N2 fixation by soybeans grown with different levels of mineral nitrogen, and the fertilizer replacement value for a following crop

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Goss ◽  
A. de Varennes ◽  
P. S. Smith ◽  
J. A. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Response Curve ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

A field experiment was established to study the impact of added mineral N on the prediction of N2 fixation by soybean, and the consequences for the nature of any N credit that might be used to modify fertilizer recommendations to a following non-fixing crop. Nodulating and non-nodulating isolin es of soybean were grown with five rates of N fertilizer, and in a second year corn was grown in the same plots and its yield compared with a response curve. Yield, total N content, amount of N derived from soil, and fertilizer utilization of the nodulating isoline of soybean were not affected by fertilizer N. In contrast, mineral N inhibited nodulation and led to a decrease in the amount of N fixed. The balance of N in the soil was more negative for lower levels of applied N, but by the following spring the amount of mineral N in the soil was the same in all plots. The yield of corn was greater in the plots that had grown nodulating soybean than the non-nodulating isoline. The N fertilizer replacement value of 25 (8 kg N ha-1 resulted from a greater amount of root residues in the nodulating soybean, together with a C:N ratio that would favour faster mineralization than in the non-nodulating isoline. Key words: Corn, mineral N, N credit, fixation, soybean

scholarly journals Using Modified Soil Quality Index for Determining Ponds Bottom Soil Quality Status of Aquaculture Area BLUPPB Karawang West Java, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggoro Prihutomo ◽  
Warih Hardanu ◽  
Atri Triana Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Bottom Soil ◽  
The Impact

<p>The impact of aquaculture activities has led to environmental degradation, especially ponds bottom soil quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of the ponds bottom soil quality in different aquaculture systems (traditional and intensive) in BLUPPB Karawang region in a flexible value of soil quality index (SQI). Twenty ponds consisting of 5 traditional of milkfish (<em>Chanos chanos</em>) juvenile rearing ponds and 5 traditional polyculture ponds, 5 intensive of <em>Litopenaeus </em><em>va</em><em>n</em><em>namei</em> shrimp ponds lined with plastic mulch and 5 intensive <em>L. vannamei </em>shrimp earthen ponds. Variables of soil quality parameters examined include physical, chemical and biological of pond bottom soil. Sediment ponds with a depth of 5-10 cm were taken for analysis. Data statistically analyzed using Anova, continued with pos hoc test HSD Tukey. The results showed the ponds soil quality (SQI) of BLUPPB Karawang area has an average of 0.38 ± 0.02 or included in low criteria. Aquaculture systems were not significant (p&gt; 5%) to the general status of ponds soil quality. Aquaculture systems (intensive and traditional) only gave a significant different (p&lt;5%) to the parameter of soil bulk density, c-organic, total N, C:N ratio, total S, total P and soil respiration. Stability of the ponds bottom soil chemical compositions over time make level of intensity does not significantly affect, beside routine sediment removal at the end of cycle in intensive culture.</p>

Effect of irrigation method on the recovery of 15N fertilizer in a slowly permeable clay soil cropped with maize

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Mosier ◽  
WS Meyer ◽  
FM Melhuish
Keyword(s):  
Plant Stress ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Irrigated Soils

A study using 15N~labelled fertilizer was initiated in a lysimeter facility to quantify the amount of N assimilated by maize plants and that which remained in the soil at the end of a cropping season. Maize was planted in 0.43 m2 by 1.35 m deep intact Marah clay loam soil cores removed from an improved pasture in mid-October 1983. Two irrigation treatments, flood-impounding water on the soil for up to 72 h, and control-applying enough water to prevent plant stress without ponding, were employed. The crop was harvested in early April 1984 and the amount of fertilizer- and soil-derived N in the plant and remaining in the soil was determined. Grain yields were reduced about 33% by flood irrigation. Although about 30 kg N ha-1 more fertilizer N was lost from the flood-irrigated system, the difference in N recovery between the flood- and control-irrigated soils was not sufficient to account for the reduced grain yield. Flood-irrigated plants were less efficient in transporting fertilizer N to the seed than were control irrigation plants. The data suggest that the reduced seed yield and total N content of maize plants grown under flood irrigation was metabolically controlled rather than being derived from a difference in soil mineral N content compared with control-irrigated soils.

