Weed seed return as influenced by the critical weed-free period in corn (Zea mays L.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
Kevin Chandler ◽  
Anil Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Weed Population Dynamics ◽  
Total Seed

Seed return from later emerging weeds is a concern in weed management systems based on critical periods of control. A study in Ontario found that estimated weed seed return to the soil surface was influenced by the duration of weed control in corn and the prevailing environmental conditions. Weeds emerging after the 8- to 11-leaf stage of corn growth did not cause an increase in total seed number compared to the residual seed bank in the weed-free control. Key words: Seedbank, weed population dynamics, integrated weed management

Weed seed return as influenced by the critical weed-free period and row spacing of no-till glyphosate-resistant soybean

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Chandler, Anil Shrestha, and Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Population Dynamics ◽  
Glycine Max L

Seed return from later-emerging weeds is a concern in soybean management systems based on critical periods for weed control. This study in Ontario estimated the weed seed return to the soil surface as influenced by the duration of weed control in soybean and soybean row spacing. Weeds emerging after the 1- to 2-trifoliate stage of soybean development did not increase the weed seedbank population compared to the residual population in the weed-free control. Weed seed return was greater in 76 cm than in 38 cm or 19 cm (twin rows) soybean row spacings. Key words: Seedbank, weed population dynamics, integrated weed management, glyphosate-resistant soybean, [Glycine max (L.) Merr].

scholarly journals Defining Integrated Weed Management: A Novel Conceptual Framework for Models

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Jonathan Storkey ◽  
Joseph Helps ◽  
Richard Hull ◽  
Alice E. Milne ◽  
Helen Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Weed Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Dynamics Models ◽  
Dynamics Models

Weed population dynamics models are an important tool for predicting the outcome of alternative Integrated Weed Management (IWM) scenarios. The growing problem of herbicide resistance has increased the urgency for these tools in the design of sustainable IWM solutions. We developed a conceptual framework for defining IWM as a standardised input template to allow output from different models to be compared and to design IWM scenarios. The framework could also be used as a quantitative metric to determine whether more diverse systems are more sustainable and less vulnerable to herbicide resistance using empirical data. Using the logic of object-oriented programming, we defined four classes of weed management options based on the stage in the weed life cycle that they impact and processes that mediate their effects. Objects in the same class share a common set of properties that determine their behaviour in weed population dynamics models. Any weed control “event” in a system is associated with an object, meaning alternative management scenarios can be built by systematically adding events to a model either to compare existing systems or design novel approaches. Our framework is designed to be generic, allowing IWM systems from different cropping systems and countries to be compared.

Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Robert G. Hartzler ◽  
Frank Forcella
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Practices

The species composition and density of weed seed in the soil vary greatly and are closely linked to the cropping history of the land. Altering tillage practices changes weed seed depth in the soil, which plays a role in weed species shifts and affects efficacy of control practices. Crop rotation and weed control practices also affect the weed seedbank. Information on the influence of cropping practices on the weed seedbank should be a useful tool for integrated weed management. Decision aid models use information on the weed seedbank to estimate weed populations, crop yield loss, and recommend weed control tactics. Understanding the light requirements of weed seed may provide new approaches to weed management. Improving and applying our understanding of weed seedbank dynamics is essential to developing improved weed management systems. The principles of plant ecology must be integrated with the science of weed management to develop strategies that take advantage of basic plant responses in weed management systems for agronomic crops.

Integrated Weed Management Systems for Irrigated Corn (Zea mays) Production in Colorado—A Case Study

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Vangessel ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Donald W. Lybecker ◽  
Philip Westra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Management Tactics

Cooperative research was initiated by a multidisciplinary team of weed scientists and agricultural economists in 1975 that laid the foundation for integrated weed management research in Colorado. Colorado's integrated weed management research has four phases: weed seed bank decline, systems approach to weed management, bioeconomic modeling, and multiple weed management tactics. Each phase considered weed seed bank, weed control efficacy, weed control costs, crop yield, and gross margin. All four phases emphasize the need for a weed management system that minimizes seed production in situations where a high soil weed seed bank exists. However, once the weed seed bank is reduced, a weed management program with less than 100% weed control can be employed without increasing the seed bank. Intensive weed management systems are seldom justified when economics, weed control, and weed seed bank are considered. Integrated weed management approaches require integrating crop and weed biology with management tactics. Integrated weed management requires advanced managerial skills and often more time than traditional approaches.

Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) as Affected by Till-Plant Systems and Herbicides

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Robert L. Zimdahl ◽  
Rome H. Mickelson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
The Impact

The impact of three till-plant and two weed management systems on weed seed reserves of soil, yearly weed problems, and corn production was assessed under center-pivot irrigation for 3 consecutive years. Annual weeds were controlled in disced, bedded, and strip rotary till-plant systems with a moderate or intensive level of herbicides. Weed seed of seven annual weed species were identified, with common lambsquarters and stinkgrass, comprising 45 and 41%, respectively, of the initial 305 million seed/ha in the upper 25 cm of the soil profile. After the third cropping year, overall decline in total seed number in soil was 45% when averaged over till-plant and weed management systems. Grain yields did not differ between weed management systems, but the disced till-plant system produced 16% less grain than the bedded and strip rotary till-plant systems over 2 yr.

scholarly journals Seedbank persistence of four summer grass weed species in the northeast cropping region of Australia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262288
Author(s):  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan ◽  
Sudheesh Manalil
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Persistence ◽  
No Till ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Grass Weed

Summer grass weed species are a particular problem in the northeast cropping region of Australia because they are prolific seeders and favor no-till systems. Information on weed seed persistence levels can be used for the development of effective and sustainable integrated weed management programs. A field study was conducted over 42 months to evaluate the seedbank persistence of Chloris truncata, C. virgata, Dactyloctenium radulans, and Urochloa panicoides as affected by burial depth (0, 2, and 10 cm). Regardless of species, buried seeds persisted longer than surface seeds and there was no difference in seed persistence between 2 and 10 cm depths. Surface seeds of C. truncata depleted completely in 12 months and buried seeds in 24 months. Similarly, C. virgata seeds placed on the soil surface depleted in 12 months. Buried seeds of this species took 18 months to completely deplete, suggesting that C. truncata seeds persist longer than C. virgata seeds. Surface seeds of D. radulans took 36 months to completely deplete, whereas about 7% of buried seeds were still viable at 42 months. U. panicoides took 24 and 42 months to completely exhaust the surface and buried seeds, respectively. These results suggest that leaving seeds on the soil surface will result in a more rapid depletion of the seedbank. Information on seed persistence will help to manage these weeds using strategic tillage operations.

Weed Seed Population Dynamics During Six Years of Weed Management Systems in Crop Rotations on Irrigated Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Menges
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Seed Population ◽  
Amaranth Seed ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Herbicide Use

The influence of two weed management systems was determined on weed seed and seedling populations and on yields of cantaloupe (Cucumis meloL. var.reticulatusNaudin ‘Perlita′), bell pepper (Capsicum annuumL. var.grossum‘Grande Rio 66′), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘CP 3374′), onion (Allium cepaL. ‘1015Y′), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea, var.capitataL. 'Sanibel′) sequentially grown in two 3-yr cycles. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats. # AMAPA) did not exist initially, but hurricane-introduced seed populations increased to 1.1 billion/ha as seed populations of common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL. # POROL) decreased from 786 million/ha to 124 million/ha in the 6-yr period, without weeding or herbicide. Use of herbicides and handweeding reduced Palmer amaranth seed populations 98%, but 18 million/ha still remained after 6 yr. The use of herbicides and Palmer amaranth interference decreased the seed populations of common purslane by 84%, but handweeding was inefficient. Yields of all but the first crop of cantalouple were almost totally eliminated by season-long interference of Palmer amaranth. Savings with the utilization of herbicides rather than handweeding ranged from $62/ha for cotton to $4703/ha for bell pepper.

scholarly journals Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Response to Herbicides of Triquetrous Murdannia (Murdannia triquetra) in Rice

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
Yongliang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Dark Regime

Triquetrous murdannia is an annual weed commonly found in rice fields in China. Laboratory and screenhouse experiments were carried out to determine the effect of light, temperature, osmotic and salt stress, seed burial depth, amount of rice residue, and depth of flooding on seed germination and seedling emergence of triquetrous murdannia and to evaluate the response of this weed to commonly available POST herbicides in China. Germination was greater than 93% under a wide day/night temperature range of 20/10 to 30/20 C in the light/dark regime. The time to onset of germination decreased as temperature increased. Germination was slightly stimulated when seeds were placed in light/dark conditions compared with seeds placed in the dark. The osmotic potential and NaCl concentration required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination were −0.5 MPa and 122 mM, respectively. The highest germination (68%) was observed from seeds sown on the soil surface, but decreased with increasing burial depth. Only 7% of seedlings emerged from a depth of 4 cm, and no seedlings emerged from seeds buried deeper than 6 cm. Seedling emergence decreased from 93 to 35% with increasing quantity of rice residue (1 to 6 103kg ha−1) applied on the soil surface. Seedling emergence was reduced by 40, 48, 64, and 70% at flooding depths of 1, 2, 4, and 6 cm, respectively, for the seeds sown on the soil surface. Fluroxypyr and MCPA herbicides provided 100% control of triquetrous murdannia at the 2- to 6-leaf stages; however, to achieve 100% control with bispyribac-sodium, MCPA+bentazone or MCPA+fluroxypyr, herbicides had to be applied by the 4-leaf stage. The results of this study could help in developing more sustainable and effective integrated weed management strategies for the control of triquetrous murdannia in rice fields in China.

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