Automation and evaluation of three pesticide fate models for a national analysis of leaching risk in Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. R. McQueen ◽  
A. Farenhorst ◽  
S. Allaire ◽  
A J Cessna
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Fate Model ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Leaching Risk ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

Under the National Agri-Environmental Health Analysis and Reporting Program (NAHARP), pesticide fate models are being used to develop an indicator of risk of water contamination by pesticides (IROWC-Pest) in Canada. The large number of model runs needed for a national analysis of the risk of pesticide leaching to ground water required the development of a computer program, AutoPFM (Automate Pesticide Fate Model), to automate the running of pesticide fate models. Using Manitoba as a test province, and the selected pesticide fate models PRZM, LEACHP, and MACRO, AutoPFM permitted the estimation of the leaching potential of the fourteen most used agricultural pesticides in Manitoba. Assuming an application rate of 300 g ha-1 for each pesticide, only six pesticides demonstrated leaching across most soil series. For these six pesticides, there was significant correlation in how PRZM and LEACHP ranked the leaching potential of 337 Manitoba soil series. Because of its long running times, the estimation of leaching potential with MACRO was limited to two pesticides (2,4-D and MCPA). For these pesticides, MACRO showed significant correlation with the PRZM and LEACHP in ranking the soil series. Based on the results described in this paper, PRZM was chosen as the pesticide leaching model for use in IROWC-Pest. Key words: Risk indicators, pesticide, PRZM, LEACHM, LEACHD, MACRO, model automation, leaching, soil

scholarly journals Application of Biogas Digestate with Rice Straw Mitigates Nitrate Leaching Potential and Suppresses Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexi Wang ◽  
Seiya Chikamatsu ◽  
Tuya Gegen ◽  
Kozue Sawada ◽  
Koki Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Biogas Digestate

This study investigated the effects of biogas digestate application to soil with rice straw on nitrate leaching potential and nematicidal activity toward root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita. The following seven treatments were set up: (i) control (CONT); (ii) chemical fertilizer (CF); (iii) wet biogas digestate derived from pig manure (WBD); (iv) and (v) dry biogas digestate derived from a mixture of pig manure and rice straw at an initial C/N ratio of 20 and 30 (DBD20 and DBD30); (vi) and (vii) DBD20 mixed with rice straw to adjust the C/N ratio to 16 (Mix1) and 30 (Mix2), respectively. The application rate of CF and digestates was adjusted to 200 mg N kg−1 soil based on the inorganic ammonium nitrogen contents. Nitrate contents readily increased in all the treatments with incubation, except for Mix2, and those at day 90 were decreased with increasing initial labile C contents. Garden balsam was grown as a test plant for root-knot nematodes using the soils at day 90 and the results showed that the gall index was significantly lower in Mix2 and Mix1 than in CF. These results suggest that dry digestate mixed with rice straw might have potential for lower nitrate leaching and nematicidal properties.

Assessment of the pesticide leaching risk at the Pan-European level. The EuroPEARL approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 289 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 222-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tiktak ◽  
D.S de Nie ◽  
J.D Piñeros Garcet ◽  
A Jones ◽  
M Vanclooster
Keyword(s):  
European Level ◽  
Leaching Risk ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

Development of a method for estimating the likelihood of crack flow in Canadian agricultural soils at the landscape scale

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dadfar ◽  
S E Allaire ◽  
R. De Jong ◽  
E. van Bochove ◽  
J -T Denault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminant Transport ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Subsurface Water

Indicators of risk of water contamination by agricultural pollutants are developed in Canada to assess sustainability of agriculture. Crack flow (CF), a key pathway for sub-surface contaminant transport, is part of the transport-hydrology algorithm used in two of these risk indicators. The objective was to develop a methodology for predicting the likelihood of CF in Canadian agricultural soils at the landscape scale. The algorithm considers soil clay content, crack development followed by a runoff event based on water budget, tile drainage, and crops. More than 40% of Canadian farmlands had moderate to very high likelihood of CF, mainly in Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec, due to frequent runoffs on cracked clay soils potentially contributing to groundwater contamination. In Ontario and Quebec, farmlands with high CF likelihood correspond to regions under intensive tile drainage, which increases the risk of lateral translocation of contaminants to surface water bodies. Besides being a component of risk indicators of water contamination by phosphorus and coliforms, the CF algorithm and maps can be used to identify areas at risk of subsurface water contamination. Best management practices, adapted to reduce CF can then be targeted to these areas.Key words: Agrichemicals, contaminant transport, macropore flow, preferential flow, risk assessment, risk indicators

scholarly journals Functional test of pedotransfer functions to predict water flow and solute transport with the dual-permeability model MACRO

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2245-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moeys ◽  
M. Larsbo ◽  
L. Bergström ◽  
C. D. Brown ◽  
Y. Coquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Model Efficiency ◽  
Fate Model ◽  
Solute Leaching ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

