NITROGEN TRANSLOCATION IN AN ORTHIC FERRO-HUMIC PODZOL AFTER UREA FERTILIZATION

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. SWIFT ◽  
H. H. KRAUSE
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
Indigenous Forest ◽  
Urea Fertilization ◽  
N Status

Sampling of soil 9 yr after a high-rate urea application showed a significant increase in total N content and a decrease of the C:N ratio in the Bhf horizon. This change corresponded to a gain of 368 kg of N ha−1 in the 3-cm thick, sampled portion of this horizon. The changes in N status were accompanied by a general darkening of the soil. It is assumed that both fertilizer N and indigenous forest floor N were translocated to the B Horizon after the treatment. Key words: Forest fertilization, nitrogen, nutrient cycling, urea

scholarly journals Compost Feedstock and Compost Acidification Affect Growth and Mineral Nutrition in Northern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Costello ◽  
Dan M. Sullivan ◽  
David R. Bryla ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
James S. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Highbush Blueberry

New markets for organic northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have stimulated interest in using composts specifically tailored to the plant’s edaphic requirements. Because composts are typically neutral to alkaline in pH (pH 7 to 8), and blueberry requires acidic soil (pH 4.2 to 5.5), we investigated elemental sulfur (S0) addition as a methodology for reducing compost pH. The objectives were to 1) characterize initial compost chemistry, including the pH buffering capacity of compost (acidity required to reduce pH to 5.0), 2) measure changes in compost chemistry accompanying acidification, and 3) evaluate plant growth and mineral nutrition of blueberry in soil amended with an untreated or acidified compost. Ten composts prepared from diverse feedstocks were obtained from municipalities and farms. Addition of finely ground S0 reduced compost pH from 7.2 to 5.3, on average, after 70 d at 22 °C, and increased the solubility of nutrients, including K (from 22 to 36 mmol(+)/L), Ca (from 5 to 19 mmol(+)/L), Mg (from 5 to 20 mmol(+)/L), and Na (from 6 to 9 mmol(+)/L). Sulfate-S, a product of S0 oxidation, also increased from 5 to 45 mmol(−)/L. The composts were incorporated into soil at a high rate (30% v/v) in a greenhouse trial to evaluate their suitability for use in blueberry production. Shoot and root growth were strongly affected by compost chemical characteristics, including pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Potassium in compost was highly variable (2–32 g·kg−1). Concentration of K in the leaves increased positively in response to compost K, whereas shoot dry weight and root growth declined. Leaf Mg also declined in response to compost K, suggesting that elevated K concentrations in compost may cause Mg deficiency. Composts with the highest K were also high in total N, pH, and EC. Compost acidification to pH ≤ 6 improved growth and increased leaf Mg concentration. On the basis of these results, composts derived from animal manures or young plant tissues (e.g., green leaves) appear to be unsuitable for high-rate applications to blueberry because they usually require high amounts of S0 for acidification and are often high in EC and K, whereas those derived from woody materials, such as local yard debris, appear promising based on their C:N ratio, compost acidification requirement, and EC.

DISTRIBUTION OF N IN A SIMULATED PROFILE OF A PODSOLIC GRAY LUVISOL FOLLOWING UREA FERTILIZATION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Hydrous Oxides ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Urea Fertilization ◽  
Gray Luvisol ◽  
Humic Fraction

A laboratory leaching study, using simulated profiles, was undertaken to help explain the ability of a Podsolic Gray Luvisol to retain a considerable portion of the added urea-N in the surface 61 cm of its profile. A Podsolic Gray Luvisol, supporting lodgepole pine, in the Alberta foothills was sampled by horizons. Reconstructed profile columns were used in a laboratory leaching study to determine the effect of urea fertilization on the movement and distribution of N. Leachates were collected periodically and analyzed for total N. Upon termination of the leaching phase, soil N was fractionated by acid (0.1 M HCl) and alkali (2% NaOH) extractions. Volatilization loss of N approximated 18.5% of that retained by the fertilized columns. The addition of urea did not significantly increase the N in the leachates. Added fertilizer was retained mainly in the surface (L-F, Ah, Ae and Bf) layers of the reconstituted profiles. The largest portion of this retained N was HCl extractable. However, in the lower layers of the fertilized profiles most of the retained N was recovered in the humic fraction. It is postulated that added N as well as residual soil N mobilized by the urea treatment are retained in the soil by reaction with metal ions, hydrous oxides of Fe and Al and expanding clays. Key words: Gray Luvisols, urea, forest fertilization, N fractionation

