Distribution of carbohydrate during grainfill in Leafy and normal maize hybrids

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
L. M. Dwyer ◽  
D. W. Stewart ◽  
J.-A. Dugas ◽  
P. Bonn
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Normal Maize ◽  
Key Words Maize ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Sampling Times

The Leafy (Lfy) genotype in corn has extra leaves above the ear in comparison to normal non-leafy genotypes and has been shown to increase yields in some geographical areas. In this study, carbohydrate distribution in three Lfy hybrids (two of which were "staygreen") and a normal check (Pioneer 3790) were analyzed in a short-season area (2800 Crop Heat Units, suitable for 85 day Relative Maturity hybrids). Total sugar and starch were determined at all aboveground levels of leaf and stem on 1 August 1990 and this distribution was used to calculate total canopy carbohydrates in two subsequent years from samplings of leaf and stem at only three or four canopy levels bracketing the ear level. Husk, cob and kernel components were also analyzed at three sampling times during grainfill. Major differences in the 2 yr were observed, but in general there was approximately twice the carbohydrate in the canopy at and above the ear in the Lfy genotypes compared to the check. There was also more carbohydrate in the husk and cob in the Lfy lines, but substantially less carbohydrate below the ear in these lines. Rates of grainfill were generally higher in the Lfy hybrids, but the rate of Lfy hybrid A, the early senescent hybrid, was slower in the cooler growing season. Despite the greater amount of carbohydrate in the Lfy hybrids in comparison to the traditional check, their grain yields were not greatly increased, indicating that the kernel component provided a weak sink. This characteristic is probably associated with the long season and tropical origin of the Lfy germplasm. Key words: Maize, grainfill, leafy, carbohydrate distribution, phenology, sink size

scholarly journals Maize Hybrids: Mega-Environments in Java Island, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noladhi Wicaksana ◽  
Haris Maulana ◽  
Yuyun Yuwariah ◽  
Edy Suryadi ◽  
Jajang Supriatna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Stability Measurement ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Identification of grain yields on stable and high yielding maize hybrids in a wide environment requires high accuracy. There were many stability measurement methods used in multi-environment experiments. However, the relationship between each measurement was still difficult to understand. The objectives of this study were to: 1. identified the effect of growing season, location, hybrids (genotypes), and their interactions (GEIs) on grain yields; 2. determined the relationship between each stability measurement; 3. selected the stable and high yielding maize hybrids in a wide environment; and 4. determined favorable (discriminativeness) locations for testing. The field experiment was conducted at eight locations in Java island, Indonesia during two seasons used a randomized completed block design with three replications. The experimental results showed that the main effects of growing season, location, hybrid, and GEIs, had a significant effect on maize hybrid yields. Stability measurements S(3), S(6), NP(2), NP(3), NP(4), and CVi, belong to the concept of dynamic stability that can be used to selected maize hybrids in favorable environments, while other measurements were classified as in the concept of static stability. Two maize hybrids were successfully selected to have high and stable yields based on numerical and visual measurements, namely SC3 and SC9. The two hybrids can be used as candidates for a sustainable maize development program. GJRS and KARS were the most discriminativeness environments. Both can be used as a favorable environment for selecting the ideal maize hybrid.

CO429 corn inbred line

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
L. M. Reid ◽  
G. McDiarmid ◽  
A. J. Parker ◽  
R. I. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Corn Inbred

CO429 is a short-season corn inbred line with good combining ability, average to superior lodging resistance in hybrids, and excellent emergence and early season vigour. Key words: Corn, maize, Zea mays, cultivar description

scholarly journals The dependence of maize (Zea mays) hybrids yielding potential on the water amounts reaching the soil surface

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Kresovic ◽  
Vesna Dragicevic ◽  
Bosko Gajic ◽  
Angelina Tapanarova ◽  
Borivoj Pejic
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Water Amount

The aim of the present study was to observe the response of maize hybrids under rainfed and irrigation conditions of the soil in order to establish the dependence of yielding potential on the water amounts reaching the soil surface during the growing season. The four-replicate trail was set up according to the randomised complete-block design on chernozem. Pre-watering soil moisture was approximately 70% of field water capacity, and soil moisture was established thermogravimetrically. During the five-year studies, the following differences in yields could be as follows: 12.68 t ha-1 (ZP 341); 12.76 t ha-1 (ZP 434); 13.17 t ha-1 (ZP 578); 14.03 t ha-1 (ZP 684) and 13.75 t ha-1 (ZP 704) under conditions of 440 mm, 440 mm, 424 mm, 457 mm and 466 mm of water, respectively. The hybrid ZP 341, i.e. ZP 578 expressed the highest, i.e. the lowest tolerance in dry relative seasons, respectively. The reduction of the water amount for every 10 mm decreased the yield by 119.4 kg ha-1 (ZP 341), 156.7 kg ha-1 (ZP 434), 172.3 kg ha-1 (ZP 578), 148.9 kg ha-1 (ZP 684) and 151.1 kg ha-1 (ZP 704).

scholarly journals Application of micronutrients and insurance herbicides in corn growing technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
O.Y. Lokot ◽  
E.P. Tymoshenko ◽  
M.M. Selendy
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Key Words Maize

Studies have found that growing maize for grain on light low-humus soils of the left-Bank Polesie of Ukraine wih the use of microelements on the increased background of mineral nutrition provided the best indicators of economic efficiency. It is recommended to sow early- maturing (80 %) and mid-maturing- (20 %) hybrids with FAO 150-250 on the background of mineral fertilizers N120P60K60, applying herbicide MaizeTer power in the 3-5-leaf phase of a crop and fulfil out-off-root spraying crops with complex preparations “Rosaliq Aquatic” or ” Germ corn “. Key words: maize, insured herbicides, micro-fertilizers, early-maturing, mid-maturing, hybrids.

