Effect of imazethapyr and imazamox soil residues on several vegetable crops grown in Ontario

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O'Sullivan ◽  
R. J. Thomas ◽  
W. J. Bouw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides

Use of imidazolinone herbicides has often resulted in carryover effects on sensitive rotational crops. The effect of soil residues of imazethapyr and imazamox on several vegetable crops grown in rotation with soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) was investigated over a 5-yr period in southern Ontario. Imazethapyr at 0, 100 and 200 g a.i. ha–1 was applied preemergence to soybean from 1991 to 1993. Imazethapyr at 0 and 100 g a.i. ha−1 and imazamox at 35 g a.i. ha−1 was applied postemergence to soybean in 1994 and 1995. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were planted each spring, 1 and 2 yr following preemergence imazethapyr application and 1 yr following postemergence imazethapyr and imazamox application. Potato and sweet corn showed visual injury symptoms 1 yr after preemergence imazethapyr application in 2 of 3 yr while cabbage, tomato and cucumber showed visual injury symptoms all 3 yr. Minor visual injury symptoms did not reduce yields. Cabbage was the most sensitive to imazethapyr soil residues. Cabbage yields were reduced in 2 of 3 yr, due to carryover residues from 100 and 200 g ha−1 of imazethapyr applied the previous year. Tomato and potato also showed yield reductions in 2 of 3 yr due to imazethapyr soil residues. The degree of injury and yield reduction was influenced by soil pH and soil moisture. There were no yield reductions for any crop 2 yr after imazethapyr application. Imazamox soil residues were less injurious than imazethapyr soil residues to vegetable crops grown in rotation and resulted in only minor visual injury symptoms and no yield reductions on tomato, potato or cabbage. Key words: Crop tolerance, yield, rotation, herbicide carryover

Yield and injury effects on vegetable crops planted in flumetsulam-treated soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O'Sullivan ◽  
R. J. Thomas ◽  
W. J. Bouw
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Carry Over

The effect of flumetsulam on several vegetable crops grown following soybean was investigated over a 4-yr period. Flumetsulam was applied preplant incorporated to soybean at 0, 70 and 140 g a.i. ha−1 from 1992 to 1994. In trials 1 yr after flumetsulam application, cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), showed visual injury symptoms and reduced yields in 1993, while only cabbage showed visual injury symptoms and reduced yields in 1994 and 1995. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) showed injury symptoms only in 1993 and had no yield reduction. Cabbage also showed visual injury and reduced yields 2 and 3 yr following a 1992 flumetsulam application. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) showed visual injury symptoms in 1995, 3 yr after flumetsulam application. Generally, crop tolerance decreased linearly as application dose increased from 0 to 140 g ha−1. Minor visual injury symptoms did not correspond with a reduced yield. Injury was most severe on sites with the lowest soil pH values. Based on these studies, effects of flumetsulam from normal use rates (70 g ha–1) will carry over to injure-sensitive crops like cabbage, in the rotation for up to 3 yr, especially in low pH soils (pH 6.1 or less). Otherwise, a 22-mo planting interval is adequate to protect other vegetable crops in the rotation from injury and yield reductions. Key words: Crop injury, herbicide carryover, flumetsulam, yield

Sensitivity of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to cloransulam-methyl soil residues

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 763-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Felix ◽  
Douglas J Doohan ◽  
Scott C Ditmarsen ◽  
Marvin E Schultz ◽  
Terry R Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L

Effect of Flumetsulam Plus Clopyralid Soil Residues on Several Vegetable Crops and on Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Cultivars Grown in Rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Sullivan ◽  
Robert J. Thomas ◽  
William J. Bouw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Field Corn

The effect of soil residues of flumetsulam plus clopyralid on several vegetable crops grown in rotation with field corn was investigated over 2 yr. The effect of soil residues of flumetsulam plus clopyralid on sweet corn cultivars of varying sensitivity to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide was also investigated. Flumetsulam plus clopyralid was applied preemergence (PRE) to field corn at 0, 50 + 135, and 100 + 270 g ai/ha, respectively, in 1993 and 1994. Cucumber, tomato, cabbage, potato, pepper, pea, and sweet corn were planted each spring, both 1 and 2 yr following the herbicide application. Cabbage was very sensitive and showed visible injury symptoms and yield reductions both years following flumetsulam plus clopyralid application. Pepper showed a yield reduction only in 1995. All other crops showed no injury or yield reductions. Flumetsulam plus clopyralid was applied PRE and postemergence (POST) to six sweet corn cultivars in 1995. These six sweet corn cultivars were replanted into the same site 1 yr later. Flumetsulam plus clopyralid severely injured three of six sweet corn cultivars in 1995, the year of application. Soil residues 1 yr later, however, did not injure or reduce yield of any sweet corn cultivars, including cultivars sensitive to ALS-inhibiting herbicides.

scholarly journals HAIL DAMAGE ON THREE VEGETABLE CROPS

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 258A-258
Author(s):  
Edwin Kee ◽  
Tracy Wootten
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Hail Damage

U.S. crop loss from hail damage amounted to $246,443,391 in 1991. Premiums paid for hail insurance was $403,742,507. Despite the magnitude of this industry, the effects of varying levels of hail injury at different stages of plant growth is largely unknown for many vegetable crops. To further evaluate the effects of hail on strawberries, watermelons, and sweet corn, several studies were established in 1991 and 1992. Simulated hail applications were made at different rates and stages of crop growth. Total yields and marketable yields of strawberries were reduced by hail applications. All hail treatments reduced the number of marketable watermelons, except for the vegetative size light hail treatment in 1991. In 1992, the early treatments caused the most total yield reduction. All hail treatments reduced the percentage of marketable ears of sweet corn, except for the light application in the 13th leaf stage (early vegetative) in 1991. In 1992, additional treatments consisting of clipping all leaves were conducted. Clipping leaves at the early silking stage reduced marketable ears, indicating the loss of foliage adversely affected the growth of the ear. Clipping leaves just prior to harvest reduced the yield of Jubilee, but not Silver Queen.

