Control of volunteer flax in wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wall ◽  
Marjorie A. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Control Volunteer ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Volunteer flax (Linum usitatissimum) can interfere with harvesting operations in cereals, especially at high flax densities. Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 at Morden and Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate tribenuron and thifensulfuron plus tribenuron (2:1) alone and in mixtures with 2,4-D, quinclorac, flamprop-methyl and fluroxypyr for their ability to control volunteer flax in spring wheat. Volunteer flax cvs. NorLin and CDCTriffid, a transgenic, sulfonylurea-tolerant cultivar, were cross-seeded to plots of spring wheat cv. AC Domain. Herbicides were applied at rates recommended for their use in spring wheat, when wheat was at the three- to four-leaf stage and flax was 5–8 cm tall. When left uncontrolled, volunteer flax reduced wheat yields by up to 27%. Tribenuron and thifensulfuron plus tribenuron (2:1) provided poor control of NorLin flax and almost no control of Triffid flax. Flax density was not reduced, but biomass was reduced to some extent, more for NorLin than for Triffid. The addition of 2,4-D to the tank-mixes of the sulfonylurea herbicides had some effect on flax biomass reduction but results were not consistent. Wheat yields were reduced in three of the five field trials. The other herbicides controlled NorLin and Triffid flax equally well. Quinclorac at 100 and 200 g a.i. ha−1 provided consistently good flax control, generally without yield loss to the wheat crop. Fluroxypyr plus 2,4-D and fluroxypyr plus clopyralid plus MCPA were as effective as quinclorac, but were tested only in 1 yr. Flamprop-methyl reduced flax biomass and provided good control in 1997, but control was poor in 1996 and resulted in wheat yield losses. Recently, quinclorac has been registered for use against volunteer flax in spring wheat. Key words: Volunteer flax, sulfonylurea resistant flax, spring wheat, control, yield loss

Volunteer Barley Interference in Spring Wheat Grown in a Zero-Tillage System

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Jason Cathcart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
The Impact

There is no published information on the impact of volunteer barley on wheat yield loss or on the economics of controlling barley with a herbicide. With the registration of imazamox-resistant wheat, it is now possible to control volunteer barley in wheat. Thus, the likelihood of growing wheat in rotation with barley may increase. Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 at Beaverlodge, Lacombe, and Edmonton, AB, Canada, and Saskatoon, SK, Canada, to determine the impact of volunteer barley on yield of imazamox-resistant spring wheat seeded at relatively low (100 kg ha−1) and high (175 kg ha−1) rates. Barley was seeded at different densities to simulate volunteer barley infestations. Regression analysis indicated that wheat-plant density influenced the effects of volunteer barley interference on wheat yield loss, economic threshold values, and volunteer barley fecundity among locations and years. Economic thresholds varied from as few volunteer barley plants as 3 m−2at Beaverlodge in 2003 and 2004 to 48 m−2at Lacombe in 2003. In most cases, wheat yield loss and volunteer barley fecundity were lower and economic thresholds were higher when wheat was seeded at the higher rate. For example, averaged over both years at Beaverlodge initial slope values (percentage of wheat yield loss at low barley density) were 4.5 and 1.7%, and economic threshold values of volunteer barley plants were 3 m−2and 8 m−2at low and high wheat seeding rates, respectively. Results indicate that volunteer barley can be highly competitive in wheat, but yield losses and wheat seed contamination due to volunteer barley can be alleviated by seeding wheat at a relatively high rate.

scholarly journals Wheat Yield Loss in a Two Species Competition with Emex australis and Emex spinosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. JAVAID ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
H.H. ALI ◽  
M.A. SHAHID ◽  
R.M. BALAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Emex Australis

Emex australis and E. spinosa are significant weed species in wheat and other crops. Information on the extent of competition of the Emex species will be helpful to access yield losses in wheat. Field experiments were conducted to quantify the interference of tested weed densities each as single or mixture of both at 1:1 on their growth and yield, wheat yield components and wheat grain yield losses in two consecutive years. Dry weight of both weed species increased from 3-6 g m-2 with every additional plant of weed, whereas seed number and weight per plant decreased with increasing density of either weed. Both weed species caused considerable decrease in yield components like spike bearing tillers, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight of wheat with increasing density population of the weeds. Based on non-linear hyperbolic regression model equation, maximum yield loss at asymptotic weed density was estimated to be 44 and 62% with E. australis, 56 and 70% with E. spinosa and 63 and 72% with mixture of both species at 1:1 during both year of study, respectively. It was concluded that E. spinosa has more competition effects on wheat crop as compared to E. australis.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Biofertilizers from Ash and Bones—Agronomic Evaluation of Functional Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jastrzebska ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Wieslaw P. Jastrzebski ◽  
Przemyslaw Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Weed Infestation