N2 fixation by soybeans grown with different levels of mineral nitrogen, and the fertilizer replacement value for a following crop

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Goss ◽  
A. de Varennes ◽  
P. S. Smith ◽  
J. A. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Response Curve ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

A field experiment was established to study the impact of added mineral N on the prediction of N2 fixation by soybean, and the consequences for the nature of any N credit that might be used to modify fertilizer recommendations to a following non-fixing crop. Nodulating and non-nodulating isolin es of soybean were grown with five rates of N fertilizer, and in a second year corn was grown in the same plots and its yield compared with a response curve. Yield, total N content, amount of N derived from soil, and fertilizer utilization of the nodulating isoline of soybean were not affected by fertilizer N. In contrast, mineral N inhibited nodulation and led to a decrease in the amount of N fixed. The balance of N in the soil was more negative for lower levels of applied N, but by the following spring the amount of mineral N in the soil was the same in all plots. The yield of corn was greater in the plots that had grown nodulating soybean than the non-nodulating isoline. The N fertilizer replacement value of 25 (8 kg N ha-1 resulted from a greater amount of root residues in the nodulating soybean, together with a C:N ratio that would favour faster mineralization than in the non-nodulating isoline. Key words: Corn, mineral N, N credit, fixation, soybean

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Cattle Dung and Nutrient Cycling in Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Sandoval Carpinelli ◽  
Adriel Ferreira da Fonseca ◽  
Pedro Henrique Weirich Neto ◽  
Santos Henrique Brant Dias ◽  
Laíse da Silveira Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Total N ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Thiessen Polygon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Livestock Systems

Residue decomposition from cattle dung is crucial in the nutrient cycling process in Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems (ICLS). It also involves the impact of the presence of trees exerted on excreta distribution, as well as nutrient cycling. The objectives of this research included (i) mapping the distribution of cattle dung in two ICLS, i.e., with and without trees, CLT and CL, respectively, and (ii) quantification of dry matter decomposition and nutrient release (nitrogen—N, phosphorus—P, potassium—K, and sulphur—S) from cattle dung in both systems. The cattle dung excluded boxes were set out from July 2018 to October 2018 (pasture phase), and retrieved after 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 84 days (during the grazing period). The initial concentrations of N (~19 g kg−1), P (~9 g kg−1), K (~16 g kg−1), and S (~8 g kg−1) in the cattle dung showed no differences. The total N, P, K and S released from the cattle dung residues were less in the CLT system (2.2 kg ha−1 of N; 0.7 kg ha−1 of P; 2.2 kg ha−1 of K and 0.6 kg ha−1 of S), compared to the CL (4.2 kg ha−1 of N; 1.4 kg ha−1 of P; 3.6 kg ha−1 of K and 1.1 kg ha−1 of S). Lesser quantities of cattle dung were observed in the CLT (1810) compared to the CL (2652), caused by the lower stocking rate, on average, in this system (721 in the CL vs. 393 kg ha−1 in the CLT) because of the reduced amount of pasture in the CLT systems (−41%), probably due to light reduction (−42%). The density of the excreta was determined using the Thiessen polygon area. The CL system revealed a higher concentration of faeces at locations near the water points, gate and fences. The CLT affects the spatial distribution of the dung, causing uniformity. Therefore, these results strengthen the need to understand the nutrient release patterns from cattle dung to progress fertilisation management.

