Plant population and hybrid considerations for dryland corn production on drought-susceptible soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Miller ◽  
B. L. Vasilas ◽  
R. W. Taylor ◽  
T. A. Evans ◽  
C. M. Gempesaw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seasonal Precipitation ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Key Words Maize ◽  
Short Season

Selection of a target population for dryland corn (Zea mays) production on drought-susceptible soils is a difficult decision, as a stand appropriate for drought conditions may not fully utilize the environment during a non-stress year. One possible management strategy is to use a low seeding rate and hybrids with ear characteristics that promote yield stability over a range of environments and plant populations. To evaluate this strategy, a 2-yr field study was conducted on a Rumford loamy sand. The performance of four hybrids — 1) full season, flexible ear; 2) short season, flexible ear; 3) full season, prolific; and 4) short season, prolific — was evaluated at four populations — 29 600, 39 500, 49 400, and 59 300 plants ha−1 — in two different growing seasons. Seasonal precipitation in 1988 was 14 cm below the average of 50 cm; 1989 seasonal precipitation was 37 cm above average. Average grain yields were 40% lower in 1988 than in 1989, and the yield loss was due primarily to a decrease in ear size. All hybrids demonstrated the ability to compensate for changes in population in 1988. Averaged across years, highest yields were produced with the two highest populations. The full-season, prolific hybrid was the most productive at every population. Key words: Maize, Zea mays, genotype × environment interactions, plant population, prolificacy, ear size

Effects of hybrids, population densities, fertilization and irrigation on grain corn (Zea mays L.) in Quebec

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Liang ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie ◽  
M. Remillard
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Loam Soil

The increase in area for corn production in eastern Canada has stimulated the search for improvements in corn management practices to obtain higher yields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, plant population density, rates of fertilization and irrigation on grain yield. A field experiment was conducted on a Chicot sandy clay loam soil in Quebec from 1984 to 1986. Corn attained grain yields of 10.9–15.2 Mg ha−1. These yields were attained only when all management inputs were at optimum levels. No single hybrid was superior over the 3-yr-period. High plant population densities, if not accompanied by other inputs, decreased yields. In moist, cooler years, effects of management factors were reduced, and only high plant population densities seemed to increase production. High rates of fertilization increased yields only when other management levels were high.Key words: Population density, irrigation, fertilization, hybrid, Zea mays, grain

scholarly journals Row Orientation and Seeding Rate on Yield, Grade, and Stem Rot Incidence of Peanut with Subsurface Drip Irrigation1

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Sorensen ◽  
L. E. Sconyers ◽  
M. C. Lamb ◽  
D. A. Sternitzke
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Daily Evapotranspiration ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Abstract A 2-yr study was conducted on a Tifton loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults) soil near Sasser, GA during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons to determine the effects of three plant row orientations (single, twin, and multi-row) and two plant populations on the pod yield, market grade, and stem rot disease incidence of peanut when irrigated with subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). Seeds were planted at the recommended rate [20 seeds/m; 1.0R (recommended rate)] and half the recommended rate (10 seeds/m; 0.5R). Plots were irrigated daily to replace estimated daily evapotranspiration (ETa). Twin row orientation had the highest pod yield with 5407 kg/ha compared with the other row orientations, which averaged 4897 kg/ha. Market grade (total sound mature kernels, TSMK) for the twin and diamond row orientation was 1% point higher (74.7%) compared with the single row orientation. Pod yield was 8.5% greater for the 1.0R seeding rate compared with the 0.5R seeding rate. Stem rot incidence was highest in the single row orientation and lowest in the diamond row orientation. Within the three row orientations, kernel size distribution characteristics showed jumbo kernels had mixed percentages, with medium and ones showing no differences. The 1.0R plant population did have 4.4 % more jumbo kernels than the 0.5R plant population. This study indicates that twin row orientation and planted at the recommended rate (1.0R) had the best pod yield and market grade compared with single row orientation when irrigated with SDI.