<p>Renewable raw materials could be a valuable source of phosphorus for plants. The bioavailability of this element can be enhanced by phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria. Suspension biofertilizers have been produced from sewage sludge ash and animal bones and enriched with the bacteria <em>Bacillus megaterium</em>. The functional properties of these preparations were compared in field experiments (northeast Poland, 2014, four replications) on spring wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> ssp. <em>vulgare</em> Mac Key) to conventional fertilizers (superphosphate, phosphorite), ash-water solution (without microorganisms) and a control treatment without P fertilization. The soil type and cultivation regime were adjusted to the requirements of spring wheat in line with good agricultural practice. The effects of biofertilizers on the following were investigated: wheat yield, ear density, number of grains in the ear, the weight of 1000 grains, harvest index, weed infestation, the weight and structure of crop residues, and the pH of soil. Phosphorus biofertilizers from ash and bones equalled commercial fertilizers in terms of their crop-enhancing efficiency. Biofertilizer from ash, and ash diluted with water reduced weed infestation of the growing crop. Biofertilizer from bones resulted in a greater weight of wheat crop residues. Biofertilizers did not change the pH of soil. It is expected that the production of biofertilizers containing recycled phosphorus will be an alternative to its non-renewable resources and will also contribute to effective waste management.</p>

scholarly journals The effect of liquid pig manure on the wheat yield, content and balance of nutrients in light-gray forest soil with light particle-size composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-466
Author(s):  
V. I. Titova ◽  
L. D. Varlamova ◽  
R. N. Rybin ◽  
T. V. Andronova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Light Particle ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Particle Size Composition ◽  
Positive Balance

The research has been carried out under production conditions on light gray forest soils with light particle-size composition at an area of 550 hectares where liquid pig manure (LPM) of a large pig breeding complex is annually used as an organic fertilizer at doses of 60 and 90 t/ha. The average characteristics of LPM are as follows: dry matter content is 9.5%, pH 7.7 units, nitrogen 0.22%, phosphorus 0.11%, and potassium 0.12%. The cultivated grain crops were presented by winter and spring wheat varieties, Moskovskaya 39 and Esther, respectively. It has been established that at the dose of 60 t/ha LPM for two years of research at an average a mean wheat yield was 3.0-3.75 t/ha, and at the dose of 90 t/ha - up to 4.75 t/ha. The return on investments for fertilizers in the “winter wheat → spring wheat” crop rotation link at the dose of 60 t/ha of LPM was 5.41 kg of grain per 1 kg of active substance of manure, at the dose of 90 t/ha - 4.57 kg / kg. A positive balance of nutritional elements developed on all fields, but it was better balanced when the dose of LPM was 60 t/ha and the yield was 3.0 t/ha of grain annually, or when the LPM dose was 90 t/ha and the yield of wheat was 4.75 t/ha. In this case, the estimated potassi-um supply of soil occurs at a lower rate than that of nitrogen and phosphorus. The application of 120 t of LPM during two years in total on loamy sand and of 180 t/ha on light loamy soil provided an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus compounds by 5-22 mg/kg, and potassium - by 11-30 mg/kg with a variation coefficient of 28-57% and 21-49%, respectively.

scholarly journals Spring wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) when applying selenium fertilizers in extreme growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
I I Seregina ◽  
I G Makarskaya ◽  
A S Tsygutkin ◽  
I V Kirichkova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract To study the effect of sodium Selenite application different methods on the yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the conditions of water supply, a series of vegetation experiments in accordance with the methodology were carried out. The object of the study is spring wheat of the Zlata variety (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the effect of selenium on the yield of wheat of the Zlata variety depended on the method of its application and the conditions of water supply. With optimal water supply, the positive effect of selenium on the yield of spring wheat plants was revealed with both methods of applying sodium selenite. It was found that in conditions of drought, the positive effect of selenium was obtained with both methods of using sodium selenite. The greatest efficiency of selenium is obtained in foliar processing of plants. The increase in grain weight in this variant was 1.4 times. The increase in the share of the agronomic significant part of the wheat crop yield to 36% is shown, which indicates the decrease in the negative effect of drought on the formation of spring wheat yield when using foliar processing of plants.

Grain yield and N benefits to sequential wheat and barley crops from single-year alfalfa, berseem and red clover, chickling vetch and lentil

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bullied ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
S. R. Smith, Jr. ◽  
K. C. Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Content

Single-year hay alfalfas (Medicago sativa L.), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and red clovers (Trifolium pratense L.), chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) were evaluated for rotational yield and N benefits to the following first-year wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and second-year barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops. Field experiments were initiated in 1997 and 1998 on a Riverdale silty clay soil at Winnipeg, Manitoba. Yield and N content of the following wheat crop were increased following legumes compared to wheat following a canola control. Wheat yield and N content averaged 2955 kg ha–1 and 76.1 kg ha–1, respectively, following the chickling vetch and lentil, 2456 kg ha–1 and 56.4 kg ha–1 following single-year hay legumes, compared with 1706 kg ha–1 and 37.9 kg ha–1 following canola. Non-dormant alfalfas (dormancy rating of eight or greater) contributed to larger grain yields than the dormant alfalfas only in the first year of each experiment. The chickling vetch and lentil provided similar or higher subsequent crop yields and N content for 2 yr compared to a canola control or fallow treatment. This study shows that some increase in yield can be achieved by using a single-year alfalfa hay crop instead of fallow; however, exclusive green manuring of chickling vetch and lentil crops can produce the most increase in yield and N uptake in subsequent crops. Key words: Alfalfa (single-year), legumes (annual), green manure, nitrogen, cropping system

