Variation amongst Canadian six-row spring barley cultivars for germination and emergence characteristics in controlled environments and in the field

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Briggs ◽  
G. J. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Controlled Environments

Information is lacking concerning the extent of variability in Canadian six-row barley cultivars for differences in potential field germination vigour and other germination characteristics, and the extent to which these traits can be predicted from laboratory tests. This study was conducted to evaluate the extent to which a genetically diverse range of Western Canadian six-row barley cultivars differ in germination resistance and early seedling vigour or emergence rate under controlled environments and in the field, over a range of temperature stress conditions. Vigour was assessed by measuring germination rate, emergence rate, and dry weight accumulation in young seedlings, in the growth cabinet and in the field. Cultivars studied were selected to represent a wide range of genetic diversity typical of Canadian breeding programs of the early 1980s. Growth cabinet assays were conducted at six temperatures from 2.5 to 20 °C. Field trials were conducted using the same cultivars seeded at three dates per site in 2 yr, to assess cultivar emergence rates and seedling dry weight accumulation over a range of seedbed temperatures, using two seed sources from cultivar increases each grown in different years.Cultivars differed significantly for germination resistance in the growth cabinet, and the performance of cultivars was relatively consistent across assay temperatures and for the two different seed sources. Differences among cultivars in growth for seedling dry weight were also consistent across temperatures, but cultivar performance for seedling dry weight accumulation was not significantly correlated with germination resistance in the cabinet test. In field trials, days to emergence were highly and significantly correlated with germination resistance determined in the growth cabinet. Germination resistance was less strongly correlated with dry weight accumulation in the field at 5 wk. Across cultivars, seedling dry weight estimates in the field were significantly correlated with seedling dry weights assayed in the growth cabinet. Results from this study confirm that genetic variation in potential germination rate and seedling vigour in the field can be identified in six-row barley using the germination resistance assay in the growth cabinet. Germination resistance identified more cultivar differences than were found for the seedling dry weight accumulation tests, which were characterized by high coefficients of variation and low correlation between growth cabinet and field. Key words: Temperature, field seedling vigour, barley cultivars, prediction tests

Predicting potential field seedling vigour of Canadian six-row barley cultivars

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Briggs ◽  
G. J. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Potential Field ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Seed Sources

Rapid techniques for predicting the field vigour potential of barley seed samples would be very useful for seed-testing laboratories and barley breeders. The objective of this study was to compare two faster laboratory seed-testing methods, tetrazolium chloride reduction (TZ) and carbon dioxide evolution rate (CDE), with the standard, but slow and costly germination resistance (GR) test, for ability to identify cultivar differences in vigour and their relationship to vigour potential in the field. Fifteen six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were used in the study, from two seed sources grown in different years, and four replicate assays of all three tests were conducted in controlled conditions at 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C. Field emergence rate (FDE = days to 75% seedling emergence) was also assessed in replicated plot trials grown at Edmonton and Ellerslie, Alberta in 1997, using the same seed sources. Three seeding dates were used at each site to obtain a range of soil temperatures at planting depth from 4 to 18 °C. Significant differences between cultivars were found for TZ, CDE and GR, but not between seed sources, and little or no interaction of cultivar with assay temperature was found. Cultivar performance was relatively similar when assessed by TZ or CDE, at all temperatures. CDE, TZ and GR results from all temperatures and both seed sources were compared by correlation to FDE results for all six planting events (two field sites × three planting dates). High and significant correlations (r > 0.51; sig., P < 0.05) were found for nearly all comparisons of each of CDE, TZ and GR with FDE. For all comparisons with FDE the average correlation for TZ was 0.68, 0.66 for CDE, and 0.69 for GR, with 10% of all possible correlations exceeding 0.80 (all sig., P < 0.05). These results indicate that all three laboratory tests at any temperature were generally effective predictors of the potential field seedling vigour of different barley cultivars. TZ and CDE appear to be useful alternatives to GR for assessing potential field seedling vigour of barley cultivars, and lend themselves to development of automated laboratory assay procedures, not possible for GR. Key words: Germination prediction tests, barley, field correlation