NITROGEN TRANSLOCATION IN AN ORTHIC FERRO-HUMIC PODZOL AFTER UREA FERTILIZATION

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. SWIFT ◽  
H. H. KRAUSE
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
Indigenous Forest ◽  
Urea Fertilization ◽  
N Status

Sampling of soil 9 yr after a high-rate urea application showed a significant increase in total N content and a decrease of the C:N ratio in the Bhf horizon. This change corresponded to a gain of 368 kg of N ha−1 in the 3-cm thick, sampled portion of this horizon. The changes in N status were accompanied by a general darkening of the soil. It is assumed that both fertilizer N and indigenous forest floor N were translocated to the B Horizon after the treatment. Key words: Forest fertilization, nitrogen, nutrient cycling, urea

Relating the nitrogen fertilizer needs of winter wheat crops to the soil's mineral nitrogen. Influence of the downward movement of nitrate during winter and spring

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Addiscott ◽  
R. J. Darby
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYOptimum applications of N fertilizer, Nopt have been related successfully to the amount of mineral N in the soil, Nmin in some parts of Europe but not always in the UK. If there is a body of mineral N, QN, that ultimately lessens the need for N fertilizer, it will not remain constant in its amount or its position. Mineralization will add to QN, while the nitrate component of QN will be leached downwards.Also, part of QN will be taken up into the crop where it will continue to lessen the need for fertilizer N but will be safe from leaching. A computer model was used to simulate these processes for 23 experiments, covering five sites and five years, in which N opt had been estimated. From these simulations we derived trial values of QN that took account of mineral N to a series of depths on a series of dates. For each date we used the trial values to find the depth for which Nopt was best correlated with QN andassumed that this was the depth, dL, of the lower boundary of QN on that date. Thus dL was a collective value for all 23 experiments. The value of dLincreased throughout the winter and the spring and was very closely related to the cumulative average drainage through 0·5 m soil at Rothamsted. By 15 April, dL, was 1·66 m, a depth that was compatible with observations by others that winter wheat can remove mineral N to a depth of at least 1·5 m. We inferred two likely reasons why Nmin may fail as a predictor of Nopt in the UK: insufficient depth of sampling, and too wide a spread of sampling dates. The values of Nopt were shown to be related satisfactorily to the values of QN computed, without any measurements of mineral N, for appropriate depths on single dates.

scholarly journals N2O Fluxes and Related Processes of Denitrification in Acidified Soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zheng ◽  
Junjun Ding ◽  
Qiaozhen Li ◽  
Chunying Xu ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mapping Approach ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In North China, high levels of N fertilizer and irrigation water are used in fields, which cause considerable N2O fluxes via several pathways, especially anaerobic denitrification. Anaerobic denitrification is regarded as an important microbial process for N2O production in soils with a low O2 level and high N and labile C availability (the typical soil conditions caused by high levels of N fertilizer and irrigation water in the field). We conducted an anaerobic incubation experiment to determine the impact of soil acidification (with a series of soil pH levels, pH 6.2, pH 7.1, and pH 8.7) on N2O source partitioning with the addition of KNO3 and glucose. Natural abundance isotope techniques and gas inhibitor technique were applied to analyze the N2O flux derived from fungal denitrification and bacterial denitrification and its isotopocule characteristics emitted from soils after the addition of NO- 3 and glucose. A mapping approach was used to obtain further insight into the N2O production processes. Our findings confirmed that soil pH strongly controlled the N2O production and reduction rates of denitrification. Soil acidification significantly increased N2O emissions varied from 0.76 mg N kg-1 for natural soil (pH 8.7), to 1.88 mg N kg-1 for pH 7.1, and to 2.35 mg N kg-1 for pH 6.2, and had a blockage effect on the reduction of N2O to N2. The addition of carbon sources promoted complete denitrification. We assumed a higher contribution of fungal denitrification to N2O production compared to total N2O emission associated with acidified soil. A promotion of the contribution of fungal denitrification-derived N2O was indeed observed with decreasing pH, increasing from 0.28 mg N kg-1 for pH 8.7 to 0.94 mg N kg-1 for pH 6.2. The addition of glucose further increased the contribution of fungal denitrification to N2O production from 0.99 mg N kg-1 for pH 8.7 to 3.66 mg N kg-1 for pH 6.2. The mapping approach provided rational results for correcting N2O reduction compared with the acetylene inhibition method. The results calculated by both methods indicated a reasonably large contribution of fungal denitrification to total N2O production in acidified soils.

N2O fluxes in soils of contrasting textures fertilized with liquid and solid dairy cattle manures

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Denis A Angers ◽  
Martin H Chantigny ◽  
Bernard Gagnon ◽  
Normand Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
The Impact

