Weed seed return as influenced by the critical weed-free period and row spacing of no-till glyphosate-resistant soybean

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Chandler, Anil Shrestha, and Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Population Dynamics ◽  
Glycine Max L

Seed return from later-emerging weeds is a concern in soybean management systems based on critical periods for weed control. This study in Ontario estimated the weed seed return to the soil surface as influenced by the duration of weed control in soybean and soybean row spacing. Weeds emerging after the 1- to 2-trifoliate stage of soybean development did not increase the weed seedbank population compared to the residual population in the weed-free control. Weed seed return was greater in 76 cm than in 38 cm or 19 cm (twin rows) soybean row spacings. Key words: Seedbank, weed population dynamics, integrated weed management, glyphosate-resistant soybean, [Glycine max (L.) Merr].

Weed seed return as influenced by the critical weed-free period in corn (Zea mays L.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
Kevin Chandler ◽  
Anil Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Weed Population Dynamics ◽  
Total Seed

Seed return from later emerging weeds is a concern in weed management systems based on critical periods of control. A study in Ontario found that estimated weed seed return to the soil surface was influenced by the duration of weed control in corn and the prevailing environmental conditions. Weeds emerging after the 8- to 11-leaf stage of corn growth did not cause an increase in total seed number compared to the residual seed bank in the weed-free control. Key words: Seedbank, weed population dynamics, integrated weed management

scholarly journals Seedbank persistence of four summer grass weed species in the northeast cropping region of Australia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262288
Author(s):  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan ◽  
Sudheesh Manalil
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Persistence ◽  
No Till ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Grass Weed

Summer grass weed species are a particular problem in the northeast cropping region of Australia because they are prolific seeders and favor no-till systems. Information on weed seed persistence levels can be used for the development of effective and sustainable integrated weed management programs. A field study was conducted over 42 months to evaluate the seedbank persistence of Chloris truncata, C. virgata, Dactyloctenium radulans, and Urochloa panicoides as affected by burial depth (0, 2, and 10 cm). Regardless of species, buried seeds persisted longer than surface seeds and there was no difference in seed persistence between 2 and 10 cm depths. Surface seeds of C. truncata depleted completely in 12 months and buried seeds in 24 months. Similarly, C. virgata seeds placed on the soil surface depleted in 12 months. Buried seeds of this species took 18 months to completely deplete, suggesting that C. truncata seeds persist longer than C. virgata seeds. Surface seeds of D. radulans took 36 months to completely deplete, whereas about 7% of buried seeds were still viable at 42 months. U. panicoides took 24 and 42 months to completely exhaust the surface and buried seeds, respectively. These results suggest that leaving seeds on the soil surface will result in a more rapid depletion of the seedbank. Information on seed persistence will help to manage these weeds using strategic tillage operations.

scholarly journals No-till Vegetable Production—Its Time is Now

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Minimum Disturbance

Advantages of no-till (NT) production systems are acknowledged throughout the world. During the 1990s, production of NT vegetable crops has increased for both direct seeded and transplanted crops. Increased interest in reduced-tillage systems among research workers and vegetable growers is attributed to: 1) development and commercialization of NT transplanters and seeders, 2) advancements in the technology and practice of producing and managing high-residue cover crop mulches, and 3) improvements and acceptance of integrated weed management techniques. Results from research experiments and grower's fields over the years has shown that success with NT transplanted crops is highly dependent on achieving key production objectives, including: 1) production of dense, uniformly distributed cover crops; 2) skillful management of cover crops before transplanting, leaving a heavy, uniformly distributed killed mulch cover over the soil surface; 3) establishment of transplants into cover crops with minimum disturbance of surface residues and surface soil; and 4) adoption of year-round weed control strategies.

scholarly journals ​Effect of Integrated Weed Management on Weed and Yield of Direct Seeded Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryakanta Kashyap ◽  
V.P. Singh ◽  
S.K. Guru ◽  
Tej Pratap ◽  
S.P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The Impact

Background: Weeds are the major threat to direct seeded rice and a single strategy of weed control may not be effective for season-long weed control. Intending to accomplish the long-term and sustainable weed management of direct seeded rice, the integration approach of weed management strategies seems a better alternative. The current field study was aimed to evaluate the impact of integration of different weed control methods on direct seeded rice under irrigated ecosystem on weed growth and rice yield. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and twelve treatments during 2017 at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The twelve treatments included the combination of cultural, mechanical, physical and chemical weed management methods. Result: Combination of stale seedbed technique integrated with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin with mechanical weeding at 25 DAS followed by 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS, Sesbania (line sowing) fb application of pendimethalin (PE) fb 1 mechanical weeding at 25 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS, stale seedbed with application of pendimethalin (PE) with Sesbania brown manuring supplemented with mechanical weeding (25 DAS) fb hand weeding at 45 DAS, mulching with wheat straw mulch along with post-emergence application of penoxsulam (20 DAS) fb 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS and application of pendimethalin (PE) fb penoxsulum (PoE) at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS with a row spacing of 25 cm found to be similar in the suppression of weed population and weed density at 40 and 60 DAS and crop yields (4.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.0 and 4.2 t/ha, respectively) were on par with weed free plot i.e. 4.4t/ha. Application of pendimethalin (PE) fb penoxsulum (PoE) at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS with row spacing of 25cm recorded 93.7%, 90.6% and 4.5% weed control efficiency, weed control index and weed index respectively, which was similar with above integrated weed management treatments. A negative correlation of the weed density and dry matter with the yield of rice was recorded.

Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Robert G. Hartzler ◽  
Frank Forcella
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Practices

The species composition and density of weed seed in the soil vary greatly and are closely linked to the cropping history of the land. Altering tillage practices changes weed seed depth in the soil, which plays a role in weed species shifts and affects efficacy of control practices. Crop rotation and weed control practices also affect the weed seedbank. Information on the influence of cropping practices on the weed seedbank should be a useful tool for integrated weed management. Decision aid models use information on the weed seedbank to estimate weed populations, crop yield loss, and recommend weed control tactics. Understanding the light requirements of weed seed may provide new approaches to weed management. Improving and applying our understanding of weed seedbank dynamics is essential to developing improved weed management systems. The principles of plant ecology must be integrated with the science of weed management to develop strategies that take advantage of basic plant responses in weed management systems for agronomic crops.

scholarly journals Modelling the Effect and Variability of Integrated Weed Management of Phalaris minor in Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in Northern India

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2331
Author(s):  
Chun Liu ◽  
Makhan Singh Bhullar ◽  
Tarundeep Kaur ◽  
Jitendra Kumar ◽  
Sriyapu Reddy Sreekanth Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures

Phalaris minor Retz. (littleseed canarygrass) is the most problematic and herbicide-resistant weed in the rice-wheat cropping system in India. As such, it poses a severe threat to wheat yield and food security. A number of herbicidal and agronomic practices have been identified for the effective control of P. minor. These include crop rotation, crop establishment methods, herbicide spray technology, sowing time, weed seed harvest and effective herbicide mixtures. A population model of P. minor was built based on the life cycle of the species, herbicide resistance mechanisms and the effects of weed control practices. The model simulated the interactions of these factors and provided the best management recommendations for sustainably controlling this noxious weed species. Model results indicate that integration of chemical and non-chemical control methods was the most effective and sustainable strategy. For example, the integration of a happy seeder (a tractor-mounted mulching and sowing machine) with an effective post-emergence herbicide reduced the probability of weed control failure by 32% compared to the scenario with a rotavator and the same herbicide. Similarly, more conventional crop establishment methods such as a rotavator and conventional tillage could be accompanied by pre- or post-emergence applications of herbicide mixtures. Adoption of good herbicide spray technology and weed seed harvest delayed the onset of resistance evolution by up to four years. Furthermore, effective crop rotation such as the inclusion of sugarcane in place of rice in the summer season reduced the risk of resistance evolution by 31% within the 10 year simulation period. In addition to the scenarios using representative parameter values, the variability of model predictions was investigated based on some field experiments. The model provided a powerful tool for promoting Integrated Weed Management and the sustainable use of herbicides. Pragmatic ways of dealing with uncertainty in model prediction are discussed.

scholarly journals Integrated Weed Management for Maize Crop in Croatia

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko SVEČNJAK ◽  
Klara BARIĆ ◽  
Dubravko MAĆEŠIĆ ◽  
Boris DURALIJA ◽  
Jerko GUNJAČA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Concern about the effects of herbicides on the environment is the main stimulus to reduce their use in maize (Zea mays L.). Field research was conducted over two years to evaluate the efficacy of integrated weed management combining two seedbed practices at planting (no-till vs. tilled seedbeds), mechanical (0-3 inter-row cultivations) and chemical (none, band- and broadcast applied herbicide) methods on maize grain yield. Although seedbed practice had no effect on crop emergence, tilled seedbeds tended to produce larger grain yield than no-till seedbeds because of better control of early germinating weeds. Consequently, grain yield in no-till seedbeds consistently increased with each cultivation up to three passes because of improved weed control. However, the largest yield in tilled seedbeds occurred with two cultivations and then slightly decreased following third cultivation pass. Band herbicide application (50 % reduction in herbicide use compared to broadcast application) resulted in higher yield than one cultivation alone, whereas opposite responses occurred after multiple cultivation passes. Grain yield responded positively to one and two cultivation passes even when weeds were controlled by pre-emergence chemical method. Our findings indicated that banded herbicide application provided effective weed control in maize crop when complemented with two inter-row cultivations regardless of the method of seedbed preparation; thus making a viable option for Croatian farmers to lower herbicide load on the environment.

Integrated Weed Management Systems for Irrigated Corn (Zea mays) Production in Colorado—A Case Study

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Vangessel ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Donald W. Lybecker ◽  
Philip Westra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Management Tactics

Cooperative research was initiated by a multidisciplinary team of weed scientists and agricultural economists in 1975 that laid the foundation for integrated weed management research in Colorado. Colorado's integrated weed management research has four phases: weed seed bank decline, systems approach to weed management, bioeconomic modeling, and multiple weed management tactics. Each phase considered weed seed bank, weed control efficacy, weed control costs, crop yield, and gross margin. All four phases emphasize the need for a weed management system that minimizes seed production in situations where a high soil weed seed bank exists. However, once the weed seed bank is reduced, a weed management program with less than 100% weed control can be employed without increasing the seed bank. Intensive weed management systems are seldom justified when economics, weed control, and weed seed bank are considered. Integrated weed management approaches require integrating crop and weed biology with management tactics. Integrated weed management requires advanced managerial skills and often more time than traditional approaches.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Cotton: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sathishkumar ◽  
G. Srinivasan ◽  
E. Subramanian ◽  
P. Rajesh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Research Accomplishment

Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops in India. Cotton growth is very slow in the initial stages of its life cycle and row spacing is wider which provides ample space for the growth of different categories of weeds and thus become a source of competition for water as well as nutrients, thereby impeding its growth. Weeds are major constraints that reduce the crop yields since they compete with crop for the nutrients, moisture, light and space. The integration of different weed management practices would be a viable option for broad spectrum weed control and enhancement of cotton productivity. Thus, weed management has several aspects such as physical, mechanical, cultural, chemical and integrated weed management methods. A brief review of research accomplishment made at various places on different fields related to this investigation is reviewed in this paper.

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