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PRIMING WITH SILVER FIR AND OREGANO ESSENTIAL OILS ON SEED GERMINATION AND VIGOUR OF SILENE SENDTNERI

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Erna Karalija ◽  
Fatima Pustahija ◽  
Adisa Parić
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Oregano Oil

UDK: 582.661.51:631.53.027]:547.913 In order to investigate the effects of seed priming with silver fir and oregano essential oils on certain important seedling characteristic and seed vigour of interesting endemic and horticultural species Silene sendtneri, an experiment was conducted based on randomized completely design with three replications. Traits such as germination rate, water content, dry weight, vigour index and photosynthetic pigments were analysed. Results revealed that the seedlings obtained with priming seeds showed increased growth, water content, vigour and photosynthetic pigment contents but decreased germination rate and dry weight compared with that obtained with non-primed seeds. Analysis of seed priming effects had demonstrated even germination rate is smaller the seedling vigour is slightly higher especially with all oregano oil treatments. We suggest that oregano oil has a potential as a priming agent for improvement of seedling synchrony, although at lower rate of germination.

Response of winter barley cultivars to nitrogen and a plant growth regulator in relation to lodging

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. White
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Damage Susceptibility

SUMMARYApplications of nitrogen and a plant growth regulator (mepiquat chloride and ethephon) were used to manipulate stem structure and induce differing degrees of damage due to leaning and lodging in six cultivars of winter barley grown in Belfast, UK, in 1986/87. Weighted incidences of leaning and lodging were combined to give an index indicating damage susceptibility of the cultivars. The index was very high (70) in Pipkin and ranged between 1 and 18 in the other cultivars. Differences between cultivars in number of internodes, plant height and stem weight did not explain their differences in resistance to damage. However, dry weight per unit length ranged from 2·35 and 2·34 mg/mm in the strongest cultivars, Panda and Jennifer, respectively, to 1·75 mg/mm in the weakest cultivar, Pipkin.Nitrogen application increased plant height but did not affect dry weight/main stem, so that dry weight/unit length of stem decreased. The growth regulator treatments reduced plant height and although dry weight/stem did not decrease significantly, dry weight/unit length of stem was similar in treated and untreated plots.Dry weight/unit length has potential as an objective indicator of straw strength in winter barley cultivars and could be used in cultivar evaluation in the absence of damage in field trials.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SEVERAL GROWING MEDIA FOR USE IN NITROGEN FIXATION RESEARCH

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1166b-1166
Author(s):  
Stephanie Rademan ◽  
Dyremple Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Gm Plants ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of methodologies, ranging from Leonard jar to growth pouch have been used to investigate the nitrogen fixation process in leguminous crops. The effectiveness of most of these research methods have been questioned. Problems encountered vary from difficulty in root separation to water log conditions. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of different growing media on nodule development and harvestability. Black and Red seed coat kidney bean were surface sterilized and inoculated with the Rhizobium phaseoli strain UMR 1899. Seeds were planted in 8.5 cm diameter sterile clay pots containing the respective growing medium. These growing media were sand, Promix GM, Promix BX, and fritted clay. The black seed coat kidney bean had higher germination rate under all media for all dates recorded. Black kidney bean grown in sand and fritted clay had plant heights significantly greater than ones grown in the other media on the third harvest date. Nodule activities as measured by shoot dry weight and nodule number were significantly higher in both beans grown in fritted clay than in other media. Promix GM plants with dry weight of .45g for the black bean and .32g for the red beans were the lowest. Nodule separation from the growing media was easiest when plants were grown in sand, however, this was not significantly different from that of plants grown in fritted clay.

scholarly journals Substrate moisture and temperature in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh germination

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2375
Author(s):  
Edlânia Maria de Souza ◽  
Edna Ursulino Alves ◽  
Maria Lúcia Maurício da Silva ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues de Araújo ◽  
Maria Das Mercês Serafim dos Santos Neta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Volumes