Manure is known to increase soil N2O emissions by stimulating nitrification and denitrification processes. Our objective was to compare soil-surface N2O emissions following the application of liquid and solid dairy cattle manures to a loamy and a clay soil cropped to silage maize. Manures were applied in 2 consecutive years at rates equivalent to 150 kg total N ha-1 and compared with a control treatment receiving an equivalent rate of synthetic N. Soil-surface N2O fluxes, soil temperature, and soil water, nitrate and ammonium contents were monitored weekly in manured and control plots. From 60 to 90% of seasonal N2O emissions occurred during the first 40 d following manure and synthetic fertilizer applications, indicating that outside that period one or several factors limited N2O emissions. The period of higher emissions following manure and fertilizer application corresponded with the period when soil mineral N contents were highest (up to 17 g NO3−-N m-2) and water-filled pore space (WFPS) was greater than 0.5 m3 m-3. The absence of significant N2O fluxes later in the growing season despite high WFPS levels indicated that the stimulating effect of organic and synthetic N additions on soil N2O production was relatively short-lived. Fertilization of silage maize with dairy cattle manure resulted in greater or equal N2O emissions than with synthetic N. This was observed despite lower overall soil mineral N contents in the manured plots, indicating that other factors affected by manure, possibly additional C substrates and enhanced soil respiration, resulted in greater denitrification and N2O production. Silage maize yields in the manured soils were lower than those receiving synthetic N, indicating that the N2O emissions per kilogram of harvested biomass were greater for manures than for synthetic N. Our results also suggest that the main source of N2O was nitrification in the loam and denitrification in the clay soil. There was no clear difference in N2O emissions between liquid and solid manures. The variable effects of liquid and solid manure addition reported in the literature on soil N2O emissions likely result from the variable composition of the manures themselves as well as from interactions with other factors such as soil environment and farming practices. A better characterization of the availability of manure C and N is required to assess the impact of manure application on soil N2O emissions under field conditions. Key words: Greenhouse gases, N2O, maize, manure

Influence of paper mill sludges on corn yields and N recovery

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N’Dayegamiye ◽  
S. Huard ◽  
Y. Thibault
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
N Efficiency

Mixed paper mill sludges are an important source of N for crop production. An estimate of direct and residual N recovery is necessary for their efficient management. A 3-yr field study (1997-1999) was conducted in central Quebec, Canada, to evaluate mixed paper mill sludges (PMS) effects on corn (Zea mays L.) yields and N nutrition, N recovery and N efficiency. The effects of PMS on soil NO3-N and total N levels were also determined. The study was situated on a silt loam Baudette soil (Humic Gleysol). The treatments included 3 PMS rates (30, 60 and 90 t ha-1 on wet basis) applied alone or in combination with N fertilizer (90 and 135 kg N ha-1, respectively, for 60 and 30 t ha-1). Treatments also included a control without PMS or N fertilizer, and a complete mineral N fertilizer (180 kg N ha-1) as recommended for corn. The previous plots were split beginning with the second year of the experiment, for annual and biennal PMS applications. Similar treatments as above were made on an adjacent site to evaluate N recovery under climatic conditions in 1999. In all years, PMS applied alone significantly increased corn yields by 1.5–5 t ha-1, compared to the unfertilized control. However, corn yields and N uptake were highest from the application of PMS in combination with N fertilizer. Biennial PMS applications at 60 to 90 ha-1 significantly increased corn yields and N uptake, which suggest high PMS residual effect; however, these increases were lower than those obtained with annual PMS applications. The N efficiency varied in 1997 from 13.0 to 15.4 kg grain kg N-1 for mineral N fertilizer and ranged from 3 to 13.7 kg grain kg N-1 for PMS, decreasing proportionally to increasing PMS rates. Apparent N recovery ranged from 1 3 to 19% in 1997 and from 10 to 14% in the residual year (1998), compared to 30 and 49%, respectively, for mineral N fertilizer. Depending on the PMS rate, N recovery varied from 13 to 21% in 1999. The results indicate high N supplying capacity and high r esidual N effects of PMS, which probably influenced corn yields and N nutrition. Annual PMS applications alone or combined with mineral N fertilizer had no significant effect on soil NO3-N and total N levels. This study demonstrates that application of low PMS rate (30 t ha-1) combined with mineral N fertilizer could achieve high agronomic, economic and environmental benefits on farms. Key words: Mixed paper mill sludges, corn yields, N uptake, N efficiency, residual effects, soil N

scholarly journals Nitrogen Contents in Soil, Grains, and Straw of Hybrid Rice Differ When Applied with Different Organic Nitrogen Sources

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Hidayat Ullah ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Animal Manures ◽  
The Impact