Effects of summer and winter annual scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Mérat) interference on spring wheat yield

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Douglas ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
G. G. Bowes ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Loss Parameter ◽  
Winter Annuals ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Experimental Plots

The influence of summer and winter annual scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Mérat) on the yield of spring wheat in Saskatchewan was determined. In experimental plots, spring wheat was seeded into barley stubble where summer and winter annual scentless chamomile had been established. A rectangular hyperbolic model was used to describe the relationship between wheat yield and the density of flowering scentless chamomile plants. Winter annuals caused more yield reduction than did summer annuals. Weather conditions appeared to have an influence on the effect of scentless chamomile on spring wheat yield. The same model was fitted to sample data from farmers' fields and showed yield losses similar to those on the experimental plots. The rectangular hyperbolic model fitted the data best when high weed densities occurred. At densities more typical of those found in farm fields, the asymptotic yield loss parameter of the model was poorly estimated. Key words: Scentless chamomile, Matricaria perforata, yield loss, weed competition, rectangular hyperbola, spring wheat

FATE OF N APPLIED AS GREEN MANURE OR AMMONIUM FERTILIZER TO SOIL SUBSEQUENTLY CROPPED WITH SPRING WHEAT AT THREE SITES IN WESTERN CANADA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. JANZEN ◽  
J. B. BOLE ◽  
V. O. BIEDERBECK ◽  
A. E. SLINKARD
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Annual Legumes

There is growing interest in the use of annual legumes as green manure crops to replace conventional summerfallow in the spring wheat production systems of western Canada. A series of field experiments was established at three sites in western Canada (Lethbridge, Swift Current, and Saskatoon) in each of two seasons to quantify the N contribution of green manure to subsequent crops and organic matter reserves. 15N-labelled plant material from two annual legume species [Tangier flatpea (Lathyrus tingitanus 'Tinga') and lentil (Lens culinaris 'Indianhead')], as well as 15N-labelled ammonium sulfate, was applied to field microplots in midsummer. The following spring, an additional ammonium sulfate treatment was established and all plots were seeded to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum 'Leader' or 'Katepwa'). On average, the wheat crop recovered 14% of the green manure N compared with 36% of the fertilizer N. Conversely, the relative contribution of the green manure to the organic N pool in the surface soil layer was approximately twice that of inorganic fertilizer. This residual organic N was relatively recalcitrant to further mineralization, as was evident from minimal uptake of applied N in the second year after application. These results suggest that annual legumes can be a significant source of N to subsequent crops in the rotation, provided that N yields are sufficient. The primary advantage of green manure production, however, may be the long-term replenishment of stable organic N reserves in the soil. Key words: N mineralization, organic matter, 15N, annual legumes, green manure, lentil, pea

scholarly journals The effect of climatic factors on production of spring wheat quantity to quality ratio in southern Finland

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Peltonen ◽  
Tuomo Karvonen ◽  
Erkki Kivi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dry Conditions

Interrelationships between climatic factors and spring wheat yield and quality were examined with 21 years field experiments. The formation of gluten was less at dry conditions (total precipitation under 50 mm) and total precipitation exceeded 130—140 mm. The optimum daily temperature for gluten production was some 15—17°C during grain filling. The gluten content decreased if daily minimum and maximum temperatures exceeded 11—12°C and 21—22°C, respectively. The effect of temperature and rainfall were not, however, significant in early maturing varieties. The climatic factors and grain yield did not correlate. Grain yield and protein yield had strong positive relationship, which was perhaps a consequence of supply and utilization of nitrogen. It is concluded that climatic factors affecting yield to quality ration in wheat may be excessive rains before heading and high temperature during grain filling. Interaction between weather and nitrogen are discussed to optimize correct timing of nitrogen fertilization for amount and quality of economic wheat yield.

scholarly journals The role of diatomite as a detoxifying agent in soil contamination with copper

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 08023
Author(s):  
Alevtina Kulikova ◽  
Vitaly Isaichev ◽  
Andrey Kozlov ◽  
Olga Tsapovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Hcl Solution ◽  
Detoxifying Agent

The article presents the results of studying the toxic levels of mobile copper in typical chernozem by doing model field experiments with artificial soil contamination with copper sulfate at a level of 2 MPC Cu, 4 MPC Cu and 10 MPC Cu. It was shown that this increased the content of mobile copper from 1.4 (2 MPC Cu) to 2.0 times (10 MPC Cu) when copper was extracted from the soil, respectively, with an acetate-ammonium buffer solution of pH 4.8 and 1n HCl solution. The latter was accompanied by the loss of almost a third of the spring wheat yield (29%) and an increase in the entry of the element into produce (grain). The application of diatomite to the soil (dose 5 t / ha) as a detoxifying agent contributed to a decrease in the level of copper in the spring wheat produce by 8 (2 MPC Cu) and 35 (10 MPC Cu)%.

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