Rhizospheric P and K in forest soil manipulated with ammonium sulfate and water

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Clegg ◽  
George R. Gobran
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil Fractions ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fraction

This study shows how the stress manipulations, ammonium sulfate, drought and irrigation changed the P and K status of three soil fractions (bulk soil, rhizosphere and soil-root interface) from E, Bh and Bs horizons of a Norway spruce stand in southwestern Sweden. The results indicate that dynamic linkages exist between the three soil fractions and tree growth. Accumulation rather than depletion of P and K were observed in the vicinity of the roots which we attribute primarily to accumulated organic matter and high rates of mineralization. Relative depletion of P and K around roots resulted from treatments that stimulated tree growth and P and K uptake. The ratio of organic P, the largest extractable P fraction, to inorganic P indicated that organic P is an important P resource when inorganic P is heavily utilized in treatments where growth has increased. There are indications that K supply was reduced by stimulating growth with ammonium sulfate and irrigation, suggesting that K rather than P can become the second limiting factor to growth at this site after N. Key words: Organic matter, available P and K, relative depletion, Norway spruce, ecosystem manipulation, conceptual model, environmental stress

Rhizosphere chemistry in an ammonium sulfate and water manipulated Norway spruce [Picea abies(L.) Karst.] forest

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Clegg ◽  
G. R. Gobran ◽  
X. Guan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Soil Fractions ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

The purpose of this study was to examine how the treatments ammonium sulfate, drought and irrigation changed chemical characteristics of three soil fractions (bulk soil, rhizosphere and soil root interface (SRI)) from E, Bh and Bs horizons of Podzol in a Norway spruce stand in southwestern Sweden. Regardless of the treatment, the properties of the rhizosphere and SRI nearly always differed from the bulk soil due to the high quantity of organic and root material. Irrigation and ammonium sulfate raised water soluble cations and base saturation in the bulk soil. This was possibly due to leaching from the humus and exchange reactions. In the rhizosphere and SRI, irrigation and ammonium sulfate lowered soluble base cations (BC) and base saturation when compared with control; this is attributed to a combination of leaching and high nutrient demand by trees creating a zone of relative depletion. Drought accumulated more organic matter (OM), acidity and cations in the soil fractions suggesting that the lack of water limited transport and uptake of nutrients. Generally, the magnitude of accumulation/depletion of nutrients in the soil fractions reflected the degree of stress which was in turn linked to root uptake of nutrients or to tree growth. Due to the apparent linkage between tree growth, uptake of nutrients and rhizosphere chemistry, we emphasise that soils must be studied at the rhizospheric rather than the bulk soil scale to further understand the effects of environmental stresses. Key words: Ecosystem manipulation, conceptual model, irrigation, organic matter, relative depletion, soil root interface

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC P CONTENT, MOVEMENT AND MINERALIZATION OF P IN SOIL BENEATH A FEEDLOT

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. CAMPBELL ◽  
G. J. RACZ
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Sample Depth ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Adjacent Field ◽  
Depth Water

Greater amounts of 0.5 M NaHCO3 and water-extractable P were found in soil beneath a cattle feedlot located on an alkaline sandy soil than in soil in an adjacent non-manured field. The 0.5 M NaHCO3-extractable P contents of the feedlot soil samples were greater than for the adjacent field to a depth of 120–150 cm, suggesting that P from the manure had moved to this depth. Water extracted very little P from all field samples and the feedlot samples obtained below 120 cm. Concentration of total P in the feedlot soil was usually greater than in the corresponding field soil. The field soil contained more organic P than the feedlot soil at depths of 0–90 cm. Organic P concentrations at the 0 to 15-cm depths were 268 and 56 ppm for the field and feedlot sites, respectively. The organic C:N:P ratios for the 0 to 15-cm feedlot and field samples were 214:18:1 and 132:8.7:1, respectively. Mineralization of organic P in laboratory experiments was greater in flooded soils than in soils maintained at field capacity. Rates of mineralization were greater for manured than for non-manured samples. Organic and inorganic P moved at about equal rates in soil treated with manure extract. Rates of movement of both decreased with increasing sample depth in the feedlot soil. The feedlot soil below 30 cm and the field soils exhibited a high potential for inorganic and organic P fixation. Organic and inorganic P applied as manure extract moved faster than an equivalent concentration of P as KH2PO4.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Matter (Centrosema pubescens) and Rock Phosphate Application on the Activity of Phosphatase and P Fraction of Latosol Soil in Darmaga, Bogor