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh, a member of the Fabaceae, is commonly known as feijão-guandu. It was introduced into Brazil because it readily adapts to local climate conditions and tolerates a wide range of water and mineral nutrient levels. The objective of this study was to determine the substrate temperatures and water volumes that are conducive to feijão-guandu seed germination and seedling vigor. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of the Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil. Seed germination was tested using paper towel rolls moistened with volumes of water equivalent to 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 times the dry mass of the substrate. Variable temperatures in the range of 20 °C to 30 °C and constant temperatures of 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C were used. The experimental design was completely randomized. The variables analyzed were water content, percent germination, first germination count, germination rate index, and seedling root and shoot lengths and dry weights. Increasing the volume of water used to moisten the substrate hindered feijão-guandu germination at all temperatures. It was determined that moistening the substrate with water volumes equivalent to 2.8 and 3.5 times the substrate dry weight at 30 °C and 35 °C, respectively, were the ideal conditions for evaluating feijão-guandu seed germination and seedling vigor.

Variance in flushing among and within stands of seedling white spruce

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard ◽  
C. C. Ying
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Sib Families

Early, rapid tests are required to ascertain the structure of white spruce Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss populations of southeastern Ontario, where valuable but limited seed sources have been located through field trials. As a significant phenological character associated with growth and hardiness, rate of flushing was monitored under controlled environments in six half-sib families from each of four stands of white spruce located in southeastern Ontario. Whereas no significant variation occurred among stands, highly significant differences occurred among families within stands throughout the flushing period. Results are interpreted as a reflection of coadaption of populations to the timing of environmental hazards. A comparison is made with the minor geographic and pronounced annual variations in occurrence of last spring frost.

scholarly journals N2 FIXATION AND COMPETITIVENESS OF Rhizobium phaseoli STRAINS ISOLATED FROM ONTARIO SOILS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACQUELINE C. MOXLEY ◽  
D. J. HUME ◽  
D. L. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
White Bean

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume crop generally considered to be a poor N2 fixer. This experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Rhizobium phaseoli strains in Ontario soils, to determine if inoculation with an indigenous, effective strain could improve N2 fixation or yield, and to determine the competitiveness of inoculant strains by measuring the recovery of applied strains in nodules using serology. One-gram composite soil samples from 36 of 37 farm sites across Ontario caused nodulation on either white bean cultivars Ex Rico 23 or Seafarer, indicating that R. phaseoli was widely distributed. However, ratings of nodulation indicated a wide range of effectiveness. Five selected strains isolated from these soils were compared with five strains from culture collections for effectiveness by using the strains to inoculate Ex Rico 23 or Seafarer grown in sterile, N-free culture in Leonard jars. The best field-isolated strains caused just as much N accumulation as the best strains from culture collections. Strain S1, selected as a consistently good N2 fixer, failed to cause increases in yield when used as an inoculant in field trials at Elora and Mitchell in 1980 and 1981. Inoculation with strain S1 did cause some increases in percent seed protein and nodule dry weight with Ex Rico 23 at Elora in 1980. Three other strains tested in each year failed to show any improvements in yield, seed N, or nodulation in either year. Recovery of inoculant strains ranged from 0 to 31%. At Mitchell in 1981, 100 kg ha−1 of fertilizer N increased yields over all inoculation treatments. Indigenous strains appeared to be only partially effective N2 fixers and inoculant strains generally were poor competitors against strains already present in the soils.Key words: White bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Rhizobium phaseoli, N2 fixation, strain competition

scholarly journals Assisted Migration Field Tests in Canada and Mexico: Lessons, Limitations, and Challenges

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero ◽  
Greg O'Neill ◽  
Sally N. Aitken ◽  
Roberto Lindig-Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Pinus Albicaulis ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abies Religiosa