Selecting for earliness and yield in sorghum at different sites

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Plett ◽  
L. A. Nelson ◽  
M. D. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Selection Of

Feasibility of selection of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines in a long–season environment for early maturity and yield was studied. Fifty-seven male lines from three different origins and F1 progenies produced by crossing the lines to three early-maturing female lines were used for these evaluations. Lines selected for yield had highest yield in a long-season environment but showed no yield advantage in short-season areas. There were lines from all three origins which should be useful in the locations tested. Selection for earliness and yield appeared feasible in a long season area. Key words: Heritability, correlation

MEASUREMENT OF EVAPORATION FROM SOIL BENEATH CROP CANOPIES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Crop Cover ◽  
Intact Soil Core ◽  
Intact Soil

Evaporation rates beneath maize canopies were measured using an intact soil core technique. Early in the growing season evaporation rates were periodically high (4.0 mm∙day−1) following rain, but declined rapidly. At full crop cover, when energy supply normally limits evaporation, significant differences in evaporation were detected between canopies with leaf area indices of 3.0 and 4.0. Key words: Evaporation measurement, energy supply, Zea mays L., leaf area, soil evaporimeter, lysimeter

Plant population and hybrid considerations for dryland corn production on drought-susceptible soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Miller ◽  
B. L. Vasilas ◽  
R. W. Taylor ◽  
T. A. Evans ◽  
C. M. Gempesaw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seasonal Precipitation ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Key Words Maize ◽  
Short Season

Selection of a target population for dryland corn (Zea mays) production on drought-susceptible soils is a difficult decision, as a stand appropriate for drought conditions may not fully utilize the environment during a non-stress year. One possible management strategy is to use a low seeding rate and hybrids with ear characteristics that promote yield stability over a range of environments and plant populations. To evaluate this strategy, a 2-yr field study was conducted on a Rumford loamy sand. The performance of four hybrids — 1) full season, flexible ear; 2) short season, flexible ear; 3) full season, prolific; and 4) short season, prolific — was evaluated at four populations — 29 600, 39 500, 49 400, and 59 300 plants ha−1 — in two different growing seasons. Seasonal precipitation in 1988 was 14 cm below the average of 50 cm; 1989 seasonal precipitation was 37 cm above average. Average grain yields were 40% lower in 1988 than in 1989, and the yield loss was due primarily to a decrease in ear size. All hybrids demonstrated the ability to compensate for changes in population in 1988. Averaged across years, highest yields were produced with the two highest populations. The full-season, prolific hybrid was the most productive at every population. Key words: Maize, Zea mays, genotype × environment interactions, plant population, prolificacy, ear size

Estimating the water use efficiency of spring barley using crop models

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pohanková ◽  
P. Hlavinka ◽  
M. Orság ◽  
J. Takáč ◽  
K. C. Kersebaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractIn the current study, simulations by five crop models (WOFOST, CERES-Barley, HERMES, DAISY and AQUACROP) were compared for 7–12 growing seasons of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) at three sites in the Czech Republic. The aims were to compare how various process-based crop models with different calculation approaches simulate different values of transpiration (Ta) and evapotranspiration (ET) based on the same input data and compare the outputs of these simulations with reference data. From the outputs of each model, the water use efficiency (WUE) from Ta (WUETa) and from actual ET (WUEETa) was calculated for grain yields and above-ground biomass yield. The results of the first part of the study show that the model with the Penman approach for calculating ET simulates lower actual ET (ETa) sums, at an average of 250 mm during the growing season, than other models, which use the Penman–Monteith approach and simulate 330 mm on average during the growing season. In the second part of the current study, WUE reference values in the range 1.9–2.4 kg/m3were calculated for spring barley and grain yield. Values of WUETa/WUEETacalculated from the outputs of individual models for grain yields and above-ground biomass yields ranged from 2.0/1.0 to 5.9/3.8 kg/m3with an average value of 3.2/2.0 kg/m3and from 3.9/2.1 to 10.5/6.8 kg/m3with an average value of 6.5/4.0 kg/m3, respectively. The results confirm that the average values of all models are nearest to actual values.

Evaluation of the level of N supply in maize hybrids at different nutritional levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
A. Ványiné Széles
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stochastic Correlation ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Average Rainfall

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of fertilisation and year on the SPAD value and on the dynamics of the SPAD value during the growing season.The results proved that the SPAD value steadily decreased over the growing season in a dry year, whereas it increased in a year with favourable precipitation. Fertilisation increased the SPAD values significantly (P<0.001). The significantly highest SPAD value, in both dry years and those with average rainfall, was achieved by applying 60 kg N ha −1 fertiliser active ingredient at the 6-leaf stage, and 120 kg N ha −1 at both the 12-leaf stage and the 50% silking stage.The correlation between fertilisation and SPAD values was greatly affected by the year, being closest in 2004 when there was an average precipitation supply, and weakest in 2007, the driest year. The correlation between the factors was weak at the 6-leaf stage, but became stronger as the vegetation period proceeded.As the growing season progressed, the SPAD values decreased in the dry year, but increased in the year with average precipitation supplies. Nutrient uptake was relatively intensive until the 12-leaf stage in the average year. In the dry year, the decrease in the SPAD value was the most intensive at the 50% silking stage.There was no stochastic correlation between the SPAD value measured at the 6-leaf stage and the yield, but the correlation between the two variables became stronger during the vegetation period.

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