In the rice–wheat (R–W) system, inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer (urea, etc.) is the largest component of the N cycle, because the supply of N from organic fertilizers is insufficient. But the 4% Initiative aims to improve organic matter and stimulate carbon sequestration in soils using best agronomic practices (sustainable management practices) which are economically, environmentally, and socially friendly. This research project was, therefore, designed to assess the impact of various organic sources (OS, animal manure versus plant residues), inorganic N (urea), and their different combinations on the N concentrations in soils and plants (i.e., grains and straw) of hybrid rice plants. The experiments were conducted on farmers’ fields in Batkhela (Malakand), northwestern Pakistan, over 2 years (2011–2012 (Y1) and 2012–2013 (Y2)). The results revealed that N concentrations in soil as well as in rice plants ranked first when applied with urea-N, followed by the application of N in mixture (urea + OS), while the control plots (no N applied) ranked at the bottom. Among the six OS (three animal manures: poultry, sheep, and cattle; and three crop residues: onion, berseem, and wheat), application of N in the form of poultry manure was superior in terms of higher N concentrations in both soil and plants. Applying the required total N (120 kg N ha−1) in the form of 75% N from urea +25% N from OS resulted in higher N concentrations in soil and plants in Y1. The required total N (120 kg N ha−1) application in the form of 50% N from urea +50% N from OS produced higher N concentrations in soil and plants in Y2. It was concluded from the results, that combined application of N sources in the form of urea + OS can produce good performances in terms of higher N concentrations in soil as well as in rice plants under the R–W system. Integrated use of urea (N-fertilizer) with organic carbon sources (animal manures and crop residue) could sustain rice-based (exhaustive) cropping system.

scholarly journals Nitrogen availability effects on gas exchange measurements in field-grown maize (Zea mays L.) under irrigated Mediterranean conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Isla ◽  
Mónica Guillén ◽  
Montserrat Salmerón
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Leaf N

There are limited studies about the effect of nitrogen (N) deficiency on leaf growth, N status, and photosynthetic capacity of maize grown under field conditions in a Mediterranean climate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different levels of mineral N availability on leaf gas exchange parameters of sprinkler irrigated maize. The experiment was conducted in a conventional maize field located in the central part of the Ebro valley (Spain) during two seasons. Using a portable LICOR-6400 equipment, instantaneous measurements and light response curves to gas exchange were conducted in plots with different levels of N supply ranging from deficient (no fertilized) to over-fertilized (300 kg N/ha). In addition to gas exchange measurements, mineral soil N content, chlorophyll meter readings (CMR), leaf N content, and grain yield were measured in the different plots. Results showed that grain yield reached a plateau (14.5 Mg/ha) when the mineral N available was about 179 kg/ha. CMR were linearly and highly related to total N in ear leaves. The relationship between light-saturated leaf photosynthesis measurements and CMR was significant but very weak (R2=0.13) at V8 and V14 stages but increased later in the growing season (R2=0.52). Plants with intermediate levels of N supply (48<CMR<54) tended to have slightly higher assimilation rates than plants with higher CMR readings. As the available N increased, the saturation point, the light compensation point and significant increases of dark respiration rate were observed. Under the conditions of the study, leaf N contents of 1.9% in the ear leaf were enough to maximize leaf assimilation rates with no need to over-fertilize the maize crop.

scholarly journals N2O and NO Emissions as Affected by the Continuous Combined Application of Organic and Mineral N Fertilizer to a Soil on the North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1965
Author(s):  
Deyan Liu ◽  
Heyang Sun ◽  
Xia Liao ◽  
Jiafa Luo ◽  
Stuart Lindsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
The North ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
No Emissions

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of the continuous application of organic and mineral N fertilizer on N2O and NO emissions under maize and wheat rotation on the North China Plain. This study included eight treatments: no fertilizer (control); mineral N fertilizer (Nmin) at a rate of 200 kg N ha−1 per season; 50% mineral fertilizer N plus 50% cattle manure N (50% CM), 50% chicken manure N (50% FC) or 50% pig manure N (50% FP); 75% mineral fertilizer N plus 25% cattle manure N (25% CM), 25% chicken manure N (25% FC) or 25% pig manure N (25% FP). The annual N2O and NO emissions were 2.71 and 0.39 kg N ha−1, respectively, under the Nmin treatment, with an emission factor of 0.50% for N2O and 0.07% for NO. Compared with the Nmin treatment, N2O emissions did not differ when 50% of the mineral N was replaced with manure N (50% CM, 50% FC and 50% FP), while annual NO emissions were significantly reduced by 49.0% and 27.8% under 50% FC and 50% FP, respectively. In contrast, annual N2O emissions decreased by 21–38% compared to the Nmin treatment when 25% of the mineral N was replaced with manure N (25% CM, 25% FC and 25% FP). Most of the reduction occurred during the maize season. The 25% CM, 25% FC and 25% FP treatments had no effect on NO emissions compared to the Nmin treatment. There was no obvious difference in annual N2O and NO emissions among the organic manures at the same application rate, probably due to their similar C/N ratio. Replacing a portion of the mineral fertilizer N with organic fertilizer N did not significantly affect crop grain yield, except for the 50% FC treatment in the wheat season. Overall, the results suggest that the combined application of 25% organic manure N plus 75% mineral fertilizer N had the most potential to mitigate N2O emissions while not affecting crop yield in the maize and wheat rotation system in this area of China.

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