Soil Type Modifies the Impacts of Warming and Snow Exclusion on Carbon and Nutrient Losses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Juice ◽  
Paul G. Schaberg ◽  
Alexandra M. Kosiba ◽  
Carl E. Waite ◽  
Gary J. Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The varied and wide-reaching impacts of climate change are occurring across heterogeneous landscapes. Despite the known importance of soils in mediating biogeochemical nutrient cycling, there is little experimental evidence of how soil characteristics may shape ecosystem response to climate change. Our objective was to clarify how soil characteristics modify the impact of climate changes on carbon and nutrient leaching losses in temperate forests. We therefore conducted a field-based mesocosm experiment with replicated warming and snow exclusion treatments on two soils in large (2.4 m diameter), in-field forest sapling mesocosms. We found that nutrient loss responses to warming and snow exclusion treatments frequently varied substantially by soil type. Indeed, in some cases, soil type nullified the impact of a climate treatment. For example, warming and snow exclusion increased nitrogen (N) losses on fine soils by up to four times versus controls, but these treatments had no impact on coarse soils. Generally, the coarse textured soil, with its lower soil-water holding capacity, had higher nutrient losses (e.g., 12-17 times more total N loss from coarse than fine soils), except in the case of phosphate, which had consistently higher losses (23-58%) from the finer textured soil. Furthermore, the mitigation of nutrient loss by increasing tree biomass varied by soil type and nutrient. Our results suggest that potentially large biogeochemical responses to climate change are strongly mediated by soil characteristics, providing further evidence of the need to consider soil properties in Earth system models for improving nutrient cycling and climate projections.

scholarly journals Soil Chemistry and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Yield as Influenced by 16 Years of Composted Poultry Litter Addition

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Hebert D. A. Abobi ◽  
Armand W. Koné ◽  
Bernard Y. Koffi ◽  
Saint Salomon F. Diahuissié ◽  
Stanislas K. Loukou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Litter Addition

Poultry litter is increasingly used as organic amendment in market gardening in Côte d’Ivoire. To know about the sustainability of this practice, its impacts on soil quality should be known. This study aimed at assessing the effect on soil fertility of composted poultry litter addition for 16 years following two distinct ways, and identifying soil parameters driving cucumber yield. Trials were laid out in a Fisher randomized block design with 3 treatments replicated 5 times each: Control (C), Surface-applied compost (SAC) and Buried compost (BC). Soil (0-20 cm) chemical characteristics and cucumber growth and yield parameters were measured. Values of all parameters were higher with compost addition compared to the control, except for the C:N ratio. SAC and BC showed similar values of organic C, total N, CEC, pH and available phosphorus. However, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and base saturation were higher in SAC than in BC. Relative to values in the control, the greatest changes in soil parameters were observed with exchangeable cations, followed by soil organic matter. Soil organic C and total N concentrations have doubled in SAC while Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ increased at greater rate (702.4, 400.9 and 186.67% respectively). Also, cucumber growth parameters were the highest with compost addition compared to the control. Significant effect of the compost application way on cucumber was also observed: collar diameter, leaf area and fresh fruit yield in SAC (0.72±0.02 cm, 258.9±12.3 cm2, 11.1±1.3 t ha-1, respectively) were higher than in BC (0.56±0.01 cm, 230.2±2.5 cm2, 5.4±0.5 t ha-1 respectively). Fruit yields in SAC and BC were four times and twice higher than in the control (2.6±0.3 t ha-1), respectively. Cucumber growth parameters were determined by soil concentration in Mg2+ while yield was determined by Ca2+. Composted poultry litter should be promoted for a sustainable soil fertility management in vegetable farming systems.

scholarly journals How Can Geomorphology Inform Ecological Restoration? A Synthesis of Geophysical and Biological Assessment to Determine Restoration Priorities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leicester Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Total N ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Restoration Site ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Indigenous Forest

