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers in pheasants and chukar partridges when chicken red blood cells were used in serological analyses. When horse erythrocytes were used, antibody titers were comparable to those obtained by using the neutralization assay. More importantly, the results suggested that pheasants can serve as a reservoir of influenza virus. Because of their continuous asymptomatic infection and longer stay in the markets, pheasants are ideal “carriers” of influenza A viruses. Their continued presence in live markets contributes to the perpetuation and genetic interaction of influenza viruses there. On the basis of our findings, it does not make good sense to ban quail but not pheasants from the live markets.

scholarly journals Development and application of a real-time RT-PCR assay to rapidly detect H2 subtype avian influenza A viruses

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872199481
Author(s):  
Yixin Xiao ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Fumin Liu ◽  
Hangping Yao ◽  
Nanping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Minor Groove Binder ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Taqman Minor Groove Binder

The H2 subtypes of avian influenza A viruses (avian IAVs) have been circulating in poultry, and they have the potential to infect humans. Therefore, establishing a method to quickly detect this subtype is pivotal. We developed a TaqMan minor groove binder real-time RT-PCR assay that involved probes and primers based on conserved sequences of the matrix and hemagglutinin genes. The detection limit of this assay was as low as one 50% egg infectious dose (EID50)/mL per reaction. This assay is specific, sensitive, and rapid for detecting avian IAV H2 subtypes.

Ongoing transmission of avian influenza A viruses in Hong Kong despite very comprehensive poultry control measures: A prospective seroepidemiology study

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin K.W. To ◽  
Ivan F.N. Hung ◽  
Yin-Ming Lui ◽  
Florence K.Y. Mok ◽  
Andy S.F. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Influenza A Viruses

scholarly journals The impact of vaccination on the breadth and magnitude of the antibody response to influenza A viruses in HIV-infected individuals

AIDS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1803-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Kohler ◽  
Roger Kouyos ◽  
Matteo Bianchi ◽  
Christina Grube ◽  
Arkadiusz Wyrzucki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of low pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza A viruses from a healthy flock and its comparison to other H9N2 isolates

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Munir ◽  
Siamak Zohari ◽  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Nauman Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

scholarly journals Characterization of a Human H5N1 Influenza A Virus Isolated in 2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (15) ◽  
pp. 9926-9932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Shinya ◽  
Masato Hatta ◽  
Shinya Yamada ◽  
Ayato Takada ◽  
Shinji Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
H5n1 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
H5n1 Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus

ABSTRACT In 2003, H5N1 avian influenza virus infections were diagnosed in two Hong Kong residents who had visited the Fujian province in mainland China, affording us the opportunity to characterize one of the viral isolates, A/Hong Kong/213/03 (HK213; H5N1). In contrast to H5N1 viruses isolated from humans during the 1997 outbreak in Hong Kong, HK213 retained several features of aquatic bird viruses, including the lack of a deletion in the neuraminidase stalk and the absence of additional oligosaccharide chains at the globular head of the hemagglutinin molecule. It demonstrated weak pathogenicity in mice and ferrets but caused lethal infection in chickens. The original isolate failed to produce disease in ducks but became more pathogenic after five passages. Taken together, these findings portray the HK213 isolate as an aquatic avian influenza A virus without the molecular changes associated with the replication of H5N1 avian viruses in land-based poultry such as chickens. This case challenges the view that adaptation to land-based poultry is a prerequisite for the replication of aquatic avian influenza A viruses in humans.

scholarly journals Characterization of H9N2 influenza A viruses isolated from chicken products imported into Japan from China

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MASE ◽  
M. ETO ◽  
K. IMAI ◽  
K. TSUKAMOTO ◽  
S. YAMAGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H9n2 Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Potential Sources

We characterized eleven H9N2 influenza A viruses isolated from chicken products imported from China. Genetically they were classified into six distinct genotypes, including five already known genotypes and one novel genotype. This suggested that such multiple genotypes of the H9N2 virus have possibly already become widespread and endemic in China. Two isolates have amino-acid substitutions that confer resistance to amantadine in the M2 region, and this supported the evidence that this mutation might be a result of the wide application of amantadine for avian influenza treatment in China. These findings emphasize the importance of surveillance for avian influenza virus in this region, and of quarantining imported chicken products as potential sources for the introduction of influenza virus.

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