Assisted migration of forest tree populations through reforestation and restoration is a climate change adaptation strategy under consideration in many jurisdictions. Matching climates in which seed sources evolved with near future climates projected for plantation sites should help reduce maladaptation and increase plantation health and productivity. For threatened tree species, assisted migration outside of the species range could help avert extinction. Here, we examine lessons, limitations, and challenges of assisted migration through the lens of three assisted migration field trials of conifers in Canada and Mexico: Pinus albicaulis Engelm., an endangered subalpine tree species in the mountains of western North America; the Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × P. engelmannii Parry ex Engelm hybrid complex, of great economic and ecological importance in western Canada, and Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham., a tree species that provides overwintering sites for the monarch butterfly. We conclude that: (a) negative impacts of climate change on productivity of Picea glauca × P. engelmannii may be mitigated by planting seed sources from locations that are 3 °C mean coldest month temperature warmer than the plantation; (b) it is possible to establish Pinus albicaulis outside of its current natural distribution at sites that have climates that are within the species’ modelled historic climatic niche, although developing disease-resistant trees through selective breeding is a higher priority in the short term; (c) Abies religiosa performs well when moved 400 m upward in elevation and local shrubs (such as Baccharis conferta Kunth) are used as nurse plants; (d) new assisted migration field trials that contain populations from a wide range of climates tested in multiple disparate climates are needed, despite the costs; and (e) where naturalization of a migrated tree species in recipient ecosystem is viewed as undesirable, the invasive potential of the tree species should be assessed prior to large scale establishment, and stands should be monitored regularly following establishment.

scholarly journals Enhanced Emergence and Seedling Vigor in shrunken-2 Sweet Corn via Seed Disinfection and Solid Matrix Priming

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Parera ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seed Disinfection ◽  
Emergence Percentage

Presowing seed treatments were devised to improve emergence and crop uniformity of two sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars [`Crisp N' Sweet 711' (CNS-711) and `How Sweet It Is' (HSII)] that carry shrunken-2 (sh2) mutant endosperm. The treatments included a fungicide combination, sodium hypochlorite (SH), solid matrix priming (SMP), and SMP combined with SH during treatment (SMPSH). Seed germination was tested in a laboratory cold test. Emergence percentage, emergence rate index (ERI), and seedling dry weight were calculated from field trials. CNS-711, in the cold test and field trials, had a higher germination rate, ERI, final emergence, and seedling dry weight than HSII. In both cultivars, SMPSH significantly improved germination in the cold test and final emergence and ERI in the field trials for HSII compared to nontreated seeds. There was no significant difference between the fungicide and SMPSH treatments regardless of cultivar. These results suggest that the combination of SMP and disinfection with SH can be an alternative seed treatment to fungicides to improve uniformity and stand establishment in sh2 sweet corns.

scholarly journals Growth, Opium Gum Yield, and Photoperiod Response of Five Opium Poppy Accessions

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Wang ◽  
M.C. Acock ◽  
Q. Liu ◽  
B. Acock
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Wide Range

Flowering time, growth, and opium gum yield from five seed sources (T, L, B1, B2, B3) of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) collected from different latitudes in three Southeast Asian countries were determined. Plants were grown in six growth chambers at a 11-, 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, or 16-hour photoperiod with a 12-hour, 25/20 °C thermoperiod. Flower initiation was observed under a dissecting microscope (40×) to determine if time to floral initiation was identical for all accessions across a wide range of photoperiods. The main capsule was lanced for opium gum at 10, 13, and 16 days after flowering (DAF). Plants were harvested at 21 DAF for plant height, leaf area, and organ dry-weight determinations. In a 16-hour photoperiod, flower initiation was observed 10 days after emergence (DAE) for B1 vs. 8 DAE for the other four accessions. Flowering time was affected most by photoperiod in B1 and least in B2. Flowering times for B3, L, and T were similar across the range of photoperiods. B2, B3, and L had the highest gum yields per capsule; even though B1 had the greatest total plant biomass, it produced the lowest gum yield. There was no difference among accessions in the average ratio of gum: individual capsule volume. For the ratio of gum: capsule dry weight, only the difference between T and B1 was significant. Capsule size did affect these ratios slightly. T had a larger gum: volume ratio for larger capsules, and B3 had a smaller gum: dry-weight ratio for heavier capsules. Flowering time varied up to 40%, capsule dry weight up to 41%, and opium gum yield up to 71% for the five accessions across all treatments. No relationship was found between flowering time and the latitude where the seed sources were collected. Time to flower initiation could not be used to predict time to anthesis because floral development rates varied significantly among accessions and photoperiods. Capsule volume and dry weight were useful in estimating gum yield.

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