scholarly journals Syntaksonomiczna ocena zbiorowisk chwastów z udziałem Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. na polach uprawnych w zachodniej Ukrainie

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
ANDRZEJ WOŹNIAK ◽  
MIROSŁAWA SOROKA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2012–2014 na polach uprawnych zachodniej Ukrainy. Oceniono w nich występowanie ambrozji bylicolistnej (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) w zasiewach: (1) kukurydzy (Zea mays L.); (2) słonecznika (Helianthus annuus L.); (3) lucerny siewnej (Medicago sativa L. subsp. sativa); (4) truskawki (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne); (5) ziemniaka (Solanum tuberosum L.); (6) pszenicy jarej (Triticum aestivum L.); (7) soi (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) i (8) winorośli właściwej (Vitis vinifera L.). Ocenę fitosocjologiczną oraz syntaksonomiczną zbiorowisk chwastów przeprowadzono zgodnie z metodą Braun-Blanqueta w pełni okresu wegetacji roślin. Wykazano, że wśród chwastów występujących w uprawach rolniczych większość stanowiła ambrozja bylicolistna, a wskaźnik pokrycia powierzchni tą rośliną wynosił w pszenicy, kukurydzy i słoneczniku 85–90%. Na polach uprawnych zbiorowiska roślin należały do 7 klas syntaksonomicznych. Ambrozję bylicolistną zaliczono do klasy Artemisietea vulgaris i związku Dauco-Melilotenion.

Situación económica y social de la población de San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cadena-Iñiguez ◽  
Eileen Salinas-Cruz ◽  
Jesús Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Mariano Morales-Guerra ◽  
Romualdo Vásquez-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Objetivo: Establecer una línea base como fundamento para la intervención e inducción de innovaciones a través de escuelas de campo y planes de negocios. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El estudio se desarrolló en San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Se elaboró una encuesta como instrumento para recabar en campo información de familias de la localidad con la finalidad de conocer su situación actual. La localidad de trabajo se eligió utilizando como criterio las poblaciones que se encuentran dentro de Cruzada Nacional contra el hambre y en la clasificación de la pobreza extrema Resultados: La localidad de San José del Carmen es considerada como de alta marginación, la población es bilingüe, su principal lengua es el Tzotzil, el nivel de estudios promedio es hasta el tercer año de primaria, las principales actividades productivas son la siembra de maíz (Zea mays L.), frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) y haba (Vicia faba L.) que son utilizadas principalmente para autoconsumo.  No cuentan con agua potable ya que su sistema es a través de la recaudación de agua de lluvia o a través de un jagüey. Sus principales actividades económicas son la albañilería por parte de los hombres, y venta de productos, tales como el pozol (bebida energética a base de maíz y cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), tostadas y algunos vegetales por parte de las mujeres. Las tostadas son producidas en forma artesanal con un proceso de doble nixtamalización y vendida en bolsas de 20 tostadas cada una, a un costo de MX$10.00 en los mercados de San Cristóbal de las Casas, una a dos veces por semana alrededor de 40 bolsas por día de venta. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La afiliación zapatista de alguno de los pobladores y el hecho de que algunos habitantes no hablen español, fueron factores que limitaron desarrollar al 100% el estudio; sin embargo, se considera que se tienen los elementos necesarios para establecer la línea base de la situación de San José del Carmen. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico servirá como una herramienta para establecer una intervención a través de innovaciones y planes de negocios en la comunidad de estudio. Los pobladores cuentan con herramientas necesarias para obtener nuevos conocimientos que ayuden a un desarrollo de su producción. El idioma no deberá de ser una limitante para ello.

scholarly journals Characterization of Maize Genotypes (Zea mays L.) for Resistance to Striga asiatica and S. hermonthica and Compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS) in Tanzania

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
John Lobulu ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Mark D. Laing ◽  
Arnold Angelo Mushongi ◽  
Admire Isaac Tichafa Shayanowako
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Mean

Striga species cause significant yield loss in maize varying from 20 to 100%. The aim of the present study was to screen and identify maize genotypes with partial resistance to S. hermonthica (Sh) and S. asiatica (Sa) and compatible with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS), a biocontrol agent. Fifty-six maize genotypes were evaluated for resistance to Sh and Sa, and FOS compatibility. Results showed that FOS treatment significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced Striga management compared to the untreated control under both Sh and Sa infestations. The mean grain yield was reduced by 19.13% in FOS-untreated genotypes compared with a loss of 13.94% in the same genotypes treated with FOS under Sh infestation. Likewise, under Sa infestation, FOS-treated genotypes had a mean grain yield reduction of 18% while untreated genotypes had a mean loss of 21.4% compared to the control treatment. Overall, based on Striga emergence count, Striga host damage rating, grain yield and FOS compatibility, under Sh and Sa infestations, 23 maize genotypes carrying farmer preferred traits were identified. The genotypes are useful genetic materials in the development of Striga-resistant cultivars in Tanzania and related agro-ecologies.

Sugar and Soluble Solids Changes in Refrigerated Sweet Corn (Zea mays L)

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ZHU ◽  
J. R. MOUNT ◽  
J. L. COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Soluble Solids
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