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
S Djuniwati ◽  
H.B Pulunggono ◽  
Suwarno .
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Available P ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Fraction

One of the problems of acid soils such as Latosol is very low in P-availabi/ity due to high P-j'vcation in those soils. Sincesoils is deficiency of P, adaptation of plants and microorganisms to overcome deficiency of P in soil is by producing phosphatase. Phosphatase. is an enzyme that able to catalize transformation of organic P to inorganic P, and produced by plant roots, residual of plants and microorganisms. Organic mailer as a source of P besides N and energy formicroorganisms, and then rock phosphate as an alternative P fertilizer were used in this research. The objective of theresearch was to study the effect of organic matter (Centrocema pubescent) and rock phosphate application on phosphataseactivity and P fraction of Latosol soil from Darmaga, Bogor. The experiment was designed by completely randomized designwith two factors and three replications. The first factor was application of organic matter with the rate of 0, 2.5, and 5 %, and the second factor was application of rock phosphate with the rate of 0, 20, and 40 ppm P. Soil equivalent to four hundred grams of oven dried soil, organic matter, and rock phosphate were mixed based on the treatments of the experiment, and were placed in plastic pots, and then were incubated for 8 weeks period After incubation period, the soil were air dried and analyzed for phosphatase activity, available P, and organic and inorganic P. The result showed that organic mailer increased activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase, organic and inorganic-P of soil. On the other hand, rocle phosphate increased inorganic P but decreased activities of acid phosphatase,. Application of organic matter or rock phosphate on activity of acid phosphatase was higher (2.3-2.6 times) than on alkaline phosphatase. There was no effect of combinationbetween organic matter and rock phosphate on the activity of phosphatase and organic/inorganic P. Combination betweenorganic matter and rock phosphate Significantly affected available P. In each rates of rock phosphate given, the increasing rate of organic matter increased available P in their interactions, on the contrary, in each rates of organic matter, the increasing rate of rock phosphate did not affect available P in their interactions. However it was tended to decrease in therate of 40 ppm P.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Availabilities Differ between Cropland and Forestland in Shelterbelt Systems

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Scott X. Chang ◽  
Mihiri C.W. Manimel Wadu ◽  
Fengxiang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
P Cycling ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fraction

Shelterbelt systems play pivotal roles in providing goods and services to the rural community and the society at large, but phosphorus (P) cycling in shelterbelt systems is poorly studied, while P cycling and availability would be linked to the ecological function and services of shelterbelt systems. This study was conducted to understand how long-term (>30 years) land-use between cropland and forestland in shelterbelt systems affect soil P status. We investigated modified Kelowna (PKelowna) and Mehlich-3 (PMehlich) extractable P, P fractions (by sequential chemical fractionation), P sorption properties in the 0–10 and 10–30 cm soils and their relationship in six pairs of the cropland areas and adjacent forestland (each pair constitutes a shelterbelt system) in central Alberta. Both PKelowna and PMehlich in the 0–10 cm soil were greater in the cropland than in the forestland. The PKelowna ranged from 10 to 170 and 2 to 57 mg kg−1 within the cropland areas and forestland, respectively. The inorganic P fraction in the 0–30 cm depth was significantly related to PKelowna (R2 = 0.55) and PMehlich (R2 = 0.80) in cropland, but organic P fraction was not significantly related with neither PKelowna nor PMehlich. The iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) associated P (Fe/Al-P) explained ~50% and ~45% of the variation of PKelowna in the 0–30 cm soil in the cropland and forestland, respectively. The Fe/Al-P and organic P fractions in the 0–10 cm soil were greater in the cropland than in the forestland. The differences in availability and P forms depending on the land use type in shelterbelts suggest that P management needs to be land-use type-specific for shelterbelt systems.

Forms of phosphorus in virgin and fertilised calcareous soils of Western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
R. J. Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Values ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Average Contribution ◽  
Total P