Abstract. Estimating pesticide leaching risks at the regional scale requires the ability to completely parameterise a pesticide fate model using only survey data, such as soil and land-use maps. Such parameterisation usually rely on a set of lookup tables and (pedo)transfer functions, relating elementary soil and site properties to model parameters. The aim of this paper is to describe and test a complete set of parameter estimation algorithms developed for the pesticide fate model MACRO, which accounts for preferential flow in soil macropores. We used tracer monitoring data from 16 lysimeter studies, carried out in three European countries, to evaluate the ability of MACRO and this "blind parameterisation" scheme to reproduce measured solute leaching at the base of each lysimeter. We focused on the prediction of early tracer breakthrough due to preferential flow, because this is critical for pesticide leaching. We then calibrated a selected number of parameters in order to assess to what extent the prediction of water and solute leaching could be improved. Our results show that water flow was generally reasonably well predicted (median model efficiency, ME, of 0.42). Although the general pattern of solute leaching was reproduced well by the model, the overall model efficiency was low (median ME = −0.26) due to errors in the timing and magnitude of some peaks. Preferential solute leaching at early pore volumes was also systematically underestimated. Nonetheless, the ranking of soils according to solute loads at early pore volumes was reasonably well estimated (concordance correlation coefficient, CCC, between 0.54 and 0.72). Moreover, we also found that ignoring macropore flow leads to a significant deterioration in the ability of the model to reproduce the observed leaching pattern, and especially the early breakthrough in some soils. Finally, the calibration procedure showed that improving the estimation of solute transport parameters is probably more important than the estimation of water flow parameters. Overall, the results are encouraging for the use of this modelling set-up to estimate pesticide leaching risks at the regional-scale, especially where the objective is to identify vulnerable soils and "source" areas of contamination.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE LIXIVIAÇÃO DE PESTICIDAS EM LATOSSOLO DA REGIÃO DE GUAÍRA, SP

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIO A. SPADOTTO ◽  
HELOISA FILIZOLA ◽  
MARCO A. F. GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Attenuation Factor ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Os potenciais de lixiviação de dezenove pesticidas nos primeiros 60 cm de latossolo da região de Guaíra, Estado de São Paulo, foram estimados mediante fator de atenuação ( AF). O modelo aplicado considerou propriedades do pesticida e do solo, assim como a taxa de recarga hídrica líquida. Os pesticidas com maior potencial de lixiviação foram: Monocrotofós > Carbofuran > Metalaxil > Aldicarb > Metolaclor > Metamidofós. Para todos os pesticidas estudados naquele latossolo, o retardamento da lixiviação devido à volatilização foi muito pequeno quando comparado com o retardamento devido à sorção. Todos os pesticidas que apresentaram os mais altos potenciais de lixiviação foram os mais solúveis em água, com valores do coeficiente de partição ( Koc) iguais ou menores que 200 mL/g. Além disso, a meia-vida da maioria destes pesticidas excedeu 30 dias. Os resultados obtidos permitiram estimar que 15,2% do Monocrotofós, 5,7% do Carbofuran e 2,5% do Metalaxil que atinge a superfície do solo ultrapassariam os primeiros 60 cm do perfil do solo, sendo que cerca de 8 mg para cada 100 g de Monocrotofós aplicados na superfície do solo passariam através dos primeiros 3 m. Com base nos baixos valores de AF calculados, o potencial de lixiviação dos pesticidas que têm sido usados em áreas agrícolas de Guaíra (SP) sobre latossolos apresenta-se baixo, assim como o conseqüente risco de contaminação da água subterrânea. ASSESSING LEACHING POTENTIAL OF PESTICIDES IN OXISOL FROM GUAÍRA REGION, STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL Abstract The leaching potentials of nineteen pesticides in the top 60 cm of a Brazilian Oxisol from Guaira region, São Paulo state were estimated by means of the Attenuation Factor ( AF) method. The model applied considers pesticide and soil properties, as well as, the net recharge rate. The highest leaching potential pesticides were: Monocrotophos > Carbofuran > Metalaxyl > Aldicarb > Metolachlor > Metamidophos. For all of the pesticides studied in that Brazilian Oxisol, the leaching retardation due to the volatilization was very low when compared with the retardation due to sorption. All of the pesticides receiving the top leaching potential ranking were the most soluble pesticides , and they have organic carbon partitioning coefficient values equal 200 mL/g or lower. For almost all of these pesticides, half-life values exceed 30 days. Results allowed to estimate that 15.2% of Monocrotophos, 5.7% of Carbofuran, and 2.5% of Metalaxyl that reaches the soil surface would pass through the top 60 cm of the soil profile, and about 8 mg per 100 g of Monocrotophos applied on the soil surface would pass through the top 3 m. According to the AF values calculated, the leaching potential of the pesticides in use in Guaira (SP) agricultural areas with Oxisols is low, as well the consequent ground water contamination risk.

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