<p>The central concern that this study addresses is how an understanding of geomorphological processes and forms may inform ecological restoration; particularly practical restoration prioritisation. The setting is that of a hill country gully system covered in grazing pasture which historically would have been cloaked in indigenous forest. The study examines theory in conjunction with an application using a case study centred on Whareroa Farm (the restoration site) and Paraparaumu Scenic Reserve (the reference site) on the southern Kapiti Coast, north of Wellington. The impact that the change of land use has had on the soil and geomorphic condition of Whareroa and the influence the changes may have on the sites restoration is investigated. The thesis demonstrates a method of choosing reference sites to be used as templates for rehabilitating the restoration site. Geographical Information Systems and national databases are used and supplemented with site inspection. The reference site chosen, Paraparaumu Scenic Reserve, proved to be a good template for the restoration site particularly given that it is located in the midst of a heavily modified area. On-site inspection considering dendritic pattern and floristic composition confirms the database analysis results. Soil variables (bulk density, porosity, soil texture, pH, Olsen P, Anaerobic Mineralisable N, Total N (AMN), Total C and C:N ratio) are investigated and statistical comparisons made between the sites to quantify changes due to land-use change, i.e. deforestation and subsequent pastoral grazing. Factors investigated that may explain the variation in the soil variables were site (land use), hillslope location, slope aspect, and slope angle. Permutation tests were conducted to investigate the relationships between the independent factors and the SQI (dependent soil variables). Land use and slope angle were most frequent significant explanatory factors of variation, followed by hillslope location whilst slope aspect only influenced soil texture. A number of soil variables at Whareroa were found to be outside the expected range of values for an indigenous forest soil including AMN, Total N, Olsen P, and pH ...</p>

Seasonal Dynamics of Fertilizer-Derived Hydrolysable NH3 in an Arable Soil of Northeast China

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 502-506
Author(s):  
Hui Jie Lü ◽  
Hong Bo He ◽  
Xu Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Total N ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Residual Fertilizer N

Fertilizer applications to soil are widely known to be the most important anthropogenic sources to influence soil N turnover in agricultural ecosystems. More information is required on the relationships between soil organic N (SON) forms in order to predict the maintenance, transformation and stability of soil N. Accordingly, 15N-labeled (NH4)2SO4 (totally 200 kg N/ha) was applied to a maize crop throughout the entire growing period to investigate the distribution and the dynamics of fertilizer-derived N in hydrolyzable-NH3 fraction by measuring the labeled N in them. The accumulation of 15N in hydrolyzable-NH3 fraction was time-dependent although the total N concentration changed only slightly. The transformation of the residual fertilizer N to hydrolyzable-NH3-15N was maximal during the silking and grain filling stages, suggesting the fertilizer N was immobilized at an early stage during the growing period. The rapid decrease of 15N in hydrolyzable-NH3 pool indicated that hydrolyzable-NH3-15N was a temporary pool for fertilizer N retention and was able to release fertilizer N for uptake by the current crop

Forest floor mass and nutrients in two chronosequences of plantations: Jack pine vs. black spruce

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Krause
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Natural Forests

The purpose of this study was to determine whether change of forest cover had an effect on the development of the organic surface horizons, particularly on those variables that influence nutrient cycling and forest productivity. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) plantations were selected from among the youngest to oldest (2–16 yr) within a 100 km2 area in southeastern New Brunswick. Natural forests were also included as benchmark sites. The forest floor and tree foliage was sampled and trees measured on 0.05-ha plots. The forest floor samples were used to determine organic mass, nutrient contents and pH. In pine plantations, organic matter accumulated rapidly during the period of exponential tree growth, but leveled off at about 45 Mg ha–1. This was within the range of benchmark sites with mixed conifer-hardwood cover. In spruce plantations, the forest floor mass ranged upward to 77 Mg ha–1. Development was strongly influenced by the nature of the previous forest. Spruce forest floors were on average more acid and had lower nutrient concentrations, particularly N and Ca. The observed differences suggest that nutrients are recycled more rapidly in the pine plantations, partly explaining the superior growth of the latter. Key words: Forest floor, Kalmia angustifolia L., Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., Pinus banksiana Lamb., nutrient cycling, plantation forest

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document