Total phosphorus (P), inorganic P (Pi), organic P, and several Pi fractions were determined for 8 fertilised calcareous soils under agriculture and their virgin analogues under natural bush to ascertain changes due to agricultural development. The relationships between soil properties and forms of P were also determined. In general, agricultural development of soils resulted in increases in total P (average 105% increase), Pi (154%), organic P (49%), Olsen P (200%), Colwell P (100%), and all Pi fractions compared with their virgin analogues. For the virgin soils, the abundance of the Pi fractions was in the order: Al-P>O-P (occluded P)>Fe-P>Ca10-P = Ca2-P>Ca8-P, which changed to Al-P>Ca8-P>Ca2-P>Ca10-P>Fe-P>O-P for fertilised soils. The average contribution of each fraction to the increase in total Pi was Al-P (29%), Ca8-P (26%), Ca2-P (18%), Fe-P (13%), Ca10-P (13%), and O-P (4%). The change in Ca8-P was closely correlated with the content of the active fraction of calcite in the soil (ACCE). The increase in Fe-P associated with agriculture was highly correlated with citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (CDB) extractable Fe (Fed) and acid-ammonium oxalate extractable Fe (Feo). The increase in Al-P was correlated with the ratio of acid-ammonium oxalate extractable Al (Alo) to Feo. Both Olsen and Colwell NaHCO3-extractable P were highly correlated with Ca2-, Al-, Fe-, and Ca10-P, and total P values. Multiple regression analysis indicated that Ca2-P and Ca10-P were major contributors to available P as determined by the Olsen and Colwell soil tests.

scholarly journals Distribution of Phosphorus Fractions down the Soil Depth in the Savanna Zone of Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
A. O. Ojo ◽  
V. O. Aduramigba-Modupe ◽  
O. D. Adeoyolanu ◽  
O. A. Denton ◽  
A. O. Oyedele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Savanna Zone

The distribution of phosphorus (P) fractions down the soil depth varies depending on the soil type as being affected by the surrounding soil management practices. A 10 km by 10 km site was chosen in the savanna zone of Nigeria for the study. Modal soil profile pits were dug to identify the different soil types while soil sampling was done at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-80 cm and 80-120 cm depth. Resin P was the largest extractable P fraction while residual P was the least in the soil series characterized, down the soil depth. Fractionation results showed that there was variation down the soil depth. The conc. HCl-Pi was not observed at the 0-20 cm depth, NaHCO3-Pi and Po was small while NaOH-Pi and Po was observed at this depth. Initial decrease at the 20-40 cm depth was observed for most of the P fractions while more of the P fractions were observed at the 40-80 cm depth. The values observed at the 80-120 cm depth was however small compared to other soil depth. Resin P was the sink of P and would serve as a reserve of P in the soil series. However, organic and inorganic P extractable with NaOH i.e. NaOH Pi and Po which were high at the 0-20 cm depth would be mainly responsible for the availability of P in the soil solution for plant uptake.

Long-term phosphorus trends in Vertisols under continuous cereal cropping

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Size Fraction ◽  
Available P ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Clay Size Fraction ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Total P ◽  
Sand Size

Vertisols originally carrying brigalow vegetation (Acacia harpophylla F. Muell. ex Benth.) and cultivated for cereal cropping for up to 45 years were examined for trends in available phosphorus (P) [sodium bicarbonate extractable P (bicarb. P) and dilute acid extractable P (acid P)], organic P, inorganic P, and total P. The soils (0-0 · 1 m depth) in their virgin state contained 60 mg/kg of bicarb. P, 168 mg/kg of acid P, 239 mg/kg of organic P, and 330 mg/kg of inorganic P. All fractions of soil P declined following first-order decay with the period of cereal cropping; the rates of bicarb. P and acid P (available P) decline were 0 · 047 and 0 · 08/year. The organic P, inorganic P, and total P declined more slowly than available P; the respective rates were 0 · 026, 0 · 019, and 0 · 021/year. The rates of loss of total P and inorganic P were much higher from the clay-size fraction than the silt-size or sand-size fraction, with the t½ value of inorganic P in the sand-size fraction being almost 20 times greater than any other fraction. On the other hand, organic P loss from the clay-size fraction was much less; presumably, clay provides physical protection to soil organic matter and hence to organic P from decomposition. On average, bicarb. P and acid P declined at the rate of 1 · 3±0 · 3 and 4 · 6±1 · 4 mg P/kg soil · year. The declines in organic P and inorganic P were 3 · 0±0.4 and 4 · 1±1 · 2 mg P/kg soil · year, with a loss in total P of 7 · 2±1 · 3 mg P/kg soil · year. There was no significant shift in the ratio organic P: total P (38±7%) with the period of cultivation and cereal cropping. Organic P was closely correlated with organic C and total N in these soils. The mean amounts of P contained in the grain and the dry matter of each cereal crop from 1981 and 1984 were 7 · 6±1 · 8 and 8 · 3±2 · 4 kg P/ha, respectively. Thus, most of the soil total P loss could be accounted for by crop removal, of which organic P contributed about 40%. However, the continuous decline in available P, especially below 15 mg P/kg soil, warrants remedial measures to arrest the decline in the yields of crops grown on these Vertisols.