PENGARUH POPULASI TANAMAN DAN PENGGUNAAN MULSA TERHADAP POPULASI GULMA DAN HASIL PUCIL JAGUNG MANIS (ZEA MAYS SACCHARATA STURT) DI LAHAN KERING

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
I Ketut Arsa Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Corn Kernel ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This study was conducted in Balai Benih Induk (BBI) Luwus, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, with the high of place 506m above sea level occurring in March to May 2014. This research used randomized block design arranged per factor, namely population of plants (P) including three steps: P1=80.000 plants per hectare, P2= 100.00 plants per hectare, P3= 120.000 per hectare; and mulch (M) that include: M0= without mulch and without cleaning, M1= without mulch with clean weeding, M2= rice plants straw mulch (5 ton per hectare) and M3= black silver plastic mulch. Eventually, there were 12 combination treatments, each of which was repeated 3 times to obtain 36 land slots. The research indicates that there was no real interaction between the treatment of plant population and mulch usage in all variables observed. The 100.000 plant population per hectare can produce the weight of dry and fresh oven corn kernel without highest cornhusk that was to say 4.79 tons and 0.53 tons or 11.66 % and 20.45% higher compared to 120.000 plant population per hectare. The use of black silver plastic and rice plants straw mulch can produce the weight of fresh and dry oven corn kernel without cornhusk per hectare each of which is 4.69 tons, 4.57 tons, and 0.54 tons, 0.47 tons or 26.76%, 38.46 %, and 23.51 %, 20.51 % higher than without mulch and without clean weeding. Clean weeding treatment can produce the weight of fresh and dry oven corn kernel without cornhusk per hectare with its weight of 4.63 tons and 0.51 tons or 25.35 % and 35.90 % higher than without mulch and cleaning. Clean weeding treatment was not obviously different from mulch treatment. The identification of weed types were 19 kinds of weeds and Cyperus rotundus L. Weeds. They have the highest density and each absolute frequent of 1249.333 stems m-2 and 1.00.

Effects of cereal rye seeding rate on waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) emergence and soybean growth and yield

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Mandy Bish ◽  
Brian Dintelmann ◽  
Eric Oseland ◽  
Jacob Vaughn ◽  
Kevin Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract The evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds has resulted in the necessity to integrate non-chemical control methods with chemicals for effective management in crop production systems. In soybean, control of the pigweed species, particularly herbicide-resistant waterhemp and Palmer amaranth, have become predominant concerns. Cereal rye planted as a winter cover crop can effectively suppress early-season weed emergence in soybean, including waterhemp, when planted at a rate of 123 kg ha−1. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different cereal rye seeding rates (0, 34, 56, 79, 110, and 123 kg ha−1) on early-season waterhemp suppression and soybean growth and yield. Soybean was planted into fall-seeded cereal rye, which was terminated within four days of soybean planting. The experiment was conducted over the 2018, 2019, and 2020 growing seasons in Columbia, Missouri. Effects of cereal rye on early-season waterhemp suppression varied by year and were most consistent at 56 kg ha−1 or higher seeding rates. Linear regression analysis of cereal rye biomass, height, or stand at soybean planting showed inverse relationships with waterhemp emergence. No adverse effects to soybean growth or yield were observed at any of the cereal rye seeding rates relative to plots that lacked cereal rye cover. Result differences among the years suggest that the successfulness of cereal rye on suppression of early-season waterhemp emergence is likely influenced by the amount of waterhemp seed present in the soil seed bank.

HERBICIDES FOR FORAGE CORN NO-TILL SEEDED INTO CEREAL STUBBLE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
J. R. ENMAN
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Forage Yields

Forage corn (Zea mays L.) was grown successfully in Prince Edward Island by no-till planting the corn into standing cereal stubble 15–20 cm tall using a Buffalo no-till seeder. Planting with the slot-type shoe in a preliminary experiment in 1978 gave better forage yields than planting with a slice-type shoe mainly because of better plant population achieved. Subsequent experiments in 1979–1981 using the slot-type shoe to no-till plant corn in cereal stubble gave good forage yields when adequate weed control was provided with herbicide treatment. Best control of quackgrass (Agropyron repens L. Beauv.) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber) and crop yields was achieved with glyphosate + atrazine (1.5 + 2.5 kg a.i./ha) or amitrole + atrazine (3.4 + 2.5 kg a.i./ha) applied preemergence after seeding corn and before corn emergence. Control of quack grass and dandelion with glyphosate or amitrole used alone ranged from 71–80%, but paraquat alone did not provide any weed control. Addition of atrazine to paraquat, glyphosate, or amitrole gave improved control of quackgrass and dandelion and higher forage corn yields. Addition of 2.5 kg a.i./ha atrazine gave better results than use of 1.0 kg a.i./ha of atrazine.Key words: Forage corn, no-till seeding, glyphosate, atrazine, aminotriazole, paraquat

