scholarly journals Rotation crop effects on Pratylenchus penetrans and subsequent crop yields

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Jagdale ◽  
B. Ball-Coelho ◽  
J. Potter ◽  
J. Brandle ◽  
R. C. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans

Root damage from Pratylenchus penetrans causes economic losses in many crops. Rotation with poor or non-hosts is a control method that can reduce the use of fumigant nematicides. Short-term experiments were conducted to identify potential non-host sorghum and millet hybrids. In a field experiment, forage pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. 'CFPM 101'), grain pearl millet ('CGPMH-1'), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. 'CGSH-7') and rye (Secale cereale L. common) were grown in rotation with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. 'Delfield'), a known intolerant host. One rye treatment was fumigated prior to tobacco planting in 1998. P. penetrans numbers were lower in forage and grain pearl millet plots than in grain sorghum or rye plots in the year of planting. In the subsequent tobacco crop year, root nematode counts in plots where forage and grain pearl millet were grown were similar to counts in fumigated rye plots and lower than counts in plots where non-fumigated rye and grain sorghum were grown. Tobacco leaf yield was negatively correlated with soil nematode counts from November 1997 to July 1998 (r = −0.48, P = 0.0001), as well as with root counts from July 1998 to September 1998 (r = −0.40, P = 0.0015). This is the first report of P. penetrans suppression by P. glaucum in the field. Further investigation of nematode suppression by pearl millet lines and development of this potentially sustainable farming system is warranted. Key words: Pratylenchus penetrans, Pennisetum glaucum, Secale cereale, Sorghum bicolor, biological control, cropping system

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Crops, Compost, and Vermicompost on Strawberry Yields and Nitrogen Availability in North Carolina

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Beck ◽  
Michelle S. Schroeder-Moreno ◽  
Gina E. Fernandez ◽  
Julie M. Grossman ◽  
Nancy G. Creamer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N

Summer cover crop rotations, compost, and vermicompost additions can be important strategies for transition to organic production that can provide various benefits to crop yields, nitrogen (N) availability, and overall soil health, yet are underused in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production in North Carolina. This study was aimed at evaluating six summer cover crop treatments including pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), soybean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), pearl millet/soybean combination, pearl millet/cowpea combination, and a no cover crop control, with and without vermicompost additions for their effects on strawberry growth, yields, nutrient uptake, weeds, and soil inorganic nitrate-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen in a 2-year field experiment. Compost was additionally applied before seeding cover crops and preplant N fertilizer was reduced by 67% to account for organic N additions. Although all cover crops (with compost) increased soil N levels during strawberry growth compared with the no cover crop treatment, cover crops did not impact strawberry yields in the first year of the study. In the 2nd year, pearl millet cover crop treatments reduced total and marketable strawberry yields, and soybean treatments reduced marketable strawberry yields when compared with the no cover crop treatment, whereas vermicompost additions increased strawberry biomass and yields. Results from this study suggest that vermicompost additions can be important sustainable soil management strategies for transitional and certified organic strawberry production. Summer cover crops integrated with composts can provide considerable soil N, reducing fertilizer needs, but have variable responses on strawberry depending on the specific cover crop species or combination. Moreover, these practices are suitable for both organic and conventional strawberry growers and will benefit from longer-term studies that assess these practices individually and in combination and other benefits in addition to yields.

Behavior of sulfentrazone in the soil as influenced by cover crop before no-till soybean planting

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-680
Author(s):  
Gabrielle de Castro Macedo ◽  
Caio Antonio Carbonari ◽  
Edivaldo Domingues Velini ◽  
Giovanna Larissa Gimenes Cotrick Gomes ◽  
Ana Karollyna Alves de Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Crop Straw ◽  
No Till

AbstractMore than 80% of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Brazil is cultivated in no-till systems, and although cover crops benefit the soil, they may reduce the amount of residual herbicides reaching the soil, thereby decreasing herbicide efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate sulfentrazone applied alone, sequentially after glyphosate, and in a tank mixture with glyphosate before planting no-till soybean. Experiments were performed in two cover crop systems: (1) pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and (2) forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor]. The treatments tested were: glyphosate (720 g ae ha−1) at 20 d before sowing (DBS) followed by sulfentrazone (600 g ai ha−1) at 10 DBS; glyphosate + sulfentrazone (720 g ae ha−1 + 600 g ai ha−1) for cover crop desiccation at 10 DBS; and sulfentrazone alone at 10 DBS without a cover crop. The accumulation of straw was 31% greater using sorghum rather than pearl millet. In the sorghum system, the concentration of sulfentrazone at 0 to 10 cm was 57% less with sequential application and 92% less with the tank mixture compared with the treatment without cover crop straw at 1 d after application (DAA). The same occurred in the pearl millet system, where the reduction was 33% and 80% for the sequential application and tank mixture, respectively. The absence of a cover crop resulted in greater sulfentrazone concentrations in the top layer of the soil when compared with the sequential application or tank mixture. At 31 and 53 DAA, the concentration of sulfentrazone at 10 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm did not differ among treatments. Precipitation of 90 mm was enough to remove the herbicide from the cover crop straw at 31 DAA when using sequential application. An additional 90-mm precipitation was necessary to promote the same result when using the tank mixture.

scholarly journals Effect of crop rotation with grain pearl millet on Pratylenchus penetrans and subsequent potato yields in Quebec

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Dauphinais ◽  
Guy Bélair ◽  
Yvon Fournier ◽  
Om P. Dangi
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Potato Yields

Abstract A field study was conducted in Quebec to determine the effect of crop rotation with grain pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) on Pratylenchus penetrans populations and the subsequent yields of two potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) when compared with rye and continuous potato with and without fumigation. Pearl millet had a suppressive effect on P. penetrans populations compared with rye but not as much as continuous potato with fumigation. In 2002, total potato yields of cv. Superior and cv. Hilite Russet were negatively correlated with P. penetrans densities at harvest. Total yields of potato cv. Superior were increased by 123 and 229% following pearl millet and fumigation, respectively, compared with rye. Total yields of potato cv. Hilite Russet increased by 26 and 17% following pearl millet and fumigation. Grain pearl millet CGPM H-1 reduced P. penetrans densities and improved potato yields in Quebec.

scholarly journals Pearl Millet for the Management of Pratylenchus penetrans in Flue-Cured Tobacco in Quebec

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 989-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Bélair ◽  
Nathalie Dauphinais ◽  
Yvon Fournier ◽  
Om P. Dangi
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Standard Application ◽  
Rotation Crop ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metham Sodium

Two 1-year rotation experiments were conducted from 1998 to 2000 to assess the impact of forage and grain pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) on Pratylenchus penetrans populations in a tobacco field (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Delgold) in Quebec. Performance of these crops was compared with rye, the standard rotation crop. Rye plots were doubled to include a fumigated standard (application of metham sodium at 67.4 liters/ha on a band). Forage pearl millet increased tobacco yields by an average of 103% compared with nonfumigated rye. In 2000, leaf dry weights of tobacco following grain pearl millet CGPM H5 and CGPM H6 was increased by 70 and 73%, respectively, when compared with nonfumigated rye and were not significantly different from the fumigated plots following rye. Forage and grain pearl millet should be considered as a viable alternative to fumigation for controlling P. penetrans infestation in flue-cured tobacco production in Quebec.

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