A conceptual model for nutrient availability in the mineral soil-root system

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Gobran ◽  
Stephen Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Soil Fractions

We propose a conceptual model based on our results from rhizospheric studies of a Norway spruce stand growing on a nutrient poor Podzol in Southwest Sweden. We assume that dynamic linkages exist between three soil fractions: bulk soil, rhizosphere (Rhizo) and soil root interface (SRI). The soil fractions were characterized by organic matter content, electrical conductivity, pH, and soluble and exchangeable cations. Analyses showed great differences among the three soil fractions, especially the properties of the SRI. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation were higher in the rhizosphere and SRI than in the bulk soil. We attribute this to accumulation of organic matter (OM) in the rhizosphere and SRI. Moreover, the rhizosphere and SRI fractions had lower pH and higher titratable acidity than the bulk soil. Any possible negative effects of Al to the roots could be offset by accumulated organic matter and base cations (BC). The calcium-aluminum balance followed a consistent trend: bulk < rhizo < SRI. The results suggest that soil around the roots exhibits a different chemical composition than that of the root-free (bulk) soil, indicating more favorable conditions for roots. We suggest that trees growing on nutrient-poor acid soils invest their energy around roots to create a favorable microenvironment for both roots and microorganisms. Our results suggest that existing models which attempt to connect tree growth to soil acidification need modification. Such modification would include horizontal variation (bulk soil, rhizo and SRI) besides the vertical ones normally emphasized. It is possible that the conceptual model may enable a better understanding and description of naturally existing relationships between soil and plants under normal and stressed conditions. Key words: Conceptual model, organic matter, rhizosphere, soil root interface, acidification and growth models, Norway spruce

Effect of biosolids on the organic matter content and phosphorus chemical fractionation of heated volcanic Chilean soils

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Antilén ◽  
Margarita Briceño ◽  
Gerardo Galindo ◽  
Mauricio Escudey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
The Impact

Biosolids produced in wastewater treatment plants with high organic matter (OM) content can be used to reclaim organic components in heated soils. The impact of biosolids amendment on soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable cations, OM content, and phosphorus (P) chemical fractionation in 3 heated volcanic soils in southern Chile was investigated in a 4-month incubation study. In amended heated soils, pH, EC, OM content, and exchangeable cations were greater than in control soils. The control OM content was increased by biosolids, and the incubation time effect to reclaim the organic component was important in Andisols and Inceptisols. The pH decreased with incubation time, reflecting the buffer capacity of volcanic soils, and EC increased. In the heated incubated soils, inorganic P was in general higher than organic P. Phosphorus distribution showed little difference with incubation time, showing that after a short time (4 months) biosolids P was not significantly redistributed to organic P; however, more available P forms (Olsen P) were determined. It can be concluded that biosolids are a valid option for reclaiming the OM content lost in soils affected by forest fires. However, an important amount of inorganic P, strongly fixed in volcanic soils, with a relative contribution of available forms for plants, could potentially contribute to soil and water pollution.

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS UNDER SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS IN EASTERN MAINE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. FERNANDEZ ◽  
R. A. STRUCHTEMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Site Productivity

Soils supporting even-aged spruce-fir stands in eastern Maine are highly acid with soil pH often found to be a useful indicator of potential tree growth. This investigation examined the chemical characteristics of these soils at 22 spruce-fir sites and the relationship between soil chemical properties and site productivity. Each major soil horizon exhibited a distinctly different chemical environment. Spruce-fir site productivity was found to be significantly correlated with B horizon organic-P, O horizon pH, and the total organic matter content of the mineral soil horizons. Soil pH increased with depth in the profile ranging from a mean value of 3.13 in the O horizon (i.e. F + H) to 4.91 in the C horizon. Significant correlations were exhibited between pH and exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Al, and extractable Al throughout the profile. Fractionation of P in the B horizons demonstrated that occluded-P was the most concentrated of the fractions measured, with the order of relative abundance for the P fractions being occluded-P > Al-P > organic-P > Fe-P > Ca-P > extractable-P. Sampling of soils for evaluating the potential for forest growth in this region must be carried out by horizons, as these differ remarkably with respect to those variables that have been shown to have an influence on tree growth. Key words: pH, site quality, organic matter, phosphorus, aluminum, spruce-fir

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