CO429 corn inbred line

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
L. M. Reid ◽  
G. McDiarmid ◽  
A. J. Parker ◽  
R. I. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Corn Inbred

CO429 is a short-season corn inbred line with good combining ability, average to superior lodging resistance in hybrids, and excellent emergence and early season vigour. Key words: Corn, maize, Zea mays, cultivar description

CO463 corn inbred line

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1212-1219
Author(s):  
L.M. Reid ◽  
C. Voloaca ◽  
J. Wu ◽  
T. Woldemariam ◽  
K.K. Jindal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Corn Inbred

CO463 is a short-season corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability with both Iodent and stiff stalk inbred testers, as well as intermediate resistance to common rust, eyespot, common smut, and Fusarium stalk rot.

scholarly journals Mustard Cover Crop Growth and Weed Suppression in Organic, Strawberry Furrows in California

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Brennan ◽  
Richard F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Crop Cover ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Growing Seasons

Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) production in California uses plastic mulch–covered beds that provide many benefits such as moisture conservation and weed control. Unfortunately, the mulch can also cause environmental problems by increasing runoff and soil erosion and reducing groundwater recharge. Planting cover crops in bare furrows between the plastic cover beds can help minimize these problems. Furrow cover cropping was evaluated during two growing seasons in organic strawberries in Salinas, CA, using a mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cover crop planted at two seeding rates (1× and 3×). Mustard was planted in November or December after strawberry transplanting and it resulted in average densities per meter of furrow of 54 and 162 mustard plants for the 1× and 3× rates, respectively. The mustard was mowed in February before it shaded the strawberry plants. Increasing the seeding rate increased mustard shoot biomass and height, and reduced the concentration of P in the mustard shoots. Compared with furrows with no cover crop, cover-cropped furrows reduced weed biomass by 29% and 40% in the 1× and 3× seeding rates, respectively, although weeds still accounted for at least 28% of the furrow biomass in the cover-cropped furrows. These results show that growing mustard cover crops in furrows without irrigating the furrows worked well even during years with relatively minimal precipitation. We conclude that 1) mustard densities of ≈150 plants/m furrow will likely provide the most benefits due to greater biomass production, N scavenging, and weed suppression; 2) mowing was an effective way to kill the mustard; and 3) high seeding rates of mustard alone are insufficient to provide adequate weed suppression in strawberry furrows.

CO455 corn inbred line

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-391
Author(s):  
Lana M. Reid ◽  
Xiaoyang Zhu ◽  
Constantin Voloaca ◽  
Jinhe Wu ◽  
Tsegaye Woldemariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
Short Season ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Corn Inbred

CO455 is a short season stiff stalk-type corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability as well as intermediate resistance to common smut, common rust, eyespot and fusarium stalk rot. Excellent hybrid yields and performance data were achieved when CO455 was combined with Iodent testers such as MBS8148.

Efficacy and Economic Analysis of Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) Management Systems in Corn (Zea mays)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Benjamin G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Studies on the efficacy and economic analysis of Texas panicum management systems in corn were conducted in Georgia on a loamy sand soil in 1987, 1988, and 1989. Management systems that included butylate, EPTC, atrazine plus tridiphane, atrazine plus pendimethalin, atrazine plus trifluralin, paraquat, or ametryn acceptably control Texas panicum. Corn yields were not affected significantly by the Texas panicum management systems. Overall net returns calculated for corn production indicated that systems which included postemergence applications of atrazine, pendimethalin, trifluralin, paraquat, ametryn, or cultivation alone gave the highest net returns. Systems which included butylate, EPTC, or tridiphane frequently had significantly lower net returns.

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